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Abdul-Malik al-Houthi

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Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
File:Ansarullah Leader Abdel Malek Alhouthi.jpg
Nickname(s)Abdul-Malik
Born (1979-05-22) 22 May 1979 (age 45)
Saada Governorate, Yemen[1]
Allegiance Houthis
Battles / warsHouthi insurgency in Yemen

Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi (Arabic: عبد الملك بدر الدين الحوثي) is a Yemeni politician who serves as the leader of the Zaidi revolution movement Ansar Allah (Houthis). His brothers Yahia and Abdul-Karim are also leaders of the group, as were his late brothers Hussein, Ibrahim,[2] and Abdulkhalik.[3][4][5][6][7] Abdul-Malik Houthi is the leading figure in a revolution starting in the Sa'dah province in northern Yemen, which has been continuing from 2004 to the present day. The uprising was called the Houthi Rebellion due to his leadership.

Personal life

Al-Houthi was born in Saada, northern Yemen, into the Houthi tribe in 1982. Some sources state that he was born on 22 May 1979.[8][9] He follows the Jarudiyah branch of Zaidiyyah Shia Islam.[10] His father, Badreddin, was a religious scholar of Yemen's minority Zaydi Shia sect. Abdul-Malik was the youngest among his eight brothers.[11] His older brother, Hussein, was politically active and a member of the parliament of Yemen, as well as being a prominent critic of the former President of Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh. Hussein founded the Houthi movement to promote Zaidi thought, rise against the oppressors ruling Yemen, and to provide educational and social services. After Hussein was killed, Abdul-Malik succeeded him by taking control of the movement.

Political activity

File:Houthis protest against airstrikes 3.png
A Houthi holds up an image of Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi during protests against the Saudi Arabian-led coalition in 2015.

Abdul-Malik al-Houthi criticized the Yemeni government for maintaining a status quo in the country, which he said had plunged people into poverty, and accused the government of marginalizing the Zaidi community.[12] The Yemeni government of president Ali Abdullah Saleh accused al-Houthi's group of trying to reestablish the "clerical imamate" (Shia Islamic government), which al-Houthi denied.[13]

Al-Houthi was claimed to have been badly injured during an air raid in December 2009, a claim denied by a spokesman.[14] On 26 December 2009, two days after a heavy air strike from the Royal Saudi Air Force, it was claimed that Al-Houthi had been killed.[15][16] However, the claim was refuted by the Houthis, who then released video evidence showing he was alive.[17]

Al-Houthi addressed the nation on Yemen TV in a late-night speech on 20 January 2015, after troops loyal to him seized the presidential palace and attacked the private residence of president Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi in Sana'a. He demanded Hadi implement reforms giving the Houthi movement more control over the government.[18] Although it was initially reported that Hadi conceded to al-Houthi's demands,[19] the president resigned from office on 22 January, saying the political process had "reached a dead end".[20] The UN Security Council then imposed sanctions on al-Houthi.[21] He was praised by Iranian conservative politician Mohsen Rezaei, in a statement of moral support and defense of "real Islamic awakening".[22]

During bombarding of the Sanaa airport by Saudi-led coalition warplanes in 2015, missiles pounded al-Houthi's hometown of Marran.[23]

According to the Guardian News agency, more than 40 Saudi officers have been trained at prestigious British military colleges since the Saudi intervention in Yemen started.[24] This officers mostly trained at Sandhurst, the RAF’s school at Cranwell and the Royal Naval College in Dartmouth since 2015.[24] The MoD refused to state the earned money from the Saudi contracts, because it could influence Britain’s relations with the Saudis.[24]

Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi, The Houthi leader condemned the UK military cooperation and arms sales to Saudi military.[24] According to a Sky News analysis, The UK has sold at least £5.7bn worth of arms to the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen since 2015.[24]

On 10 May 2020, al-Houthi criticized the show Um Harun for promoting normalization of ties with Israel.[25]

International reaction

The UN announced a travel ban on al-Houthi in November 2014 after the Houthi takeover of Sana'a.[26] During a visit to the northern province, Jamal Benomar, the former UN envoy to Yemen, met with al-Houthi and said he supported the Houthi group in their rejection of moving the talks between Al Houthi and the current government outside of Yemen, in spite of the complaint of Hadi, the Yemeni legitimate president.[27]

References

  1. ^ Peterson, J.E. (2008). "The al-Huthi Conflict in Yemen" (PDF). Arabian Peninsula Background Note. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  2. ^ "Clashes in southern Yemen; rebels leader's brother killed". Globe and Mail. Associated Press. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  3. ^ "Brother of Houthis' top leader believed dead after air strike". The National (Abu Dhabi). 1 September 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  4. ^ Yemeni rebel leader denies seeking Shi'ite state. Mail & Guardian. 29 September 2009.
  5. ^ Almasmari, Hakim (6 September 2009). “My Group”, Abdul Malik Al-Houthi. Yemen Post.
  6. ^ Iran urges all sides to end Yemen conflict Archived November 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. İslâmi Davet. 24 November 2009.
  7. ^ the 500 most influential muslim,p.166.2009,ed by John Esposito & Ebrahim Kalin
  8. ^ "Abdul Malik Al Houthi: The Shiite Thorn on Yemen's side". www.albawabaeg.com. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  9. ^ "Yemen's Abd-al-Malik al-Houthi". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  10. ^ CNN : الحوثيون.. فرقة جارودية تحولت من الزيدية إلى التشيّع Archived 2017-10-12 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "Abdel-Malek al-Houthi: from shadow rebel leader to kingmaker". www.middleeasteye.net. Middle East Eye. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  12. ^ "Houthi Leader Criticizes Yemeni Government". Press TV. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18.
  13. ^ "The World Almanac of Islamism".
  14. ^ Houthis: Our leader is not injured Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Press TV. 21 December 2009.
  15. ^ Increasing reports over death of terrorist al-Houthi. Yemen News Agency. 27 December 2009.
  16. ^ "In a slip of the tongue…Abdul-Malik al-Houthi confirmed dead". 10 February 2013. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013.
  17. ^ Press TV In Yemen, Houthi leader appears in video Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "Yemen leader expected to accept demands of Houthis who defeat his guards". Reuters. 21 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  19. ^ "PRESIDENT APPROVES HOUTHI DEMANDS". The Yemen Times. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  20. ^ "Yemen president quits, throwing country deeper into chaos". Reuters. 22 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  21. ^ "Jordan: UN Security Council to review position on Yemen next week". Middle East Monitor - The Latest from the Middle East.
  22. ^ "Iran's Mohsen Rezaei Writes Open Letter to Yemen's Abdul Malik al Houthi - Critical Threats".
  23. ^ "Coalition Raids Pound Houthi Targets Sanaa Saada". Al Jazeera America. 9 May 2015.
  24. ^ a b c d e Quinn, Ben (10 April 2019). "Dozens of Saudi military cadets trained in UK since Yemen intervention". theguardian.com. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  25. ^ https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2020/05/10/2263112/houthi-leader-slams-saudi-uae-for-promoting-ties-with-israel
  26. ^ "Yemen's ex-president attempts to leave country, fails: sources". ASHARQ AL-AWSAT.
  27. ^ "UN envoy Benomar sought to legitimize Houthi coup: Yemen FM". ASHARQ AL-AWSAT.
Preceded by Leader of al-Shabab al-Muminin
September 2004 – present 		Succeeded by
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