Jump to content

Columbia Business School

Coordinates: 40°48′36″N 73°57′39″W / 40.80998°N 73.96096°W / 40.80998; -73.96096
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Xrolet (talk | contribs) at 21:18, 6 April 2016. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.


Columbia Business School
File:CBS Hermes.jpg
TypePrivate business school
Established1916
Endowment$643 million[1]
DeanR. Glenn Hubbard
Academic staff
136
Postgraduates1,433
~100
Location
New York
, ,
USA
CampusUrban
AffiliationsColumbia University
Websitegsb.columbia.edu
File:Columbia Business School (logo).gif

Columbia Business School (CBS) is the business school of Columbia University in Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1916 to provide business training and professional preparation for undergraduate and graduate Columbia University students. It is one of six Ivy League business schools, and its admission process is among the most selective of top business schools.[2]

History

File:CBS Logo 1950s.gif
Logo introduced in the 1950s
File:CBS Logo 1990s.gif
Logo introduced in the 1990s

The School was founded in 1916 with 11 full-time faculty members and an inaugural class of 61 students, including 8 women. Banking executive Emerson McMillin provided initial funding in 1916, while A. Barton Hepburn, then president of Chase National Bank, provided funding for the School's endowment in 1919. The School expanded rapidly, enrolling 420 students by 1920, and in 1924 added a PhD program to the existing BS and MS degree programs.[3][4]

In 1945, Columbia Business School authorized the awarding of the MBA degree. Shortly thereafter, in the 1950s, the School adopted the Hermes emblem as its symbol, reflecting the entrepreneurial nature of the Greek god Hermes and his association with business, commerce and communication.[5]

In 1952, CBS admitted its last class of undergraduates. The school currently offers executive education programs that culminate in a Certificate in Business Excellence (CIBE) and full alumni status, and several degree programs for the MBA and PhD degrees. In addition to the full-time MBA, the school offers four Executive MBA programs: the NY-EMBA Friday/Saturday program, the EMBA-Global program (launched in 2001 in conjunction with the London Business School), the Berkeley-Columbia Executive MBA program (launched in 2002 in conjunction with the Haas School of Business at University of California, Berkeley), and the EMBA-Global Asia program (launching in 2009 in conjunction with the London Business School and the University of Hong Kong Business School). Students in jointly run programs earn an MBA degree from each of the cooperating institutions.

On July 1, 2004, R. Glenn Hubbard became Columbia Business School's eleventh dean. Hubbard, the former chair of President Bush's Council of Economic Advisers, has worked at the intersection of the private, government and nonprofit sectors and played an active role in shaping national and international economic policy, including the deregulation policy leading up Wall Street bank failures in 2008. In Charles Ferguson's 2010 documentary, Inside Job, when prompted, Hubbard strongly maintains that his political and financial connections to government and Wall Street firms do not create any potential academic conflict of interest.

Campus

Today, Columbia Business School is primarily housed in Uris Hall, a recently renovated 1960s structure at the center of Columbia's Morningside Heights campus. An auxiliary space, Warren Hall, is situated on Amsterdam Avenue and is shared with the law school. Eventually, the school will be moved to a new, more spacious facility at Columbia's planned new campus on 125th Street in Manhattanville, currently under construction.[6]

Uris Hall, standing behind Clement Meadmore's 1968 sculpture "The Curl"

In October 2010, Columbia Business School announced that alumnus Henry Kravis, the billionaire co-founder of private-equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR & Co.), pledged $100 million to fund expansion of Columbia Business School, the largest gift in its history. The donation will go toward construction of the business school’s new site in the Manhattanville section of New York City, where Columbia University is extending its campus. One of the school’s two new buildings will be named for Kravis.[7] The buildings will be designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro.[8] In December 2012, Ronald Perelman also donated $100 million to the construction of the second business school building.

