Timeline of Exeter
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Exeter, Devon, England.
Prior to 16th century
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- 250 BC – Goods traded with Roman coins
- 45 CE – Romans in power (approximate date).[1]
- 55 – Roman fort established in Isca Dumnoniorum (approximate date).
- 380 – Roman occupation ends (approximate date).[2]
- 600 – Saxons arrive (approximate date).[2]
- 868 – Monastery founded by Ethelred.[3]
- 876 – Danes occupy town.[4]
- 893 – Town besieged by Danes again.
- 900 – Market active.[5]
- 927 – Athelstan evicts the Cornish from Exeter (and perhaps the rest of Devon), according to William of Malmesbury, writing around 1120.[6]
- 932 – Monastery founded by Athelstan.[3]
- 1003 – Exeter sacked by forces of Sweyn of Denmark.[3]
- 1048 – Episcopal see relocated to Exeter from Crediton.[4]
- 1050 – Leofric becomes bishop of Exeter.[7][8]
- 1067 – Exeter besieged by forces of William the Conqueror.[7]
- 1068 – Rougemont Castle built (approximate date).
- 1087 – Benedictine Priory of St Nicholas founded.
- 1130 – Exeter fair active.[5]
- 1136 – Exeter besieged by forces of Stephen, King of England.[1]
- 1190 - Old Exe Bridge construction began.
- 1207 – Mayor in office.
- 1214 - Old Exe Bridge construction finished (approximate).
- 1236 – Nunnery founded.[7]
- 1400 – Exeter Cathedral built (approximate date).
- 1466 - Tailors’ trade gild incorporated.[9]
- 1468/70 - Exeter Guildhall current building constructed.[9]
- 1482 - Tailors’ trade gild dissolved on the petition of the burgesses.[9]
- 1490 – Company of Weavers and Fullers incorporated.[10]
- 1497 – City besieged by forces of Perkin Warbeck.[4]
16th–18th centuries
- 1536
- City becomes a county corporate.[7]
- Monastery disbanded.[1]
- 1556 – Society of Merchant Adventurers incorporated.[11]
- 1564 – Exeter Ship Canal construction begins.[1]
- 1593 – Guildhall rebuilt.[7]
- 1595 – Michael Harte bookseller in business.[12]
- 1612 – Northernhay Gardens laid out.
- 1633 – Exeter Free Grammar School opens.
- 1643 – September: City taken by forces of Charles I of England.[7]
- 1646 – April: Parliamentarians in power.[7]
- 1664 – St Stephen's Church built.
- 1681 – Custom House built on the Quay.
- 1688 – November: William III of England visits city.[3]
- 1696 – Mint established.[3]
- 1714 – Exeter Mercury newspaper begins publication.[13]
- 1743 – Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital opened.[9]
- 1760 – George's Meeting (Unitarian) built.
- 1763 – Trewman's Exeter Flying Post newspaper in publication.
- 1764 – Exeter Synagogue consecrated.
- 1778 – Bridge rebuilt.
- 1783 – Gilbert Dyer's circulating library in business.[12][14]
- 1792 – Exeter Gazette newspaper begins publication.[13]
19th century
- 1813
- Devon and Exeter Institution founded.[3]
- Exeter Western Luminary begins publication.[15]
- 1814
- Iron Footbridge built.
- Exeter Medical Library founded.
- 1821 – Besley's Exeter News begins publication.[13]
- 1823 – Cholera epidemic.[1]
- 1825
- Mechanics' Institution opens.[7]
- Chichester Place laid out.
- 1832 – Veitch plant nursery in business.[16]
- 1835 – Athenaeum instituted.[3]
- 1837 – Catacombs built.
- 1840 – Exeter Diocesan Training College opens.
- 1842 – Church of St Andrew built.
- 1844 – Bristol and Exeter Railway begins operating to Exeter St Davids railway station.[7]
- 1847 – Polytechnic Institution founded.[3]
- 1848 – South Devon Railway begins operating from Exeter St Davids station.[3]
- 1852 - Exeter and South Devon Volunteers formed.
