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Interstate 4

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This article is about the Interstate Highway in Central Florida. For the state highway in the Florida Panhandle, see Florida State Road 4.
Not to be confused with the unbuilt Interstate H-4 in Hawaii.

Interstate 4 marker
Interstate 4
Map
I-4 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by FDOT
Length132.30 mi[1] (212.92 km)
Existed1959–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
West end I-275 in Tampa
Major intersections
East end I-95 / SR 400 near Daytona Beach
Location
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
CountiesHillsborough, Polk, Osceola, Orange, Seminole, Volusia
Highway system
← SR 3→ SR 4

Interstate 4 (I-4) is an Interstate Highway located entirely within the US state of Florida, maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). Spanning 132.30 miles (212.92 km) along a generally southwest–northeast axis, I-4 is entirely concurrent with State Road 400 (SR 400). In the west, I-4 begins at an interchange with I-275 in Tampa. I-4 intersects with several major expressways as it traverses Central Florida, including US Highway 41 (US 41) in Tampa; US 301 near Riverview; I-75 near Brandon; US 98 in Lakeland; US 27 in unincorporated Davenport; US 192 in Celebration; Florida's Turnpike in Orlando; and US 17 and US 92 in multiple junctions. In the east, I-4 ends at an interchange with I-95 in Daytona Beach, while SR 400 continues for roughly another four miles (6.4 km) and ends at an intersection with US 1 on the city line of Daytona Beach and South Daytona.

Construction on I-4 began in 1958; the first segment opened in 1959, and the entire highway was completed in 1965.[2] The "I-4 Ultimate" project oversaw the construction of variable-toll express lanes and numerous redevelopments through the 21-mile (34 km) stretch of highway extending from Kirkman Road (SR 435; exit 75) in Orlando to SR 434 (exit 94) in Longwood. The project broke ground in 2015, and the express lanes opened to traffic on February 26, 2022. Previously, the median of I-4 between Tampa and Orlando was the planned route of a now-canceled high-speed rail line;[3] however, Brightline, an inter-city rail route, plans to use the I-4 right-of-way for their expansion of service to Tampa. From a political standpoint, the "I-4 corridor" is a strategic region given the large number of undecided voters in a large swing state.[4]

Route description

[edit]
Approaching Malfunction Junction on westbound I-4

I-4 maintains a diagonal, northeast–southwest route for much of its length, although it is signed east–west. It roughly follows the original path of the South Florida Railroad built by Henry B. Plant in 1884.

The highway starts its eastward journey at an interchange with I-275—known as "Malfunction Junction"—near Downtown Tampa and is the starting point for milemarkers and exit numbers (which are mileage-based). Just east of Malfunction Junction, I-4 passes along the north side of Tampa's Ybor City district, where a mile-long (1.6 km) connector links to the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway (SR 618) and Port Tampa Bay. I-4 continues east past the Florida State Fairgrounds toward a turbine interchange (uncommon in the US)[5] with I-75.

Eastbound I-4 at US 27 the afternoon before the arrival of Hurricane Irma on the Gulf Coast with emergency shoulder use to improve traffic capacity

After passing near the eastern suburbs of Hillsborough County—including Brandon and Plant City—it enters Polk County, where I-4 crosses along the north side of Lakeland. The Polk Parkway (SR 570) forms a semi-loop through Lakeland's southern suburbs and returns to I-4 at the Florida Polytechnic University campus, near Polk City; it does not serve as a bypass route for I-4 traffic. Just after the western junction with the Polk Parkway, I-4 turns from an eastward to a northeastward heading. Between SR 33 (at exit 38) and US 27, I-4 passes through the fog-prone Green Swamp, although the landscape beside the highway is mostly forest as opposed to water-logged swampland. Ten variable-message signs and dozens of cameras and vehicle detection systems monitor this stretch of mostly-rural highway as a result of several large, deadly pileups caused by dense fog.[6][7]

I-4 westbound approaching SR 535 in Lake Buena Vista

At mile 57, I-4 enters Osceola County and, soon thereafter, intersects Greater Orlando's beltways: the incomplete Western Expressway (SR 429) on the western side and the Central Florida GreeneWay (SR 417) which rounds the eastern side before returning to I-4 in Sanford. Additionally, an exit to World Drive (signed as just "Disney World") runs north as a limited-access highway into Walt Disney World and an electric pylon in the shape of Mickey Mouse can be seen on the southwest corner of the intersection. The single Central Florida GreeneWay/World Drive exit (exit 62) also marks an abrupt change from rural to suburban/urban landscape. The highway passes beside Celebration and Kissimmee on the east side and Walt Disney World (not visible) on the west side.

