Econazole

Econazole
Clinical data
Trade names	Spectazole, Ecostatin, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a684049
License data	US DailyMed: Econazole;
Pregnancy; category	AU: A; ;
ATC code	D01AC03 (WHO) G01AF05 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-1-{2-[(4-Chlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole;
CAS Number	27220-47-9 ;
PubChem CID	3198;
IUPHAR/BPS	2446;
DrugBank	DB01127 ;
ChemSpider	3086 ;
UNII	6Z1Y2V4A7M;
KEGG	D03936 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:4754 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL808 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2029872 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.043.932
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H15Cl3N2O
Molar mass	381.68 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Chirality	Racemic mixture
	SMILES Clc1ccc(c(Cl)c1)C(OCc2ccc(Cl)cc2)Cn3ccnc3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H15Cl3N2O/c19-14-3-1-13(2-4-14)11-24-18(10-23-8-7-22-12-23)16-6-5-15(20)9-17(16)21/h1-9,12,18H,10-11H2 ; Key:LEZWWPYKPKIXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Econazole is an antifungal medication of the imidazole class.^[2] It is sold under the brand names Spectrazole (United States) and Ecostatin (Canada), among others. It is a component of Pevisone, Ecoderm-TA^[3]and ECOSONE (econazole/triamcinolone).

It was patented in 1968, and approved for medical use in 1974.^[4]

Medical uses

Econazole is used as a cream to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, tinea, pityriasis versicolor, ringworm, and jock itch. It is also sold in Canada under the brand name Ecostatin as vaginal ovules to treat vaginal thrush.

Econazole nitrate exhibits strong anti-feeding properties against the keratin-digesting common clothes moth Tineola bisselliella.^[5]

Adverse effects

About 3% of patients treated with econazole nitrate cream reported side effects. The most common symptoms were burning, itching, redness (erythema), and one outbreak of a pruritic rash.^[6]

Synthesis

Imidazoles devoid of the nitro group no longer have any antiprotozoal activity, however, such drugs are effective antifungal agents.

Alkylation of imidazole (2) with bromoketone (1) prepared from o,p-dichloroacetophenone affords the displacement product (3). Reduction of the ketone with sodium borohydride gives the corresponding alcohol (4). Alkylation of the alkoxide from that alcohol with p-chlorobenzyl chloride leads to econazole (5); alkylation with o,p-dichlorobenzyl chloride gives miconazole.

References

^ ^a ^b "Econazole topical Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
^ Thienpont D, Van Cutsem J, Van Nueten JM, Niemegeers CJ, Marsboom R (February 1975). "Bilogical and toxicological properties of econazole, a broad-spectrum antimycotic". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 25 (2): 224–30. PMID 1173036.
^ Product descriptions Archived 2011-08-31 at the Wayback Machine at REPHCO Pharmaceuticals Limited, Bangladesh. Retrieved June 2012
^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 502. ISBN 9783527607495. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
^ Sunderland MR, Cruickshank RH, Leighs SJ (2014). "The efficacy of antifungal azole and antiprotozoal compounds in protection of wool from keratin-digesting insect larvae". Textile Research Journal. 84 (9): 924–931. doi:10.1177/0040517513515312. S2CID 135799368.
^ "Econazole nitrate cream". Daily Med. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Godefroi EF, Heeres J, Van Cutsem J, Janssen PA (September 1969). "The preparation and antimycotic properties of derivatives of 1-phenethylimidazole". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 12 (5): 784–91. doi:10.1021/jm00305a014. PMID 4897900.

External links

"Econazole". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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[Drugs.com_pregnancy-1] "Econazole topical Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2020.

[2] Thienpont D, Van Cutsem J, Van Nueten JM, Niemegeers CJ, Marsboom R (February 1975). "Bilogical and toxicological properties of econazole, a broad-spectrum antimycotic". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 25 (2): 224–30. PMID 1173036.

[3] Product descriptions Archived 2011-08-31 at the Wayback Machine at REPHCO Pharmaceuticals Limited, Bangladesh. Retrieved June 2012

[Fis2006-4] Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 502. ISBN 9783527607495. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[5] Sunderland MR, Cruickshank RH, Leighs SJ (2014). "The efficacy of antifungal azole and antiprotozoal compounds in protection of wool from keratin-digesting insect larvae". Textile Research Journal. 84 (9): 924–931. doi:10.1177/0040517513515312. S2CID 135799368.

[6] "Econazole nitrate cream". Daily Med. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[7] Godefroi EF, Heeres J, Van Cutsem J, Janssen PA (September 1969). "The preparation and antimycotic properties of derivatives of 1-phenethylimidazole". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 12 (5): 784–91. doi:10.1021/jm00305a014. PMID 4897900.

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