MBA program

The Columbia MBA Program is highly competitive with an admission rate of 15% in 2009.[9] The student body is highly accomplished and diverse. Students in the class that entered in 2009 come from 61 countries and speak more than 50 languages.[10]

The revised core curriculum, launched in the fall of 2008, represents about 40% of the degree requirement.[11] It consists of 2 full courses and 12 half-term courses including Corporate Finance, Financial Accounting, Managerial Statistics, Managerial Economics, Leadership, Operations Management, and Marketing Strategy.[12] While the first year of the program is usually devoted to completing the requirements of the core curriculum, the second year provides students with the opportunity to choose from the more than 130 elective courses available at the School and supplement them with more than 4,000 graduate-level classes from the University's other graduate and professional schools.[13] Among the most popular electives at Columbia Business School are the Economics of Strategic Behavior, Financial Statement Analysis and Earnings Quality, Launching New Ventures, Modern Political Economy, and the Seminar in Value Investing.[13]

Columbia Business School has a firm grade non-disclosure policy, stating that students refrain from disclosing specific class grades, GPAs, or transcripts until they accept full-time, post graduation positions.[14] Students enter Columbia's MBA program in two tracks. The traditional fall term is approximately 550 students, while the January term "J-Term" is approximately 200 students. Students entering in the fall are divided into eight clusters of approximately 65 students that take all first year core classes together. J-Term students are broken into three clusters. The J-Term is aimed at students who want an accelerated 18-month program who usually plan to return to their previous job, are company sponsored, and will not pursue a summer internship because they take classes during the summer.

The recently launched Columbia CaseWorks program utilizes the faculty’s research and industry experience and brings that perspective into the classroom through the development of new cases and teaching materials.[15] Beginning in orientation and continuing through core classes and electives, students are immersed in cases that use faculty research to address real-world business issues. Columbia CaseWorks challenges students to debate corporate decision making and to develop appropriate recommendations and solutions. During their first year, students study and discuss an integrated case that focuses on a single company and is incorporated into several core courses. This encourages students to think about a company holistically, analyzing it from the perspective of various disciplines.[16]

In 2013, the median starting base salary was $110,000, with a median $30,000 signing bonus and a median $20,000 of other guaranteed compensation.[17] According to Forbes magazine, 90% of billionaires with MBAs who derived their fortunes from finance obtained their master's degree from one of three schools: Harvard Business School, Columbia Business School, or The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.[18]

Academic Divisions

The School's faculty are divided into five academic units:[19]

  • Accounting
  • Decision, Risk, and Operations
  • Finance and Economics
  • Management
  • Marketing

Areas of focus

Though there are no official tracks within Columbia Business School, many students choose to focus on a particular area in order to gain deeper knowledge in a specific discipline. Columbia Business School offers the following areas of focus:[20]

  • Accounting
  • Consulting
  • Decision, Risk and Operations
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Finance and Economics
  • Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Management
  • Human Resource Management
  • International Business
  • Management / Leadership
  • Marketing
  • Media
  • Private Equity
  • Real Estate
  • Social Enterprise
  • Value Investing

As part of its MBA curriculum, Columbia Business School offers the Value Investing Program at the Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing, for a handful of selected business school students.[21] The program includes Applied Value Investing and Special Situations Investing. Adjunct professors include hedge fund managers, such as Joel Greenblatt,[22] Paul Sonkin,[23] Ken Shubin Stein and William Von Mueffling.[24] The program also features an extensive list of guest speakers which include Seth Klarman, Michael Price, Bill Nygren, Charles Brandes, David Einhorn and Chris Browne. Notable graduates of the value investing program include Warren Buffett, Mario Gabelli, Leon G. Cooperman, Chuck Royce, Paul Sonkin and William von Mueffling.

Columbia Business School's Entrepreneurship Program trains students for four career paths: entrepreneurship in new ventures, entrepreneurship in large organizations, private equity financing and social entrepreneurship.[25] Consequently, entrepreneurship among Columbia MBA students is on the rise, with 20 students in the MBA Class of 2007 starting their own businesses directly after graduation.[10] To supplement its Entrepreneurship Program, the Business School launched, in June 2012, an entrepreneurship lab in downtown Manhattan, an incubator space for entrepreneurs.