Approaching Downtown Orlando on eastbound I-4 (photo prior to I-4 Ultimate improvements)

For the next 40 miles (64 km), I-4 passes through Greater Orlando, where the highway forms the main north–south artery. It enters Orange County, passes through Walt Disney World and by SeaWorld Orlando and Universal Orlando, and intersects all of the area's major toll roads, including the Beachline Expressway (SR 528), Florida's Turnpike, and the East–West Expressway (SR 408). Orlando's main tourist strip—International Drive—runs parallel and no more than 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from I-4 between Kissimmee and Florida's Turnpike. Between Michigan Street and Kaley Avenue (about mile 81), I-4 turns due north (while still being signed east–west), heading past Downtown Orlando and its northern suburbs. A 21-mile (34 km) section of I-4 from west of SR 435 to east of SR 434 (miles 75–96) underwent a $2.3-billion reconstruction, and was completed on February 26, 2022. This project replaced most bridges, changed the configurations of many intersections, and added two express toll lanes—named I-4 Express—in each direction.[8][9]

After passing along the west side of Downtown Orlando, I-4 continues through the city's northern suburbs—including Winter Park, Maitland, Altamonte Springs, and Sanford. Around mile 91, I-4 enters Seminole County and, soon thereafter, shifts to a northeast heading. The Seminole Expressway (SR 417), after passing around the east side of Greater Orlando, has its northern terminus (exit 101B) at I-4 in Sanford. This intersection will also connect with the Wekiva Parkway (SR 429), currently under construction, when it is completed in mid-2023,[10][needs update] at which point a full beltway (SR 429/SR 417; concurrent with I-4 for two miles [3.2 km]) around Greater Orlando will be available. On October 21, 2022, the first part of this connection opened to traffic, with the westbound I-4 to southbound SR 429 ramp opening to traffic, along with the section of the southbound lanes between the ramp and SR 46.[11]

Eastern terminus of I-4 at I-95 in Daytona Beach

North of Sanford, I-4 is carried by the St. Johns River Veterans Memorial Bridge over the St. Johns River at the mouth of Lake Monroe. Along the bridge, I-4 enters Volusia County and passes Deltona and DeLand. The segment north of SR 44 has been widened from four to six lanes. Completed in winter 2016–2017,[12] the entire length of I-4 has at least six lanes (three or more per direction). I-4 terminates at a junction with I-95 in Daytona Beach. SR 400 continues east into Daytona Beach four miles (6.4 km) to US 1.

Services

[edit]

I-4 has two pairs of rest areas, one near Polk City and the other near Longwood. At each location, there are separate facilities on opposite sides of the freeway that provide services to traffic in both directions. The rest areas all provide disabled facilities with restrooms, picnic tables, drinking water, pet exercise areas, outside night lights, telephones, vending machines, and nighttime security.[13][14][15]

FDOT closed a pair of rest areas at the Daryl Carter Parkway overpass (mile 70) near Lake Buena Vista in early 1999 and replaced them with retention ponds to serve runoff from an additional lane in each direction of I-4.[16] Another former rest area, without any bathrooms, existed on the eastbound side near mile 127 in Volusia County.[17]

A pair of weigh stations including weigh in motion scales is present at mile 12 between Tampa and Plant City. They were opened in January 2009 to replace a pair just west of the SR 566 interchange at mile 19.[18]

History

[edit]
The original plans called for I-4 to extend to St. Petersburg

I-4 was one of the first Interstate Highways to be constructed in Florida, with the first section opening between Plant City and Lakeland in 1959. By early 1960, the Howard Frankland Bridge was opened to traffic, as well as the segment from the Hillsborough Avenue/US 301 junction in Tampa to Plant City. The stretch from Lake Monroe to Lake Helen, including the original St. Johns River Veterans Memorial Bridge also opened during that period. The segment from Tampa to Orlando was complete by 1962.[19] By the mid-1960s, several segments were already complete, including Malfunction Junction in Tampa and parts of I-4 through Orlando. The original western terminus was set at Central Avenue (County Road 150 [CR 150]) in St. Petersburg,[20] though a non-Interstate extension would have continued south and west to Pasadena.[citation needed] Proposed I-4 was later extended southwest to the present location of I-275 exit 20, with a planned temporary end at US 19 and 13th Avenue South,[21] and a continuation to the Sunshine Skyway Bridge was also designated as part of I-4.[22] Construction was stalled at 9th Street North (CR 803) for several years.

I-4 eastbound at exit 111 in Volusia County in 2005

The entire Interstate Highway was completed by the late 1960s; however, the western terminus was truncated to Malfunction Junction in 1971 when I-75 was extended over the Howard Frankland Bridge. Eventually, that stretch was again redesignated to become part of I-275.[23]

In maps and atlases dating to the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, the Tampa–St. Petersburg section of I-4/I-275 was marked as the Tampa Expressway. The Orlando segment was marked as the Orlando Expressway. Both names have since faded from maps.

