1626
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1626 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1626 MDCXXVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2379 |
| Armenian calendar | 1075 ԹՎ ՌՀԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6376 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1547–1548 |
| Bengali calendar | 1033 |
| Berber calendar | 2576 |
| English Regnal year | 1 Cha. 1 – 2 Cha. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2170 |
| Burmese calendar | 988 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7134–7135 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙丑年 (Wood Ox) 4323 or 4116 — to — 丙寅年 (Fire Tiger) 4324 or 4117 |
| Coptic calendar | 1342–1343 |
| Discordian calendar | 2792 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1618–1619 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5386–5387 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1682–1683 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1547–1548 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4726–4727 |
| Holocene calendar | 11626 |
| Igbo calendar | 626–627 |
| Iranian calendar | 1004–1005 |
| Islamic calendar | 1035–1036 |
| Japanese calendar | Kan'ei 3 (寛永３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1547–1548 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3959 |
| Minguo calendar | 286 before ROC 民前286年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 158 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2168–2169 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 1752 or 1371 or 599 — to — 阳火虎年 (male Fire-Tiger) 1753 or 1372 or 600 |
1626 (MDCXXVI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1626th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 626th year of the 2nd millennium, the 26th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1620s decade. As of the start of 1626, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
January–June
- January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden defeats a Polish army in the Battle of Wallhof, Latvia.
- January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's New Netherland colony, with 2 ships of Dutch emigrants.
- February 2 – King Charles I of England is crowned, but without his wife, Henrietta Maria, who declines to participate in a non-Catholic ceremony.
- February 5 – The Huguenot rebels and the French government sign the Treaty of Paris, ending the second Huguenot rebellion.
- February 11 – Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia and Patriarch Afonso Mendes declare the primacy of the Roman See over the Ethiopian Church and Roman Catholicism the state religion of Ethiopia.
- April 25 – Thirty Years' War: Albrecht von Wallenstein defeats Ernst von Mansfelds army in the Battle of Dessau Bridge.
- May 4 – Peter Minuit becomes director-general of New Netherland for the Dutch West India Company.
- May 24 – Peter Minuit buys Manhattan from a Native American tribe (Lenape or Shinnecock) for trade goods, valued at 60 guilders ("$24").
- June 15 – King Charles I of England dissolves the English Parliament.
July–December
- July 30 – The Naples earthquake causes severe damage and may have killed up to 70,000.
- August 1 – Eighty Years' War: Ernst Casimir of Nassau-Dietz retakes Oldenzaal, forcing Spain to withdraw from Overijssel.
- August 27 – Thirty Years' War: Tilly defeats king Christian IV of Denmark's army in the Battle of Lutter.
- September 30 – Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji.
- November 6 – (O.S.) The ship Arms of Amsterdam arrives in Europe from New Netherland (left September 23) with the news: "They have purchased the Island Manhattes [Manhattan] from the Indians for the value of 60 guilders." (from P. Schagen letter dated November 7).
- November 18 – The new St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican is consecrated, the anniversary of that of the previous church in 326.
- December 1 – Pasha Muhammad ibn Farukh, tyrannical Governor of Jerusalem, is forced out.
- December 20 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and Transylvanian monarch Bethlen Gabor sign the Peace of Pressburg.
Date unknown
- The Battle of Ningyuan in Xingcheng, Liaoning, China: With a much smaller force, the Ming Dynasty commander Yuan Chonghuan defeats the Manchu tribal leader Nurhaci, who dies soon after and is succeeded by Huang Taiji.
- When Quebec was first established its settlers depended on supplies sent from France. However, Champlain wanted the settlement at Quebec to be able to survive on its own. In 1626, Champlain decided to build a farm to raise livestock, or animals to provide food for the people living in the habitation. Champlain described the construction of Cap tourmente (Kap toor-mont) farm in one of his journals.
- The beginning of the Würzburg witch trial, which led to the mass executions of hundreds of people until 1631.