Columbia Business School has a strong presence in consulting. All top five new MBA employers are consulting firms, with McKinsey alone offering positions to 50 new graduates in 2014. Over 30% of new graduates choose a career in consulting.[26]

MBA rankings

Business School
International Rankings
U.S. MBA Ranking
Bloomberg (2024)[27]6
U.S. News & World Report (2024)[28]8
Global MBA Ranking
Financial Times (2024)[29]6


For 2015, national rankings of Columbia's MBA program include #4 by Forbes,[30] #5 by Bloomberg BusinessWeek,[31] and #8 by U.S. News and World Report.[32] In global rankings, Columbia was ranked #5 by The Economist[33] and #5 (2014 ranking) and #4 among U.S. Schools by Financial Times.[34]

In the most recent aggregated "ranking of rankings" of U.S. business schools, Columbia's MBA program ranked #1 in the Financial Times. These rankings are a composite of five major MBA rankings.[35]

Joint-degree programs

Columbia Business School students can combine an MBA with one of ten other professional degrees. In general, a dual degree requires one less year than it would take to complete the two degrees separately. Candidates must apply separately to Columbia Business School and the other degree program.[36]

Joint degrees offered with the following schools include:

Student life

The Columbia Business School Follies is a student club that works throughout each semester to put together a production in which students write, choreograph, and perform comedy skits. It achieved notoriety in 2006[39][40][41] for Every Breath Bernanke Takes, its video parody of the Police song "Every Breath You Take". It purports to be from Glenn Hubbard, Dean of the Business School, in response to Hubbard's being a runner-up to the Fed Chairmanship assumed by Ben Bernanke. In 2008, the Follies team released a sequel to this video called[42] The Market Crashed On Me, a parody of the Boyz II Men song "On Bended Knee". The Follies' other notable video parodies include Damn It Feels Good To Be A Banka, B-School Guy vs. Law School Guy, Baby Got WACC, and MRS.[43][44][45][46]

Admission to the MBA program

Key Admission Stats – Columbia MBA:

Average GPA of admits: 3.5

Average GMAT of admits: 716

Average Age of admits: 28

Admission requirements include a bachelor's degree or its equivalent from an accredited institution, three essays, two letters of recommendation, a GMAT or GRE score and a TOEFL or PTE score for international applicants.

Executive MBA programs

Columbia offers various executive MBA programs.

The Executive MBA (EMBA) Friday/Saturday Program is a 20-month graduate program designed for individuals that are looking to enhance their education without interrupting their careers. The EMBA program is taught on campus at Columbia University by full-time faculty. The first year of classes consists of the same core curriculum as the Full-Time MBA program. Executive education is the focus of the second year. This Friday/Saturday program is targeted at individuals with approximately 10 years of work experience.[47]

The Executive MBA (EMBA) Saturday Program is a 24-month graduate degree program designed for individuals that are looking to enhance their education, but cannot take any time away from work. This program is the same as the Friday/Saturday program, with the exception that classes only meet on Saturdays over a longer period of time.

In addition to the New York–based EMBA Program, Columbia offers three partner programs to meet the differing needs and geographical distribution of prospective students.[48] Because students in the partner EMBA programs must satisfy the separate requirements of each school, they earn an MBA degree from each participating university. Likewise, they become alumni of each university and business school and may avail themselves of all programs and privileges afforded to alumni.