Although many post-1970 interchanges along I-4 were constructed before the recent widening projects, they were designed with I-4 expansion in mind. In other words, there is enough room available to widen I-4 to up to 10 lanes without extensively modifying the interchanges. Some of these interchanges include the I-75 stack (constructed in the 1980s) and several interchanges serving the Walt Disney World Resort (constructed in the late 1980s and early 1990s).

In 2002, I-4, along with most of Florida's Interstates, switched over from a sequential exit numbering system to a mileage-based exit numbering system.[24]

A section of I-4 between Daytona Beach and Orlando, called the "dead zone", is rumored to be haunted.[25] In 2010, the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council (ECFRPC), using geographic information system technology, performed an analysis to determine if this identified zone had an increased fatality rate related to crashes. The analysis, which compared this section of I-4 to several other dangerous I-4 sections, found that, while the dead zone area did not have the highest accident or fatality rate, it did identify that the percentage of fatality to accident was significantly higher in this location. Multiple hurricanes, including three category 4 hurricanes (Donna, Charley, and Ian) have also passed over that area.[26]

The median of I-4 between Tampa and Orlando was slated to be used for the Florida High-Speed Corridor line between those cities. As a result of a state constitutional amendment to build a high-speed rail system between its five largest cities passed by voters in 2000, construction projects on I-4 included a wide median to accommodate a high-speed rail line. The high-speed rail project was canceled in 2004 but revived again in 2009. In 2010, the federal government awarded Florida over $2 billion (equivalent to $2.73 billion in 2023[27])—nearly the entire projected construction cost—to build the line, with work on the project to begin in 2011 and be completed by 2014. However, Governor Rick Scott's rejection of the funding ended the project.[28]

On January 9, 2008, 70 vehicles were involved in a large pileup on I-4 near Polk City. The pileup was caused by an unexpected thick morning fog that was mixed with a scheduled—and approved—environmental burn by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. The fog drifted across I-4, mixing with the smoke and reducing visibility to near-zero conditions. Four people were killed and 38 were injured. The section of I-4 did not reopen until the next day, January 10.[29]

Tampa area

[edit]
I-4 westbound two miles (3.2 km) from the I-75 interchange in 2012

The I-4/I-275 interchange (Malfunction Junction) was rebuilt from 2002 to 2007,[30] and I-4 has been widened from four to six lanes (with eight lanes in certain segments).

Eastbound I-4 shifted to its new, permanent alignment between Malfunction Junction and 50th Street on August 8, 2006. The new alignment includes a right-lane ramp exit/entry at the 22nd Street/21st Street Interchange (the previous left-lane configuration was causing hazardous conditions to commuters since its opening in 2005). On August 11, 2006, a fourth lane opened on eastbound I-4 between the downtown junction and 50th Street (led in by a newly opened third lane on the eastbound I-4 ramp from northbound I-275). And, on August 18, the new westbound alignment, just west of 50th Street, opened. The newly opened lanes will improve flow throughout the interchange. The 50th Street overpass, however, would not be complete until late 2007.[31][32][33][34] Also, the eastbound I-4 exit ramp to Columbus Drive/50th Street is situated to the left-hand side of the highway (as opposed to its former right-hand side exit). This exit shift went into effect in spring 2006 and is part of the new, permanent Interstate configuration.

In Tampa, the exit to 40th Street (SR 569), exit 2, was closed and demolished in late 2005 due to the ongoing reconstruction of I-4 and to accommodate a proposed connector highway with the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway.[35]

The interchange with what is today I-75 was constructed in the early 1980s.

Greater Orlando

[edit]
Parking lots under I-4 in Downtown Orlando, 1962

As Orlando grew in the 1970s and 1980s, traffic became a growing concern, especially after the construction of the original interchange with the East–West Expressway in 1973, which proved to become a principal bottleneck. The term "highway hostages" was coined in the 1980s to describe people stuck in long commutes to and from Orlando on I-4.[36]

I-4 in Altamonte Springs
I-4 east toward Downtown Orlando

In the early-to-mid-1990s, several interchanges near Kissimmee were constructed or upgraded to accommodate increasing traffic going to and from Walt Disney World. However, I-4's mainlanes were not widened in the process. Around the same time, SR 417 was extended to I-4.[citation needed] Improvements to the US 192 junction were completed in 2007.[37]

The St. Johns River Veterans Memorial Bridge, a two-span, six-lane replacement to the original four-lane bridge over the St. Johns River northeast of Orlando, was completed in 2004.

During the early 2000s, tolled express lanes were being planned in the Orlando area as a traffic congestion relief technique for rush-hour commuters. The name for them was to be Xpress 400, numbered after the state road designation for I-4. The express lanes were slated to extend from Universal Orlando, east to SR 434 in Longwood, and tolls were to be collected electronically via transponders like SunPass and Central Florida Expressway Authority's E-PASS, with prices dependent on the congestion of the eight mainlanes. However, the project was effectively banned by the passage of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users federal transportation bill in 2005, introduced by US Representative John Mica. The plan for tolled express lanes is now moving forward as part of the $2.3-billion I-4 Ultimate project.

