Gram panchayat
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A gram panchayat (transl. 'village council') or village panchayat is the only grassroots-level of panchayati raj formalised local self-governance system in India at the village or small-town level, and has a sarpanch as its elected head.[1]
The failed attempts to deal with local matters at the national level caused, in 1992, the reintroduction of panchayats for their previously used purpose as an organisation for local self-governance.[1] There are about 250,000 gram panchayats in India.[2][3]
Structure
Gram panchayats are at the lowest level of panchayat raj institutions (PRIs), whose legal authority is the 73rd Constitutional Amendment of 1993, which is concerned with rural local governments.[4]
- Panchayat at District (or apex) Level
- Panchayat at Intermediate Level
- Panchayat at Base Level
The gram panchayat is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a Ward Member or Commissioner, also referred to as a Panch or Panchayat Member, who is directly elected by the villagers.[5] The panchayat is chaired by the president of the village, known as a Sarpanch. The term of the elected representatives is five years. The Secretary of the panchayat is a non-elected representative, appointed by the state government, to oversee panchayat activities.[6]
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Meetings
According to Section. 6 (3) of the Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act of 1994, that state's gram sabha has to conduct a meeting at least twice a year.[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b Sapra, Ipsita (February 2013). "Living in the villages". Rural Democracy. D+C Development and Cooperation. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ Chaturvedi, Mahesh Chandra (2012). India's waters. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-1439872833. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- ^ "GROUND RULES". Scroll.in. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- ^ "Chapter Eight: Local Governments". India Constitution at Work: Textbook in Political Science for Class XI. National Council of Educational Research and Training. 2006. ISBN 81-7450-550-4. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
{{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter|authors=(help) - ^ Seetharam, Mukkavilli (1 January 1990). Citizen Participation in Rural Development. Mittal Publications. p. 34. ISBN 9788170992271.
- ^ Social Science. Vk Publications. p. 117. ISBN 9788179732144.
- ^ "The Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act, 1994" (PDF). Lawsofindia.org. 2002. Section 6.(3). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
External links
- website of Ministry of Panchayati Raj Government of India
- Subramaniam Vincent (28 February 2002). "Ugly duckling to swan". India Together.
- "Indian local governments" (Harvard University)
- "Indian local governments" (National Backward Krishi Vidyapeeth Solapur in India)
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