  • The EMBA-Global program is a 20-month program administered in partnership with the London Business School. The program enrolls approximately 70 students from around the world per year. Courses are taught by the full-time faculty of both schools. During the first year, the core curriculum classes alternate monthly between the campuses of Columbia University and the London Business School. The core curriculum is similar to that offered in the regular EMBA programs offered separately by each school, but with a more transnational-business emphasis. Second year classes may be selected from the portfolio of EMBA classes offered at either or both partner schools.[49]
  • The Berkeley-Columbia Executive MBA, administered in conjunction with the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. This 19-month program enrolls approximately 70 students per year. Classes are divided into five terms. Each term contains five sessions that typically meet Thursday through Saturday. One session per term is held at the Columbia University campus, the other four are held on campus at the Haas School of Business. Courses are taught by the full-time faculty of both schools. The core curriculum is taught during the first three terms and consists of material similar to that given in the other EMBA programs. The last two terms offer elective courses. Students may opt to spend one term studying exclusively in the NY-EMBA program at Columbia or in the other MBA programs offered at Berkeley. The Berkeley-Columbia partnership will end after the class admitted in 2012 graduates.
  • The EMBA-Global Asia, run jointly with the London Business School and the University of Hong Kong. This 20-month program follows a curriculum similar to the EMBA-Global program. Classes are held in Hong Kong, London, New York, and Shanghai.

EMBA rankings

  • #2 worldwide, #2 US Program, Businessweek, 2011 Executive MBA Rankings[50]
  • #2 worldwide, Financial Times, 2010 Executive MBA Rankings, Global-EMBA program[51]
  • #3 US Program, #13 worldwide. Financial Times, 2010 Executive MBA Rankings, Berkeley-Columbia program[51]
  • #4 US Program, #15 worldwide. Financial Times, 2010 Executive MBA Rankings, NY-EMBA program[51]
  • #5 US News and World Report 2010 Rankings[52]
  • #4 BusinessWeek Executive MBA Rankings, NY-EMBA program[53]
  • #9 Wall Street Journal Executive MBA Rankings, 2010, NY-EMBA program[54]

MS Programs

Columbia Business School currently offers three separate Master's of Science degrees in Management Science & Engineering, Financial Economics and Marketing. Admission to the programs is extremely competitive with 543 applicants to the Financial Economics program in 2011, its first year, and only 10 students accepted.[55]

Doctoral Program

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is offered by the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and is administered by the Business School. Admission is highly competitive with 894 applicants in 2010 for positions in an entering class of 18 students (2%).[56] A PhD in Management or Business is a common precursor to an academic career in business schools.

Throughout the program, students become familiar with research methods and the literature of their major fields through research projects and directed reading.[57] Doctoral candidates begin the program mastering basic research tools by studying subjects such as economics, behavioral science and quantitative methods, in addition to completing course work and examinations in the major field of study. The completion of course work and qualifying examinations normally requires two to three years.

The research phase begins as early as the first year, when students serve as research assistants, and continues throughout their time at the School.[57] Students gradually become more involved in the design and execution of research and, by the end of the second year, have typically produced at least one paper suitable for publication, often as coauthor with a faculty member. The later years of the program are dedicated to original research and the creation of the dissertation.

Recent Columbia Ph.D. program graduates have placed in the following institutions: Harvard Business School, Wharton School, London Business School, Kellogg School of Management, Cornell University, University of Notre Dame, Stern School of Business, University of Minnesota, Fordham University, Polytechnic University, Baruch College, University of Washington, EWHA Womans University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, University of Toronto, IAE Business and Management School, Universidad Austral, and University of Texas at Austin.[58]

Executive Education

Columbia Business School’s Executive Education program topics include management, finance, leadership, marketing, social enterprise, and strategy.[59] The school also offers executive certification programs, including the Advanced Management Program,[60] the Certificate in Business Excellence[61] and the Senior Leaders Program for Nonprofit Professionals.[62]

CIBE

The Certificate in Business Excellence (CIBE) is awarded to students who complete a total of 18 program days of executive education within a four-year period.[10] Any executive education program at Columbia Business School can be applied toward the completion of the certificate.[10]

Recipients of the CIBE are granted full alumni status with Columbia Business School,[63][64] including the following alumni benefits:[10]

  • Invitations to Columbia Business School alumni events and programs around the world
  • Lifetime Columbia Business School e-mail address
  • Subscriptions to all Columbia Business School alumni publications
  • Eligibility to join a Columbia Business School alumni club

Research centers, programs, and institutes

Research centers, special programs, institutes, and cross-disciplinary areas at Columbia Business School include:[65]