Interim improvements to the interchange at SR 408 were completed at the end of 2008.[38] The eastbound exit to Robinson Street (SR 526) permanently closed on April 25, 2006, to make way for construction of the new eastbound onramp from SR 408.[39] The westbound offramp to Gore Street was permanently closed in the same project on November 2, 2008.

The new overpass from I-4 west to John Young Parkway (CR 423) opened the morning of April 27, 2006.[40][41][42]

Recent history

[edit]

Recent widening

[edit]

The final four-lane segment of I-4, from SR 44 to I-95, was widened to six lanes. Completed in winter 2016–2017, the whole highway is at least six lanes wide.[43]

I-4 Ultimate Project

[edit]
An aerial view of the I-4 Ultimate Express Lanes near Winter Park, FL.
An aerial view of the I-4 Ultimate Express Lanes near Winter Park

A $2.3-billion (in year-of-expenditure dollars) project—dubbed I-4 Ultimate—reconstructed a 21-mile (34 km) stretch of I-4 through Orlando from SR 435 (exit 75) east to SR 434 (exit 94).[44] The most noticeable change is the addition of four variable-toll express lanes along this section, called I-4 Express.[8][9] The toll rates maintain an average speed of 60 mph (97 km/h). Additionally, the general-use lanes were rebuilt, 15 major interchanges were reconfigured, 53 new bridges were added, and 75 bridges were replaced.[45] A pedestrian bridge was built over the highway near Maitland Boulevard, with a second pedestrian bridge being built over SR 435 at the intersection with both Major Boulevard and Tom Williams Way.[46] A pedestrian tunnel was constructed under SR 436. The project also reduced the curve radius and improved line-of-sight along the notorious Fairbanks Curve south of Fairbanks Avenue, which is the most accident-prone section of I-4.[47][48]

FDOT proposed adding barrier-separated high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to I-4 through Greater Orlando in the 1990s, possibly funded by tolls,[49][50] but proposals for express lanes (including reversible toll lanes and high-occupancy toll [HOT] lanes) were blocked by politics for the next 15 years. In 2012, a legislative ban on tolls along I-4, which had been in place for seven years, ended, and FDOT began soliciting private enterprises to build and help finance the project in a public–private partnership.[51] In February 2013, the state legislature and governor gave approval for FDOT to proceed with the public–private partnership on this section of I-4 in February 2013,[52] and, the following year, FDOT selected I-4 Mobility Partners to design, construct, finance, maintain, and operate the project for 40 years. FDOT and I-4 Mobility Partners reached commercial and financial close, and a public–private partnership concession agreement was executed in September 2014.[53] The final design phase began in October 2014.[54] On February 1, 2015, FDOT turned the project over to I-4 Mobility Partners,[55] and, on February 18, transportation officials and the governor held a groundbreaking ceremony for the project in Maitland.[56] After seven years of construction, the express lanes opened to traffic the morning of February 26, 2022, and began tolling on March 3, 2022.[57][58]

Future

[edit]

I-4 Beyond the Ultimate

[edit]

I-4 Beyond the Ultimate, which includes proposed extensions of the I-4 Express toll lanes, both southwest and northeast of the I-4 Ultimate project, are being considered. In 2013, FDOT initiated a study to reevaluate previous feasibility studies, made between 1998 and 2005, in which the addition of HOV or express toll lanes were considered.[59][60] The extensions cover approximately 40 miles (64 km) of I-4 through Greater Orlando. Southwest of the I-4 Ultimate, the study is examining an extension through Osceola County to US 27 in Polk County. Northeast of the I-4 Ultimate, the study is examining an extension through Seminole County to SR 472 in Volusia County.[60]

In addition to these express lane extensions, many interchanges will be reconstructed as part of the project. Some of these reconstructed interchanges will be converted to diverging diamond interchanges, which are proposed at both CR 532 (exit 58; implemented on July 10, 2022) and SR 482 (exit 74A; implemented on March 9, 2024). A brand new interchange at Daryl Carter Parkway is also proposed to be a diverging diamond.

Unlike I-4 Ultimate, where the 21 miles (34 km) encompassed by that project were constructed at once, the 40 miles (64 km) encompassed by I-4 Beyond the Ultimate will be constructed in phases.[61]

As part of the "Moving Florida Forward" initiative, construction of I-4 widening between Championsgate and Osceola Parkway will add additional lanes on this 15-mile segment, which is expected to begin construction in late 2024.[62]

Additional express lanes

[edit]

Express toll lanes are also being considered for I-4 in the Tampa Bay area. In January 2015, FDOT unveiled its master plan for a system of express toll lanes—dubbed Tampa Bay Express (TBX)—on I-4, I-75, and I-275 and began public meetings for community input.[63] On I-4, these lanes would extend approximately 26 miles (42 km) from I-275 to west of the Polk Parkway (SR 570). At the junction with I-275, the initial concept alignment calls for a direct connection between the express toll lanes of both highways.[64] Express bus lanes for regional service and a long-distance bus service were studied for inclusion in the plan. The I-4 corridor was considered in the bus lane study,[65] but the resultant proposal included installation only on I-275 and I-75.[66]