Births
January–March
- January 9 – Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, Founder of the Trappist Order (d. 1700)
- January 13 – Johann Philipp of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German nobleman (d. 1669)
- January 25 – Edward Evelyn, British politician (d. 1692)
- February 5 – Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, French aristocrat (d. 1696)
- February 7 – Fabian von Fersen, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1677)
- February 18 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician (d. 1697)
- March 3 – John Hele, English politician (d. 1661)
- March 9 – Lorentz Mortensen Angell, merchant and landowner in Norway (d. 1697)
- March 10 – Cornelis Van Caukercken, engraver, printseller (d. 1680)
- March 12 – John Aubrey, English antiquary and writer (d. 1697)
- March 16 – Cornelius Van Steenwyk, American politician (d. 1684)
- March 21 – Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur (d. 1667)
- March 30 – Atto Melani, Italian opera singer (d. 1714)
April–June
- April 6 – Robert Harley, English politician (d. 1673)
- April 10 – Franz Egon of Fürstenberg, German count in the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1682)
- April 23 – Maurice Henry, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar (1653–1679) (d. 1679)
- April 25 – Sigmund von Birken, German poet of the Baroque (d. 1681)
- May 10 – Jan Jacobszoon Hinlopen, Dutch art collector and merchant (d. 1666)
- May 12 – Louis Hennepin, Roman Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Recollet order (French (d. 1705)
- May 14 – Willem Joseph van Ghent, Dutch admiral (d. 1672)
- May 16 – Andrea Carlone, Italian painter (d. 1697)
- May 17 – Countess Palatine Eleonora Catherine of Zweibrücken, sister of King Charles X of Sweden (d. 1692)
- May 21 – Wolfgang Carl Briegel, German organist and composer (d. 1712)
- May 27 – William II, Prince of Orange (d. 1650)
- June 8 – William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford, member of England's House of Lords (d. 1695)
- June 9 – Sir John Newton, 2nd Baronet, Member of the English Parliament (d. 1699)
- June 18 – John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt, English politician (d. 1675)
- June 29 – Jeffrey Daniel, English politician (d. 1681)
July–September
- July 15
- Christiane Sehested, daughter of king Christian IV of Denmark and his morganatic spouse Kirsten Munk (d. 1670)
- Hedevig Ulfeldt, daughter of king Christian IV of Denmark and Kirsten Munk (d. 1678)
- July 17 – Henriette Marie of the Palatinate, German noble (d. 1651)
- July 25 – Gerard Brandt, Dutch historian (d. 1685)
- August 1
- Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay (d. 1685)
- Sabbatai Zevi, Sephardic Rabbi (d. 1676)
- August 5 – Richard Ottley, English politician (d. 1670)
- August 12 – Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (d. 1690)
- September 7 – Maria Klara of Dietrichstein, German noblewoman (d. 1667)
- September 8 – Simon Patrick, English theologian and bishop (d. 1707)
- September 16 – Leopold Wilhelm, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Imperial Field Marschal (d. 1671)
- September 27 – William Douglas, 2nd Lord Mordington, eldest son and heir of Sir James Douglas (d. 1671)
- September 28 – Elizabeth Maitland, Duchess of Lauderdale, influential British noblewoman (d. 1698)
October–December
- October 4 – Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. 1712)
- October 5 – George II, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1662–1699) (d. 1699)
- October 6 – Géraud de Cordemoy, French historian, philosopher and lawyer (d. 1684)
- October 17 – Samuel Danforth, Puritan minister, preacher, poet, astronomer, missionary (d. 1674)
- October 23 – Francis Marsh, Irish bishop (d. 1693)
- November 8
- Matthew Marvin, Jr., Connecticut settler (d. 1712)
- César-Pierre Richelet, French grammarian and lexicographer (d. 1698)
- November 30 – Cesare Pronti, Italian painter (d. 1708)
- December 8 – Queen Christina of Sweden (d. 1689)
- December 10 – George Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (1669–1671) (d. 1677)
- December 12 – Giovanni Francesco Ginetti, nephew of Cardinal Marzio Ginetti (d. 1691)
- December 18 – William Stanhope, English politician (d. 1703)
- December 20 – Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff, German statesman (d. 1692)
- December 21 – Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch, son of Walter Scott (d. 1651)
- December 31 – Ladislaus, Count Esterházy, Hungarian noble (d. 1652)
Date unknown
Deaths
- January 24 – Samuel Argall, English adventurer and naval officer (b. 1580)
- February 7 – William V, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1548)
- February 11 – Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician (b. 1552)
- February 20 – John Dowland, English composer and lutenist (b. 1563)
- March 3 – William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire, English politician and Earl (b. 1552)
- March 10 – John Dormer, Member of Parliament (b. 1556)
- March 19 – Pierre Coton, French Jesuit and royal confessor (b. 1564)
- April 9 – Francis Bacon, English scientist and statesman (b. 1561)
- April 11 – Marino Ghetaldi, Croatian mathematician and physicist (b. 1568)
- May 4 – Arthur Lake, Bishop of Bath and Wells, English bishop and Bible translator (b. 1569)
- May 17 – Joan Pau Pujol, Catalan composer (b. 1570)
- May 28 – Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (b. 1561)
- June 7 – Anne of Saint Bartholomew, Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun (b. 1550)
- June 16 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, German Protestant military leader (b. 1599)
- June 29 – Scipione Cobelluzzi, Italian cardinal and archivist (b. 1564)
- July 13 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (b. 1563)
- July 19 – Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German regent (b. 1573)
- August 13 – Maria of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess Consort of Saxe-Lauenburg (1582–1619) (b. 1566)
- September 21 – François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières, Constable of France (b. 1543)
- September 25 – Lancelot Andrewes, English scholar (b. 1555)
- September 26 – Wakisaka Yasuharu, Japanese warrior (b. 1554)
- September 30 – Nurhaci, Chinese chieftain (b. 1559)
- October 2 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish diplomat (b. 1567)
- October 26 – François Béroalde de Verville, French writer (b. 1556)
- October 30 – Willebrord Snell, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (b. 1580)
- November 21 – Anna Maria of Hesse-Kassel, Countess Consort of Nassau-Saarbrücke (b. 1567)
- November 25 – Edward Alleyn, English actor (b. 1566)
- November 29 – Ernst von Mansfeld, German soldier (b. c. 1580)
- December 8 – John Davies, English poet (b. 1569)
- December 10 – Edmund Gunter, English mathematician (b. 1581)
- date unknkown – – Reyer Anslo, Dutch poet (d. 1669)