- 1853 – Prison built.
- 1854 – School of Art founded.
- 1860 – London and South Western Railway begins operating to Exeter Queen Street station.
- 1862 – Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art established.[17]
- 1867 – November: Economic unrest.[7]
- 1870 – Royal Albert Memorial Museum established.
- 1882 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
- 1884 – 18 November: Sacred Heart Church opened.
- 1887 – 5 September: Theatre Royal burns down with 186 fatalities.[7]
- 1889
- Theatre Royal rebuilt.
- Devon and Exeter Medico-Chirurgical Society founded.[18]
- 1896 – City of Exeter Electricity Company formed.
20th century
- 1901 – Population: 47,185.[9]
- 1904 – Express & Echo newspaper begins publication.[19]
- 1905
- 29 March: Rebuilt Exe Bridge opened.
- 4 April: Exeter Corporation Tramways begins operating its electric system.
- Approximate date: Devon and Cornwall Record Society established.[20]
- 1907 – Sidwell Street Methodist Church completed, a pioneering example of reinforced concrete construction by French engineer Paul Cottancin.
- 1910 – Empire Electric Palace opens.[21]
- 1911 – Exeter Pictorial Record Society active.[22]
- 1914 – 7 October: First of five war emergency hospitals in requisitioned buildings in the city opens to casualties, staffed by Voluntary Aid Detachment nurses.[23]
- 1916 – December: Deller's Café opens in Bedford Street.[23]
- 1937
- Odeon Exeter cinema opens.[21]
- Exeter Airport opens.
- 1942 – May: "Baedeker Blitz": Aerial bombing by the German Luftwaffe devastates the city centre.[1]
- 1949 – 21 October: Official inauguration of construction of Princesshay, Britain's first pedestrianised shopping precinct, as part of the postwar city centre reconstruction.[24]
- 1955 – University of Exeter chartered.
- 1960 – October: Flood.
- 1963 – November: Exeter & Devon Crematorium opened.
- 1964 – Devon County Hall built.
- 1967 – Northcott Theatre opens.
- 1970 – Exeter College established.
- 1972 – Barnfield Theatre established.
- 1974 – Spacex (art gallery) established.
- 1977 – M5 motorway opens.[1]
- 1997 – Douglas Centre for the History of Cinema and Popular Culture opens at University of Exeter.
21st century
- 2007 – Princesshay rebuilt.
- 2008 – 22 May: Attempted bombing in Princesshay.
- 2011 – Population: 117,773.
- 2017 – Exeter Chiefs rugby union team win the Aviva Premiership.
- 2021 - World War II bomb detonation.
See also
- Exeter history
- Timelines of other cities in South West England: Bath, Bristol, Plymouth
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Devon Library and Information Services. "Devon Timeline". Devon County Council. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ a b Shorter, A. H. (1954). "The Site, Situation and Functions of Exeter". Geography. 39 (4): 250–261. JSTOR 40564988.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i George Henry Townsend (1867), "Exeter", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- ^ a b c Toone, William (1828). Chronological Historian ... of Great Britain. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.[1]
- ^ a b Letters, Samantha (2005), "Devon", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History
- ^ Payton, Philip (1996). Cornwall: a history. Fowey: Alexander Associates.
'Exeter was cleansed of its defilement by wiping out that filthy race'... The area inside the city walls still known today as 'Little Britain' is the quarter where most of the Cornish Romano-British aristocracy had their town houses, from which the Cornish were expelled. Under Athelstan's statutes it eventually became unlawful for any Cornishman to own land, and lawful for any Englishman to kill any Cornishman (or woman or child).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Exeter", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- ^ Oliver, George (1861). Lives of the Bishops of Exeter, and a history of the Cathedral. Exeter: W. Roberts. OL 7124106M.
- ^ a b c d e Britannica 1910.
- ^ Lewis, W.S. (1924). "Ancient Maritime Trade of Exeter". Geographical Teacher. 12 (6): 455–457. JSTOR 40555167.