Other projects

[edit]

Connections with two new expressways are planned. The Wekiva Parkway—a 25-mile (40 km) segment of SR 429—will connect to SR 417 at the I-4 interchange in Sanford. When completed in 2023, it will complete the beltway around Orlando, although the southern ends of SR 429 and SR 417 do not connect and are separated by a 3.4-mile (5.5 km) drive along I-4.[67] On October 21, 2022, the first part of this connection opened to traffic, with the westbound I-4 to southbound SR 429 ramp opening to traffic, along with the section of the southbound lanes between the ramp and SR 46.[11] The Central Polk Parkway is a planned tolled expressway in eastern Polk County that will connect I-4 near Davenport with the Polk Parkway near Bartow; it is currently in the design phase, but funding for right-of-way acquisition of the initial segments is not planned until fiscal year 2019–2020.[68] Additionally, FDOT is conducting a feasibility study for a 5-to-11.5-mile (8.0 to 18.5 km)[69] connection between I-4 and the Poinciana Parkway—a short, tolled expressway completed in 2016 between US 17/US 92 and the community of Poinciana.[70][71]

Despite the cancellation of the Florida High-Speed Corridor in 2011, the following year, All Aboard Florida, now Brightline, announced its intentions to build an inter-city rail route between Miami and Orlando, which eventually began operations in September 2023. Brightline is currently in the planning stages of developing an expansion of service between Orlando and Tampa using the I-4 right-of-way.[72]

In 2014, FDOT began a study of the feasibility of extending the SunRail commuter train line to Daytona Beach, primarily focusing on the use of the I-4 median. The ongoing widening project from SR 44 to I-95 maintains a median wide enough to accommodate a future rail line.[73]

Exit list

[edit]
CountyLocationmi[74][75]kmOld exitNew exitDestinationsNotes
HillsboroughTampa0.0000.000—
 I-275 south – Tampa International Airport, St. Petersburg
SR 400 begins		Western terminus of I-4/SR 400; west end of the concurrency with SR 400; Exit 45B (I-275)
45ADowntown East–WestWestbound exit only; exit number based on I-275 mileage
0
 I-275 north – Ocala		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; Exit 45B (I-275)
1.1541.8571Cruise Ships
21st Street / 22nd Street/ East 13th Avenue		Former SR 585
1.762.832 SR 618 (Selmon Expressway) – Brandon, Port of TampaAccess via I-4–Selmon Expressway Connector (left exits, both directions); access to or from SR 618 only in the same direction
2.4633.9642 SR 569 (40th Street)Closed
3.2665.2563 US 41 (50th Street) / Columbus DriveLeft exit eastbound, left entrance westbound
East Lake-Orient Park4.7067.57445 SR 574 (Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard)
5.5738.96956Orient RoadEastbound exit and westbound entrance
6.68310.75567
 US 92 (Hillsborough Avenue) to US 301 – Riverview, Zephyrhills, Busch Gardens		Eastbound access to/from US 92 east, westbound access to/from US 92 west
Mango8.61013.85679 I-75 – Ocala, NaplesExit 261 (I-75)
10.14216.322810 CR 579 (Mango Road) – Mango, Thonotosassa
Dover13.87622.331914McIntosh Road
17.43428.0571017Branch Forbes RoadServes Dinosaur World
Plant City19.51831.4111119 SR 566 (Thonotosassa Road)
21.28034.2471321 SR 39 (Alexander Street) / CR 39 (Buchman Highway)Alexander Street was originally old exit 12, but was combined with 13; access to South Florida Baptist Hospital
22.59636.3651422Park RoadSR 553 not signed
​25.56341.1401525County Line Road
PolkLakeland26.53042.69615A27
 SR 570 east (Polk Parkway) – Lakeland, Winter Haven, Bartow
28.36545.6491628
 To US 92 – Lakeland		Access via unsigned SR 546
30.67549.3671731 SR 539 – Kathleen, Lakeland
32.00351.5041832 US 98 – Lakeland, Dade City
33.44053.8161933 SR 33 / CR 582 – LakelandCR 582 not signed eastbound
37.89460.9842038 SR 33
41.22366.34220A41
 SR 570 west (Polk Parkway) – Auburndale, Lakeland		SR 570 exit 24; serves Florida Polytechnic University (southwest corner of interchange)
Auburndale43.98170.7812144 SR 559 – Polk City, AuburndaleServes Fantasy of Flight
​47.98277.2202248 CR 557 – Lake Alfred, Winter Haven
​54.73388.0842355 US 27 – Haines City, ClermontServes Legoland Florida, Peppa Pig Theme Park and Heart of Florida Regional Medical Center
Polk–Osceola
county line		Four Corners57.72392.8962458 CR 532 – Poinciana, KissimmeeDiverging diamond interchange; implemented July 10, 2022
Osceola59.66396.01860
 SR 429 north (Western Expressway) – Apopka		Exit 1 (SR 429)
Celebration61.78199.42724C-D-E62
 SR 417 north (Central Florida GreeneWay) – Disney World, Celebration, Int'l Airport, Sanford		Collector/distributor lanes serve two junctions with one exit: full interchange for Celebration/Disney World, eastbound exit and westbound entrance for SR 417
64.165103.26425A-B64 US 192 – Kissimmee, Magic KingdomAccess to AdventHealth Celebration
65.322105.12626C-D65 Osceola Parkway (CR 522) – Animal Kingdom, Hollywood Studios
OrangeLake Buena Vista66.565107.12626A-B67