  • Arthur J. Samberg Institute for Teaching Excellence
  • The Behavioral Lab
  • The Center for Decision Sciences
  • Center for Excellence in Accounting and Security Analysis
  • Center on Global Brand Leadership
  • Center on Japanese Economy and Business
  • Columbia Institute for Tele-Information
  • Columbia University Center for International Business Education Research
  • Competitive Strategy
  • Decision Making and Negotiations
  • Eugene Lang Center for Entrepreneurship
  • Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Management Program
  • The Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing
  • Jerome A. Chazen Institute of International Business
  • The Media Program
  • The Paul Milstein Center for Real Estate
  • Private Equity Program
  • Program for Financial Studies
  • Program on Social Intelligence
  • Richard Paul Richman Center for Business, Law, and Public Policy
  • The Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. Center for Leadership and Ethics
  • The Social Enterprise Program
  • W. Edwards Deming Center for Quality, Productivity and Competitiveness

People

Faculty

Columbia Business School employs 136 full-time faculty members,[66] including Joseph Stiglitz, the 2001 Nobel laureate in economics who also teaches at the university's School of International and Public Affairs; Ray Fisman, the Lambert Family Professor of Social Enterprise; and Bernd Schmitt, the Robert D. Calkins Professor of International Business. The current Dean is the former Presidential Council of Economic Advisors Chairman Glenn Hubbard. Hedge fund gurus Joel Greenblatt and Ken Shubin Stein are currently adjunct professors. Bruce Greenwald teaches Value Investing and Economics of Strategic Behavior electives. Adam Dell, brother of Dell Inc. CEO Michael Dell, is a venture capitalist who teaches Business Innovation and Technology. Jonathan Knee teaches Finance and is the author of a book titled "The Accidental Investment Banker". James Freeman teaches Investment Banking and is the CEO of a boutique investment bank by the same name. Frederic Mishkin, member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, returned to teach at CBS starting fall 2008.[67] Rita Gunther McGrath is a well known member of the strategy faculty and the author of four books on the subject, most recently The End of Competitive Advantage: How to Keep Your Strategy Moving as Fast As Your Business (2013, Harvard Business Review Publishing)

Alumni

Columbia Business School has over 39,000 living alumni.[68] Some of the more notable alumni include the following:

Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway
Henry Kravis, Founder of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
Vikram Pandit, Ex-CEO of Citigroup
David Dodd, Father of value investing
Nand Khemka, Chairman of SUN Group
File:Xavier R. Rolet.jpg
Xavier R. Rolet, KBE, CEO London Stock Exchange Group

