Public holidays in India
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Public holidays in India, also known as statutory holidays, consist of a variety of cultural, nationalistic, and religious holidays that are legislated in India at the union or state levels. While many of these holidays are honoured and acknowledged nationwide, State legislation varies in regard to which are officially recognized.
India, being a culturally diverse society, celebrates many holidays and festivals, but there are only three national holidays: Republic Day (26 January), Independence Day (15 August) and Gandhi Jayanti (2 October).[1][2]
States have local festivals depending on prevalent religious and linguistic demographics. Popular Hindu festivals of Makar Sankranti, Pongal, Maha Shivratri, Onam, Janmashtami, Saraswati Puja, Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Raksha Bandhan, Holi, Durga Puja, Dussehra and Diwali; Jain festivals are Mahavir Janma Kalyanak and Paryushan; Sikh festivals like Guru Nanak Jayanti and Vaisakhi; Muslim festivals of Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Mawlid, Muharram; Buddhist festivals like Ambedkar Jayanti, Buddha Jayanti, Dhammachakra Pravartan Day and Losar; Parsi Zoroastrian holidays such as Nowruz, and Christian festivals of Christmas and Easter as well as days of observances such as Good Friday are observed throughout India.
National holidays
National holidays are observed in all states and union territories.
India has three national days.
They are:
Date | English name | Commemorates |
---|---|---|
26 January | Republic Day | Adoption of the Constitution of India[3] (1950) |
15 August | Independence Day | Independence from the United Kingdom (1947) |
2 October | Gandhi Jayanti | Birthday of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869) |
Other notable holidays
States generally adopt the same holidays as the union government with some variations. In addition to the official holidays, many religious, ethnic, and other traditional holidays, as well as observances proclaimed by officials populate the calendar. At the discretion of the employer, other holidays are common additions to the list of paid holidays.
Date | Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|---|
1 January | New Year's Day | Most of India |
13–17 January | Pongal | Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu |
14 January | Uttarayan | Gujarat |
23 January | Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's Jayanti (Parakram Divas) | Odisha, Tripura, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Assam |
30 January | Mahatma Gandhi's Death Anniversary | All of India |
August or September | Onam | Kerala, Pondicherry |
19 February | Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti | Maharashtra |
20 February | Arunachal Pradesh
(statehood day) |
|
1st Day of Chithirai, March/April | Vishu / Varusha Pirappu or Puthandu (Malayali and Tamil New Year) |
Kerala, Tamil Nadu |
2nd Day of Chaitra, March/April | Cheti Chand (Sindhi New Year) |
Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh |
15 March | Kanshi Ram's Jayanti | Uttar Pradesh |
22 March | Bihar Day | Bihar |
30 March | Rajasthan Day | Rajasthan |
1 April | Utkala Dibasa (Odisha day) |
Odisha |
13/14 April | Pana Sankranti (Maha Vishuva Sankranti) (Odia New Year) |
Odisha |
14 April | Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar's Jayanti | Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Ladakh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal |
14 April | Samrat Ashoka's Jayanti (Birthday of Emperor Ashoka) |
Bihar |
14/15 April | Puthandu (Tamil New Year) |
Tamil Nadu |
14/15 April | Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year) |
Tripura, West Bengal |
15 April | Bihu (Assamese New Year) |
Assam |
1 May | Labour Day[4][5] | Telangana, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Manipur, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal, Odisha, Rajasthan, Punjab |
1 May | Maharashtra Day | Maharashtra |
1 May | Gujarat Day | Gujarat |
9 May | Rabindra Jayanti | West Bengal |
16 May | Annexation Day | Sikkim |
2 June | Telangana Formation Day | Telangana |
15 June | Maharana Pratap Jayanti | Rajasthan |
Purnima of Ashvin | Valmiki Jayanti | Haryana, Delhi, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka |
26 October | Accession Day | Jammu and Kashmir |
31 October | Sardar Patel Jayanti | Gujarat |
1 November | Karnataka Rajyotsava | Karnataka |
1 November | Andhra Pradesh Raashtra Avatharana Dinotsavam (State Formation Day) | Andhra Pradesh |
1 November | Haryana Foundation Day | Haryana |
1 November | Madhya Pradesh Foundation Day | Madhya Pradesh |
1 November | Kerala Foundation Day | Kerala |
1 November | Chhattisgarh Foundation Day | Chhattisgarh |
3rd day of Kartika Krishna Paksha | Kanaka Jayanti | Karnataka |
7 December | Armed Forces Flag Day | Indian military |
Holidays with religious significance
In India, people from various religions coexist together. Religious and cultural holidays are characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. People from different religions celebrate their festivals. It is not that a particular festival is celebrated by the people of only a particular religion but, people from other religions also play a great role in the celebration of the festival of other religions.[citation needed]
Hindu holidays
Hindus celebrate a number of festivals all through the year. Hindu festivals have one or more of religious, mythological and seasonal significance. The observance of the festival, the symbolisms used and attached, and the style and intensity of celebration vary from region to region within the country. A list of the more popular festivals is given below.
Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|
Bhogi/Lohri | Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra (as Bhogi), Punjab (as Lohri) |
Makar Sankranti/Sankranthi/ Maghi/Magh Bihu/Pongal | Andaman & Nicobar, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam (as Magh Bihu), Gujarat (as Uttarayan), Karnataka, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal (as Makar Sankranti), Andhra Pradesh, Telangana (Sankranthi) Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh (as Sangrand), Rajasthan (as Makar Sankranti), Pongal / Tamilar Thirunaal (Tamil Nadu) |
Vishu | Kerala, Tamil Nadu |
Vasant Panchami (Aka, Saraswati Puja) | Telangana, Odisha, Tripura, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra |
Ratha Saptami | Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka |
Maha Sivarathri | Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chandigarh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal |
Holi (aka, Dol) | All states and territories except Kerala, Nagaland, Mizoram, Goa, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. |
Dhulivandan | Maharashtra[6] |
Ugadi/Gudhi Padwa/Puthandu (Hindu New Year) | Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Pudhucherry, (Ugadi), Maharashtra, Goa (Gudi Padwa) Pudhucherry, Tamil Nadu (Puthandu) |
Rama Navami | Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Telangana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal |
Hanuman Jayanti | Maharashtra, Odisha, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh (as Bada Mangal), Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. |
Akshaya Tritiya/Maharishi Parashurama Jayanti | Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh |
Rath Jatra | Odisha, Gujarat |
Naga Panchami or Guga-Navami | All states and territories except Goa |
Raksha Bandhan(Aka, Rákhi Pourńimá) | Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Haryana, Odisha, Punjab, Maharashtra (Raksha Bandhan), Telangana, Andhra Pradesh (Rakhi Purnima) |
Krishna Janmashtami/Krishnashtami (a.k.a. Gokulashtami) | Andhra Pradesh,Telangana (Krishnashtami), Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal (Krishna Janmashtami) |
Ganesh Chaturthi/Vinayaka Chavithi (a.k.a. Ganeshotsav) | Andhra Pradesh, Telangana (Vinayaka Chavithi), Pudhucherry (Vinayaka Chavithi/ Vinayaga Chavithi), Tamil Nadu (Vinayaga Chavithi), Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab (Ganesh Chaturthi) |
Raja Parba | Odisha |
Mahalaya | Karnataka, West Bengal, Assam, Odisha |
Navaratri | All states for 10 days till Dussehra |
Dussehra/Durga Puja | All states and territories (holiday for 2 days in Andhra Pradesh, mainly in Telangana (after Bathukamma), Bihar, Kerala, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh; holiday for 3 days in Odisha, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, and Tripura holiday for 6 days in West Bengal; 11th day Bhashani Utchhav in Odisha) |
Kumara Purnima (a.k.a. Kojaagari Pornima) | Maharashtra (as Kojaagari Pornima), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal |
Diwali/Deepavali | All states and territories (observed for 2 days in Assam, West Bengal, Karnataka and Odisha; observed for 5 days in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh and Delhi; observed for 6 days in Maharashtra) |
Vasu Baras / Vagh Baras (a.k.a. Govatsa Dwadashi) – Maharashtra, Gujarat | |
Dhanteras (a.k.a. Dhanatrayodashi) – Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar | |
Naraka Chaturdashi – all states except Tamil Nadu | |
Lakshmi Puja – Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal and Tripura, Telangana | |
Balipratipada, Govardhan Puja– all states except Tamil Nadu | |
Hindu New Year- Gujarat, Maharashtra | |
Bhai Duj (Aka, Bhau-beej, Yama Dwitiya, Bhai Phota) | Maharashtra, Goa, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, |
Devotthan Ekadashi | Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and some parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh |
Hartalika Teej | Maharashtra, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh |
Jagaddhatri Puja | West Bengal |
Vishwakarma Puja | Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal. |
Nuakhai | Odisha |
Chhath Puja | Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh |
Bathukamma | Telangana |
Bonalu | Telangana |
Islamic holidays
Holiday | Day and month of Hijri | Observed in |
---|---|---|
Day of Ashura | 10th Muharram. Death of Imam Hussain ibn Ali | All states and territories |
Mawlid | Rabi' al-awwal | All states and territories |
Birthday of Ali ibn Abi Talib | 13th Rajab in the Islamic Calendar | Uttar Pradesh and Bihar |
Shab-e-Barat | 15th Sha'ban | Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu |
Jumat-ul-Wida Alvida |
Last Friday in Ramadan | Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh |
Eid ul-Fitr | 1st Shawwal | All states and territories |
Eid-e-Ghadeer | 18 Dhu al-Hijjah | Telangana |
Eid al-Adha | 10 Dhu al-Hijjah | All states and territories[7] |
Sikh holidays
A number of Sikh holidays are Gurpurbs, anniversaries of a guru's birth or death; marked by the holding of a festival.
Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|
Guru Gobind Singh Ji Gurpurab | Bihar, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana |
Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Ji | Punjab |
Vaisakhi | Andaman & Nicobar, Assam, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal |
Guru Nanak Gurpurab | All over India |
Christian holidays
Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|
Palm Sunday | All states and territories |
Maundy Thursday | Meghalaya, Mizoram, Kerala, and Goa |
Good Friday | All states and territories |
Easter Sunday | All states and territories |
Feast of Pentecost | All states and territories |
Feast of St. Thomas the Apostle | Kerala |
Fest of St. Theresa of Calcutta | West Bengal |
Feast of the Blessed Virgin | Goa and Parts of Karnataka |
All Saints Day | Karnataka |
All Souls Day | Mizoram |
Feast of St. Francis Xavier | Goa |
Christmas Day | All states and territories |
Boxing Day | Telangana[8] |
Feast of Holy Family | Meghalaya |
Buddhist holidays
Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|
Buddha Purnima | Andaman & Nicobar, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Punjab |
Bizu | Tripura |
Dhammachakra Pravartan Day | Maharashtra |
Losar | Sikkim, Ladakh |
Jain holidays
Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|
Mahavir Janma Kalyanak | Andaman & Nicobar, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, |
Paryushan | Andaman & Nicobar, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, |
Parsee (Zoroastrian) holidays
The Shahenshahi and Kadmi variants of the Zoroastrian calendar do not intercalate leap years and hence the day of the Gregorian calendar year on which these days are celebrated shifts ahead with time. The third variant of the Zoroastrian calendar, known as either Fasli (in India) or Bastani (in Iran), intercalcates according to Gregorian calendar rules and thus remains synchronous with the seasons. The Parsis in India use a Shahenshahi calendar, unlike the Iranian Zoroastrians who use a Kadmi calendar. The North American and European Parsis have adapted their own version of the Fasli calendar. This is, however, is looked down upon by many of the Parsis, who continue to use the Shahenshai calendar.[citation needed] These differences cause changes in the dates of the holidays. For example, the Zoroastrian New Year, Nowruz, falls in the spring for the Iranians but in the summer for the Parsis.
Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|
Nowruz (Parsee New Year) |
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Pudhucherry, Punjab |
Ravidassia holidays
Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|
Guru Ravidass Jayanti | Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Delhi, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh. |
Ayyavazhi holidays
Holiday | Observed in |
---|---|
Ayya Vaikunda Avataram | Tamil Nadu[9] |
Holidays in government offices
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Central and State governments in India issue annually a list of holidays to be observed in the respective government offices during the year.[10] The list is divided into two parts:
- Gazetted holidays (Annexure I)
- Restricted holidays (Annexure II)
In addition, local administrations also issue a list of holidays, known as local holidays, which are observed at the district level.