 SR 536 east to SR 417 north – Epcot, Disney Springs
68.107109.6082768 SR 535 – Kissimmee, Lake Buena Vista
70Daryl Carter ParkwayFuture diverging diamond interchange; to be completed in early 2026[76]
Williamsburg70.983114.23627A71Sea WorldAccess via Central Florida Parkway; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
71.744115.4612872
 SR 528 east (Beachline Expressway) – Int'l Airport, Cape Canaveral		To Sea World, Orange County Convention Center, Kennedy Space Center & Port Canaveral; western terminus of SR 528
Orlando73.732118.66029A74A
 SR 482 east (Sand Lake Road) / International Drive		Diverging diamond interchange;[76] access to Orlando Health Dr. P. Phillips
75.246121.09729B
30A		74B
75A		Universal, Universal Boulevard / International DriveWestbound exit 74B, Eastbound exit 75A
I-4 Express LanesWest end of Express Lanes[77]
30B75B SR 435 (Kirkman Road) / International DriveSplit into exits 75A (north) and 75B (south/Int'l Dr.) westbound; Int'l Dr. not signed eastbound; serves Volcano Bay and Fun Spot America
—Grand National DriveInterchange for Express Lanes only[77]
76.359122.8883177 Florida's Turnpike – Miami, OcalaExit 259 (Florida's Turnpike)
—
 Florida's Turnpike south		Interchange for Express Lanes only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance[77]
77.760125.14331A78Conroy RoadServes The Mall at Millenia
79.147127.3753279 CR 423 (John Young Parkway)
80.474129.51033A
33B		80 US 17 / US 92 / US 441Westbound exit does not give access to US 17 north, US 92 east, nor US 441 north; formerly signed as exits 80A-B eastbound
33B80B


 US 17 north / US 92 east / US 441 north		Closed; previously eastbound exit and westbound entrance
81.004130.36334
35		81





 Michigan Street to US 17 north / US 92 east / US 441 north		Westbound signage
81.469131.112 Kaley AvenueEastbound signage; access to Orlando Regional Medical Center
—
 SR 408 east		Interchange for Express Lanes only; eastbound exit only[77]
82.116–
82.78		132.153–
133.22		3682 SR 408 (East–West Expressway) – Ocoee, Titusville, UCFExit 10A(EB)/10(WB) (SR-408)
37
38		82BGore StreetClosed; previously westbound entrance only; westbound exit closed
Anderson StreetClosed; previously westbound exit and eastbound entrance; formerly exit 82C
3983South Street, Anderson StreetEastbound signed South Street, westbound signed Anderson Street
Anderson StreetInterchange for Express Lanes only; eastbound entrance only[77]
—South StreetInterchange for Express Lanes only; no eastbound entrance[77]
—
 SR 408 west		Interchange for Express Lanes only; westbound exit only[77]
3682A SR 408 (East–West Expressway)Closed; previous interchange configuration
83.30134.064083A SR 526 (Robinson Street)Closed; was eastbound exit and westbound entrance
83.792134.8504184A US 17 / US 92 / SR 50 (Colonial Drive) / Amelia StreetFormerly signed as exit 83A westbound, 83B eastbound
84.279135.6344284B
 US 17 south / US 92 / SR 50 west (Colonial Drive west)		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
Ivanhoe BoulevardWestbound exit and eastbound entrance; also include Express Lane access[77]
85.135137.0124385 Princeton StreetAccess to AdventHealth Orlando
85.890138.2274486Par StreetEastbound exit and westbound entrance
Winter Park86.789139.6734587 SR 426 (Fairbanks Avenue)
87.767141.2474688 SR 423 (Lee Road)Western end of the concurrency with US 17 Truck / US 92 Truck; serves Eatonville
Maitland89.491144.0224790A-B SR 414 (Maitland Boulevard)Access via collector/distributor lanes; eastern end of the concurrency with US 17 Truck / US 92 Truck; signed as exits 90A (east) and 90B (west)
89.491144.02290CLake Destiny RoadWestbound exit and entrance via C/D lanes
SeminoleAltamonte Springs91.631147.4664892 SR 436 – Altamonte Springs, ApopkaAccess to AdventHealth Altamonte
Central ParkwayInterchange for Express Lanes only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance[77]
Wekiwa SpringsI-4 Express LanesEast end of Express Lanes[77]
93.613150.6564994 SR 434 – Longwood, Winter SpringsAccess to Orlando Health South Seminole
Lake Mary98.400158.3595098 Lake Mary, Heathrow, Sanford Airport
100.628161.94551A101A CR 46A – Sanford, Heathrow
Sanford101.366163.133—101B-C