- ^ William Cotton (1873), An Elizabethan Guild of the city of Exeter, Exeter: Pollard, OL 7153277M
- ^ a b Ian Maxted (2006), "Exeter", Devon book and paper trades: a biographical dictionary, Exeter Working Papers in British Book Trade History, retrieved 17 September 2013
- ^ a b c "Devon newspaper bibliography: Exeter". Local Studies. Devon County Council. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ Carter, Mr (1825). First Part of a Catalogue of the Extensive, Curious, and Valuable Library, of the Late Mr. Gilbert Dyer, Bookseller, Exeter.
- ^ "Exeter". Newspaper Press Directory. London: Charles Mitchell. 1847.
- ^ S. Heriz-Smith (1988). "Veitch Nurseries of Killerton and Exeter c. 1780 to 1863". Garden History. 16 (1): 41–57. doi:10.2307/1586904. JSTOR 1586904.
- ^ Report, Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art, 1863
- ^ Yearbook of the Scientific and Learned Societies of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1922
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Exeter (England) Newspapers". Main Catalogue. British Library. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ "Devon and Cornwall Record Society". Local Studies. Devon County Council. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Exeter, England". Los Angeles: CinemaTreasures.org. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ "Exeter Pictorial Record Society". Local Studies. Devon County Council. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ a b Parker, David (2014). Exeter: remembering 1914–18. Great War Britain. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-6026-7.
- ^ Venning, Norman (1988). Exeter: the Blitz and Rebirth of the City. Exeter: Devon Books. ISBN 0-86114-830-4.
Bibliography
Published in 17th–18th centuries
- John Ogilby (1699), "(Exeter)", Traveller's Guide, or, A Most Exact Description of the Roads of England, London: Abel Swall
- Richard Izacke; Samuel Izacke (1724) [1677], Remarkable Antiquities of the City of Exeter, London: Printed for Edw. Score
- Antient History and Description of the City of Exeter. Exeter: Andrews and Trewman. 1765.
Compiled and digested from the works of Hooker, Izacke, and Others
- Daniel Defoe; Samuel Richardson (1778), "Devonshire: (Exeter)", A Tour Through the Island of Great Britain (8th ed.), London: J.F. and C. Rivingdon
Published in 19th century
1800s–1840s
- John Britton; Edward Wedlake Brayley (1803), "Exeter", Beauties of England and Wales, vol. 4, London: Vernor & Hood
- Alexander Jenkins (1806), The history and description of the city of Exeter, Exeter: P. Hedgeland, OCLC 5828563, OL 6929249M
- S. Woolmer (1811), A Concise Account of the City of Exeter (2nd ed.), Exeter
- George Alexander Cooke (c. 1822). "Exeter". Topographical and Statistical Description of the County of Devon (3rd ed.). London: Sherwood, Neeley and Jones.[2]
- James Dugdale (1819), "Devonshire: Exeter", New British Traveller, vol. 2, London: J. Robins and Co.
- "Exeter". Rees's Cyclopædia. 1819.
- New Guide to the City of Exeter. Exeter: W. Spreat. 1824.
- Robert Watt (1824). "Exeter". Bibliotheca Britannica. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: A. Constable. hdl:2027/nyp.33433089888832. OCLC 961753.
- Exeter itinerary and general directory, Exeter: T. and H. Besley, 1828
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Exeter". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- "Exeter", Great Western, Cheltenham and Great Western, and Bristol and Exeter Railway Guides, London: James Wyld, 1839, OCLC 12922212
- Samuel Lewis (1848), "Exeter", Topographical Dictionary of England (7th ed.), London: S. Lewis and Co.
1850s–1890s
- "Hand Book of Exeter", Besley's Hand Book for the Archery Meeting, and Visitor's Guide to Exeter, Exeter: Henry Besley, 1858, hdl:2027/njp.32101064794991,
Grand National Archery Meeting
- George Samuel Measom (1860), "Exeter", Official Illustrated Guide to the Bristol and Exeter, North and South Devon, Cornwall, and South Wales Railways, London: Richard Griffin and Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097040505
- George Oliver (1861), The history of the city of Exeter, Exeter: W. Roberts, OL 7051533M
- Charles Knight, ed. (1867). "Exeter". Geography. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064794.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Hand-book and directory for Exeter and its neighbourhood. Exeter: H. Mortimer. c. 1874.
