Energy in Ukraine
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Energy in Ukraine describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Ukraine. Ukraine's geographic position and proximity to Russia explain its importance as a natural gas and petroleum liquids transit country.
Approximately 3.0 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of natural gas flowed through Ukraine in 2013 to Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Turkey.[1]
Ukraine depends on Russia for its supplies of natural gas and oil (which are also produced domestically), although being net-exporter of electricity and coal. Ukraine tries to diversify energy sources.[2]
Overview
| Energy in Ukraine[3] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 47.5 | 1,632 | 887 | 748 | 150 | 305 |
| 2007 | 46.4 | 1,597 | 949 | 693 | 164 | 314 |
| 2008 | 46.3 | 1,583 | 945 | 690 | 163 | 310 |
| 2009 | 46.0 | 1,343 | 894 | 487 | 147 | 256 |
| 2012 | 45.7 | 1,470 | 994 | 555 | 167 | 285 |
| 2012R | 45.6 | 1,427 | 993 | 448 | 166 | 281 |
| 2013 | 45.5 | 1,351 | 999 | 368 | 164 | 265 |
| Change 2004-2009 | -3.0 % | -17.7 % | 0.8 % | -34.9 % | -1.4 % | -15.9 % |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses that are 2/3 for nuclear power[4]
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated | ||||||
Gas
Ukraine was 6th top gas importer in 2009.[5]
Naftogaz is the state owned gas company. Ukraine buys gas from Russia. In disputes Russia has stopped gas delivery in 2006 and 2008. In 2009 80% of the European Union gas from Russia was delivered via Ukraine.
Coal
Electricity
Ukraine was 8th top nuclear electricity producer in 2009. 46.7% of domestic electricity generation was nuclear. This was the 2nd largest share, only France was higher.[6] The largest nuclear power plant in Europe is in Ukraine.
Energoatom (National Nuclear Energy Generating Company of Ukraine) is the state nuclear company founded in 1996. It has about 38,000 employees.
The 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Northern Ukraine was the world's most severe nuclear accident.
Lack of coal for Ukraine's coal-fired power stations due to the War in Donbass and a shut down one of the six reactors of the Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant lead to rolling blackouts throughout Ukraine from early till late December 2014.[7]
Corruption
Corruption is one of the top problems in Ukraine, characterised as a systemic phenomenon, which exists in all sections and levels of the public administration.[2] Ukraine gets gas from Gazprom via third parties. Gazprom did not publish any reporting on anti-corruption programmes.[8]
In 2015 corruption allegations were made against Energoatom, Ukraine's nuclear power operator, with concerns raised by Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk.[9] In March 2016, Energoatom's assets and bank accounts were frozen by Ukrainian courts over allegedly unpaid debts, against which Energoatom is appealing.[10][11]
See also
References
- ^ http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=up.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|website=|title=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help) - ^ a b National Integrity System, Ukraine 2011 Transparency International
- ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015, 2014 (2012R as in November 2015 + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
- ^ Energy in Sweden 2010. Facts and figures. The Swedish Energy Agency. Table 8 Losses in nuclear power stations Table 9 Nuclear power brutto
- ^ IEA Key statistics 2010
- ^ p.187 of the IEA 2010 Publication on Ukrainian Energy
- ^ Ukraine turns off reactor at its most powerful nuclear plant after 'accident', The Independent (28 December 2014)
Ukraine Briefly Cuts Power to Crimea Amid Feud With Russia Over NATO, New York Times (DEC. 24, 2014)
Coal import to help avoid rolling blackouts in Ukraine — energy minister, ITAR-TASS (December 31, 2014)
Rolling blackouts in Ukraine after nuclear plant accident, br>Mashable (Dec 03, 2014)
Ukraine to Import Coal From ‘Far Away’ as War Curtails Mines, Bloomberg News (Dec 31, 2014) - ^ 2011 report on oil and gas companies, Promoting revenue Transparency Transparency International 2011
- ^ "Energoatom chief recalls highs and lows of first half-year". World Nuclear News. 12 August 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- ^ "Continued Ukraine-Russia tensions over fuel". Nuclear Engineering International. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- ^ "Ex-head of Energoatom Derkach claims worst situation in sector in 25 years". Interfax-Ukraine. 23 May 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
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