 SR 417 south (Seminole Expressway) / SR 429 south (Wekiva Parkway) – Int'l Airports, Apopka, Mount Dora		Ramp from westbound I-4 to southbound SR 429 opened to traffic along with section of southbound lanes of SR 429 to SR 46 on October 21, 2022,[11] remaining connections opened on January 26, 2024;[78] Exit 55A (SR-417/SR-429)
102.505164.96651, 101C101D SR 46 – Mount Dora, Sanford Historic District
Lake Monroe103.997167.36752104 US 17 / US 92 – SanfordAccess to HCA Florida Lake Monroe
Lake MonroeSt. Johns River Veterans Memorial Bridge
VolusiaDeltona107.821173.52153108 CR 4162 – DeBary, Deltona
Deltona–Orange City line110.636178.05153CA111A CR 4146 – Deltona
53CB111B CR 4146 – Orange CityAccess to AdventHealth Fish Memorial
Deltona113.783183.11654114 SR 472 – Deltona, DeLandAccess to Halifax Health UF Health - Medical Center Of Deltona
Lake Helen115.898186.52055116 CR 4116 – DeLand, Lake Helen Historic District
DeLand118.456190.63656118 SR 44 – New Smyrna Beach, DeLand Historic DistrictSigned as exits 118A (east) and 118B (west)
Daytona Beach129.131207.81657129
US 92 east – Daytona Beach		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; access to Daytona Beach International Airport and Halifax Health Medical Center
131.987–
132.298		212.412–
212.913		58132A
 SR 400 east – South Daytona		East end of the concurrency with SR 400; eastbound exit and westbound left entrance; Exit 260A (I-95)
—132B I-95 / US 92 – Jacksonville, MiamiEastern terminus; exit number is for I-95 south; Exit 260B (I-95); US 92 access is part of Exit 260C (I-95)
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

State Road 400

[edit]
State Road 400 marker
State Road 400
LocationTampa–Daytona Beach
Length136.514 mi[74][75] (219.698 km)

State Road 400 (SR 400) is an unsigned highway while running concurrently with I-4 from their shared western terminus at I-275 in Tampa through the last eastbound exit before the eastern terminus of I-4, at I-95 in Daytona Beach. SR 400 is named Beville Road beyond I-95 and continues for another 4.216 mi (6.785 km) to its own eastern terminus at an intersection with US 1 on the city line between Daytona Beach and South Daytona. Sections of the nonconcurrent SR 400 are classified as a "scenic thoroughfare" within Daytona Beach.[79]

Major intersections

[edit]
CountyLocationmi[75]kmDestinationsNotes
Overlap with I-4
VolusiaDaytona Beach0.0000.000
 I-4 west		Eastern end of I-4 overlap; eastbound left exit and westbound entrance; Exit 132A (I-4)
I-95 – Jacksonville, MiamiInterchange; westbound exit and eastbound entrance; eastbound access via I-4; Exits 260A-B (I-95)
0.2710.436 CR 4009 (South Williamson Boulevard) – Int'l Airport, Int'l Speedway
2.1813.510
 SR 483 north (South Clyde Morris Boulevard)

 CR 483 south (South Clyde Morris Boulevard)
Daytona Beach–South Daytona line2.8524.590 SR 5A (Nova Road) – Museum, Bethune Cookman University
4.2166.785 US 1 (South Ridgewood Avenue) – Daytona Beach, South Daytona, Convention CenterEastern terminus
Beville Road eastOne-way street, outbound access only; continuation beyond US 1
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
Browse numbered routes
← SR 399SR 400→ SR 401

In politics

[edit]
Combined presidential election results of I-4 counties, 1992–2020
Year Democrat Republican Other
2020 52.3% 1,276,840 46.7% 1,139,924 1.09% 26,658
2016 50.6% 1,289,387 44.7% 1,161,468 3.68% 95,768
2012 52.6% 953,186 46.2% 838,377 1.2% 21,907
2008 53.3% 946,929 45.7% 811,159 1.0% 17,034
2004 46.5% 724,618 52.9% 824,887 0.6% 9,929
2000 48.0% 569,746 49.7% 590,030 2.2% 26,531
1996 45.7% 462,403 44.7% 451,902 9.6% 96,818
1992 37.5% 379,821 42.1% 426,297 20.3% 205,621