Central government
The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (Department of Personnel and Training) on behalf of the Government of India issues a list of holidays to be observed in central government offices during the year. The list is divided in two parts i.e. Annexure I & Annexure
Annexure I
Annexure I, also known as Gazetted holidays, consists of a list of holidays that are mandatory once decided.[10] This list consists of two parts:
- Paragraph 2
- Paragraph 3.1
Paragraph 2
It consists of holidays that are observed compulsorily across India.[10] These holidays are:
- Republic Day
- Independence Day
- Gandhi Jayanti
- Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
- Buddha Purnima
- Christmas Day
- Dussehra
- Diwali (Deepavali)
- Good Friday
- Guru Nanak's Birthday
- Eid ul-Fitr
- Eid al-Adha (Bakrid)
- Muharram
- Prophet Muhammad's Birthday (Id-e-Milad)
so all the holidays are there
Paragraph 3.1
In addition to the 14 compulsory holidays mentioned in paragraph 2, three holidays are chosen from the list below by the Central Government Employees Welfare Coordination Committee in the respective state capitals (if necessary, in consultation with Coordination Committees at other places in the State). The final list is applied uniformly across all Central Government offices within each state. They are notified after seeking the prior approval of the ministry, and no changes can be made thereafter. No change is permissible in regard to festivals and dates.[10]
- An additional day for Dasara
- Holi
- Janamashtami (Vaishanvi)/Krishnashtami
- Rama Navami
- Maha Sivarathri
- Ganesh Chaturthi/Vinayak Chaturthi
- Makar Sankranti/Sankranthi
- Onam
- Sri Panchami/Basanta Panchami
- Vishu/Vaisakhi/Vaisakhadi/Bhag Bihu/Mashadi/Ugadi/Chaitra Sakladi/Cheti Chand/Gudhi Pada 1st Navratra/Nauraj
Annexure II
Annexure II also known as Restricted holidays, consists of a list of holidays which are optional. Each employee is allowed to choose any two holidays from the list of Restricted Holidays. The Coordination Committees at the State Capitals draw up a separate list of Restricted Holidays, keeping in mind the occasions of local importance, but the nine occasions left over, after choosing the three variable holidays in paragraph 3.1, are included in the list of restricted holidays.[10]
Central government organisations
Central Government Organisations, which include industrial, commercial and trading establishments, observe up to 16 holidays per year, including three national holidays, viz. Republic Day, Independence Day and Mahatma Gandhi's birthday, as compulsory holidays. The remaining holidays/occasions may be determined by such establishments/organisations themselves, subject to paragraph 3.2.[10]
Union territory administrations
Union territory administrations decide the list of holidays based on Ministry of Home Affairs letter No.14046/27 /83- GP-I dated 15 February 1984, by which they observe a total of 16 holidays, including the three National Holidays, viz. Republic Day, Independence Day and Mahatma Gandhi's birthday.[10]
Indian missions abroad
In respect of Indian missions abroad, the number of holidays is determined in accordance with the instructions contained in the Department of Personnel and Training's O.M. No.12/5/2002-JCA dated 17 December 2002. They have the option to select 11 (eleven) holidays of their own only after including the three National Holidays and Diwali, Milad-Un-Nabi or Id-E-Milad, Mahavir Janma Kalyanak, Idu'l Fitr, Dussehra (Vijaya Dasami), Guru Nanak's Birthday, Christmas Day as compulsory holidays falling on weekdays.[10]
Banks
In respect to banks, the holidays are restricted to 15 days per year in terms of the instructions issued by the Department of Economic Affairs (Banking Division).[10]
- Bank Holiday
- Gandhi Jayanti
- Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
- Maharaja Agresen Jayanti
- Kashiram Death Anniversary
- Dussehra (Maha Navami)
- Dussehra (Vijaya Dashami)
- Dusshera (Maha Navaratri, Durgotsava, Durga Ashtami, Durga Ashtami)
- Deepawali
- Deepawali (Govardhan Puja)
- Bhai Duj/Chitragupt Jayanti
- Eid al-Adha (Bakrid)
- Guru Nanak's birthday/Kartik Poornima
- Dr. B R. Ambedkar's Nirwan Diwas
- Moharram
- Christmas
- New Year's Day
- International Women's Day
- Gudhi Padwa
- Guru Gobind Singh Ji Gurpurab
- Sankaranti
- Basanta Panchami
- Guru Ravidas Jayanti
- Chehalum
- Holi
- Easter Saturday
- Easter Monday
- Baishakhi
- Janmashtami
- Vishwakarma Pooja
- Eid ul fitr
- Ganesh Chaturthi
- Anant chaturdasi
- Dussehra (Maha Ashtami)
- Maharshi Balmiki Jayanti
- Deepavali (Narak Chaturdasi)
- Eid ul Adha (Bakrid)
- Guru Teg Bahadur Shahid Diwas
- Moharram
- Christmas
- second and fourth Saturday
See also
References
- ^ "National holidays". Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ "National and Public holidays". Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ "Introduction to Constitution of India". Ministry of Law and Justice of India. 29 July 2008. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "पुढच्या वर्षी सुट्टयांचा पाऊस; १६ लॉन्ग विकेंड-Maharashtra Times". https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|website=
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Dec.26 declared public holiday
- ^ Thousands take part in Ayya Vaikundar Avatar day - The Hindu Archived 11 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, India's National Daily, 04-03-2012, ' " The government had also declared a restricted holiday on Saturday, for the first time, in the State in view of Ayya Vaikundar Avatar day. " '
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Holidays to be observed in central government offices during 2017 Archived 12 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Note a new version of this document is released each year, and old versions may not be available beyond one or two years previous. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Holidays to be observed in Central Government Offices during the year 2020 Government Holidays