- W. Cotton; Henry Woollcombe (1877), Gleanings from the Municipal and Cathedral Records Relative to the History of the City of Exeter, J. Townsend
- History, gazetteer and directory of the County of Devon including the City of Exeter (2nd ed.), Sheffield: William White, 1878, OL 14012345M
- Illustrated Hand Book of Exeter, Exeter: H. Besley and Son, 1880, OCLC 12990441, OL 22883206M
- John Parker Anderson (1881), "Devonshire: Exeter", Book of British Topography: a Classified Catalogue of the Topographical Works in the Library of the British Museum Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, London: W. Satchell
- R.N. Worth (1883), "Exeter", Tourist's Guide to South Devon (3rd ed.), London: Edward Stanford
- Popular Illustrated Guide to Exeter and Its Neighbourhood. Exeter: Thomas Upward. 1887.
- Edward Augustus Freeman (1890), Exeter, Historic Towns (2nd ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co., OCLC 3601841, OL 6586115M
- Herbert Edward Reynolds (1895), A short history of the ancient diocese of Exeter, Exeter: H. Besley, OL 7241003M
- "Exeter", Great Britain (4th ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1897, hdl:2027/mdp.39015010546516, OCLC 6430424
- Charles Gross (1897). "Exeter". Bibliography of British Municipal History. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co.[3]
- Charles Slegg Ward (1897), "Exeter", North Devon and North Cornwall, Thorough Guides (7th ed.), Dulau & Co.
- Guide to Exeter. London: Ward, Lock & Co. 1899.
- "Exeter", Route Book of Devon (2nd ed.), Exeter: Henry Besley, 1900
- "Central Section: Exeter". Book of Fair Devon. United Devon Association. 1900.
Published in 20th century
- A.R. Hope Moncrieff, ed. (1902), Black's Guide to Exeter and East Devon, London: A. & C. Black
- G.K. Fortescue, ed. (1902). "Exeter". Subject Index of the Modern Works Added to the Library of the British Museum in the Years 1881–1900. London. hdl:2027/uc1.b5107011.
{{cite book}}: External link in|editor= - J.G. Bartholomew (1904), "Exeter", Survey Gazetteer of the British Isles, London: G. Newnes
- A.M. Shorto (1906). Story of Exeter: for use in schools. Exeter: James G. Commin.
- "Exeter". List of Works Relating to British Genealogy and Local History. New York: New York Public Library. 1910.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 65–66.
- Great Britain. Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (1916), Report on the records of the City of Exeter, London, OCLC 924383, OL 7065949M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Exeter". England. Blue Guides. London: Macmillan. 1920.
- W. G. Hoskins. Industry, Trade and People in Exeter, 1688–1800 (1935)
- W. Stanley Lewis and A. H. Shorter (1939). "The Evolution of Exeter". Geography. 24 (3): 149–161. JSTOR 40561002.
- W. G. Hoskins. Exeter" History Today (May 1951), Vol. 1 Issue 5, p28-37 online.
- Aileen Fox. Roman Exeter (1952)
- Connie S. Evans (2000). "'An Echo of the Multitude': The Intersection of Governmental and Private Poverty Initiatives in Early Modern Exeter". Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies. 32 (3): 408–428. doi:10.2307/4053912. JSTOR 4053912.
Published in 21st century
- "Exeter". Brewer's Britain and Ireland. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. ISBN 1849721858 – via Credo Reference.(subscription required)
- Tim Isaac and Chris Hallam Secret Exeter (2018)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Exeter.
- Royal Albert Memorial Museum. "Exeter Time Trail". Exeter City Council.
- "Devon", Historical Directories, UK: University of Leicester. Includes digitised directories of Exeter, various dates
- "Timeline". Exeter Memories. David Cornforth.
- Digital Public Library of America. Works related to Exeter, various dates