References

  1. ^ http://www.gsb.columbia.edu/donors/financials
  2. ^ "Top 5 Most Selective Business Schools". About.com. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  3. ^ http://www.gsb.columbia.edu/about-us/history
  4. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=wmXOAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_ViewAPI
  5. ^ http://www.gsb.columbia.edu/alumni/news/New-Visual-Identity
  6. ^ "Columbia University Announces Business School Plan to Move in First Phase of Proposed Expansion in Manhattanville". Columbia University. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  7. ^ "KKR's Kravis pledges $100 mln to Columbia". Reuters. October 5, 2010. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
  8. ^ Russell, James S. (January 12, 2011). "Columbia Business School Picks Diller Scofidio for New Campus". Bloomberg.
  9. ^ "About Columbia Business School: Students and Faculty". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  10. ^ a b c d e "Columbia Business School 2007 Employment Report" (PDF). Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008. Cite error: The named reference "Columbia Business School" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Columbia Business School MBA Core Curriculum". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  12. ^ "Columbia Business School MBA Program Core Curriculum". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  13. ^ a b "Columbia Business School MBA Program Electives". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  14. ^ http://cbsgba.com/culture/grade-non-disclosure-gnd
  15. ^ "About CaseWorks". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  16. ^ http://www4.gsb.columbia.edu/mba/academics/versatile
  17. ^ Columbia Business School Employment Report – 2011.
  18. ^ Forbes: Billionaire Clusters.
  19. ^ "Academic Divisions | Faculty and Research". Columbia Business School. Columbia University. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  20. ^ "Columbia Business School MBA Program: Areas of Focus". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  21. ^ "Heilbrunn Overview". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  22. ^ "Joel Greenblatt – Columbia Business School Faculty Staff Directory". Columbia Business School. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  23. ^ "Paul Sonkin – Columbia Business School Faculty Staff Directory". Columbia Business School. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  24. ^ "William Von Mueffling – Columbia Business School Faculty Staff Directory". Columbia Business School. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  25. ^ "Entrepreneurship Career Paths". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  26. ^ "Columbia Business School Consulting Program". Columbia Business School. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  27. ^ "Best B-Schools". Bloomberg Businessweek.
  28. ^ "2023 Best Business Schools Rankings". U.S. News & World Report.
  29. ^ "Global MBA Ranking 2024". Financial Times. February 11, 2024.
  30. ^ Forbes MBA Rankings 2011
  31. ^ Bloomberg-Business Week MBA Rankings 2012
  32. ^ US News and World Report MBA Rankings 2011
  33. ^ Economist MBA Rankings 2012
  34. ^ Financial Times MBA Rankings 2012
  35. ^ "Financial Times Ranking of Rankings" (PDF). The Financial Times. 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
  36. ^ MBA Student Services : Dual Degrees
  37. ^ Columbia Law and Business Schools to launch 3-year joint JD/MBA degree
  38. ^ Columbia adds three-year J.D./MBA program
  39. ^ Levitt, Steven D. (May 2, 2006). "The Best Economics Humor Ever". New York Times. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  40. ^ "Dean-a-Go-Go". BusinessWeek. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  41. ^ Henderson, Nell (April 27, 2006). "A Fed Wannabe Feels Students' Sting". Washington Post. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  42. ^ "Spring 2008 Videos". Columbia Business School. Retrieved October 3, 2008.
  43. ^ "Damn It Feels Good To Be A Banka". CBS Follies.
  44. ^ "B-School Guy vs. Law School Guy". CBS Follies.
  45. ^ "Baby Got WACC". CBS Follies.
  46. ^ "MRS". CBS Follies.
  47. ^ "Columbia Business School EMBA Overview". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  48. ^ "EMBA: Partner Programs". Columbia University. 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  49. ^ "FAQs". London Business School. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  50. ^ Businessweek, 2011 Executive MBA Rankings, Worldwide
  51. ^ a b c "EMBA Rankings 2010" (pdf). The Financial Times. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
  52. ^ "Executive MBA – Best Business Schools". US News & World Report. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
  53. ^ "The Top Executive MBA Programs". BusinessWeek. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  54. ^ "Leadership Ranks". The Wall Street Journal. September 29, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
  55. ^ "Columbia Business School MS Financial Economics Candidaite Profile".
  56. ^ "Columbia Business School Doctoral Program Admissions Statistics". Columbia Business School. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  57. ^ a b "Columbia Business School Doctoral Program Overview". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  58. ^ "Columbia Business School Doctoral Program Placement". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  59. ^ http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/execed/programs-for-individuals?sourceid=meganav
  60. ^ http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/execed/program-pages/details/814/AMP
  61. ^ http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/execed/why-columbia/cibe
  62. ^ http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/execed/program-pages/details/118/SLP
  63. ^ Columbia Business School
  64. ^ Bricker's International Directory 2006
  65. ^ "Faculty & Research". Columbia Business School. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
  66. ^ "Columbia Business School MBA Program: Faculty". Columbia Business School. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  67. ^ "Fed Governor Mishkin resigns effective August 31". Reuters. May 28, 2008. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
  68. ^ About Columbia Business School : Alumni
  69. ^ a b c "2006 Employment Report" (PDF). Columbia Business School. Retrieved December 30, 2007.

40°48′36″N 73°57′39″W / 40.80998°N 73.96096°W / 40.80998; -73.96096