In the 2004 US presidential election, the I-4 corridor, a commonly used term to refer to the counties in which I-4 runs through and a site of significant population growth, was a focus of political activity within the swing state of Florida. Communities along the I-4 corridor were perceived by both major political parties as having higher proportions of undecided voters as compared to more Republican- or Democratic-leaning portions of the state. It played an equally key role in the 2008 US presidential election, but, whereas the corridor had voted heavily for George W. Bush in 2004, which helped Bush win the state, in 2008, it swung behind Democratic candidate Barack Obama, helping Obama win Florida.[80]

Between 1996 and 2012, the I-4 corridor had voted for the statewide winner. However, in the 2016 and 2020 elections, Republican Donald Trump carried the state without winning the region. The Republicans carried the region three times while the Democrats carried the region five times in the past eight presidential elections. Republicans George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush won more votes than other candidates in 1992, 2000, and 2004, while Democrats Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and Joe Biden captured the region's vote total in the elections of 1996, 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways". FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
  2. ^ "Overview: I-4 Ultimate". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on June 5, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  3. ^ Williams, Timothy (February 16, 2011). "Florida's Governor Rejects High-Speed Rail Line, Fearing Cost to Taxpayers". The New York Times. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  4. ^ Smith, Adam (November 4, 2016). "Florida's I-4 corridor: Where presidents get picked". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  5. ^ Boniface, Russell (November 1, 2001). "Interchange". CE Magazine. American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014. The turbine design, which is rare in the United States, is a first of its kind in North Carolina; another notable example exists at the interchange of I-4 and I-75 in Tampa, Florida.
  6. ^ Maready, Jim (January 9, 2009). "One Year After Tragic I-4 Pileup, Questions Remain". Lakeland Ledger. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014. The Florida Department of Transportation is in the process of installing 10 electronic signs...The system will also include a series of 22 cameras, which can be rotated, and 77 vehicle-detection systems, which will observe the amount of traffic and speed of the vehicles.
  7. ^ Chambliss, John (January 14, 2008). "Fog Has Caused Deaths Before". Ocala Star Banner. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  8. ^ a b "FAQs". I-4 Ultimate. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on March 26, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  9. ^ a b "I-4 Express PD&E Study". i4express.com. Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  10. ^ "Wekiva Parkway (SR 429) Schedule" (PDF). Wekiva Parkway. FDOT/CFX. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  11. ^ a b c Lehman, Mark (October 21, 2022). "Connection from I-4 to Wekiva Parkway opens". ClickOrlando. WKMG-TV. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  12. ^ "408464-1 I-4 Widening from SR 44 to East of I-95". Central Florida Roads. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  13. ^ Staff (2013). "Florida's Rest Area, Service Plaza, Truck Comfort Station (WIM), and Welcome Center Locations". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 6, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  14. ^ "Map of Polk County Rest Area vicinity" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  15. ^ "Map of Seminole County Rest Area vicinity" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  16. ^ Stratton, Jim (September 10, 2001). "Nowhere To Rest, But More Room To Drive". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
  17. ^ Florida Official Transportation Map, 1989 Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Nicholson, Dave (January 2, 2009). New High-Tech Weigh Stations Open Monday On I-4. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  19. ^ "Highways to Your Vacationland". All Florida and TV Week Magazine. The Evening Independent. Jacksonville. June 3, 1962.
  20. ^ "Time Now to Plan for Interstate 4". Editorials. The Evening Independent. Jacksonville. July 14, 1965. p. 10A. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
  21. ^ Yogman, Ron (November 22, 1967). "City Buzzes at Interstate Impact on 1,600 Parcels". The Evening Independent. Jacksonville. p. 2A. Retrieved March 13, 2014; Subsequent articles:
  22. ^ "State Agents Lay Out I-4's Tour to the South". St. Petersburg Times. July 19, 1968. p. 1B. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
  23. ^ "Changing Tampa: Then and Now". Modern Cities. October 2, 2016. Archived from the original on March 3, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  24. ^ Staff. "Florida's Interstate Exit Numbers- I-4". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
  25. ^ "Ghostly Images Seen, Photographed on 'Deadly' Stretch of I-4". Orlando: WKMG-TV. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008.
  26. ^ Boedeker, Hal. "I-4 Dead Zone: Scary legend grows". orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  27. ^ Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  28. ^ "UPDATE 1-Florida governor rejects US high-speed rail funds". Reuters. February 16, 2011. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
  29. ^ "Interstate 4 Deadly Collisions". January 10, 2008. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved April 27, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  30. ^ Staff. "Construction Projects: I-4/I-275 Interchange (operational improvements, completed December 2006)". Tampa Bay Interstates. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  31. ^ Staff (August 8, 2006). "Eastbound I-4 in new alignment". Tampa Bay Interstates. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
  32. ^ "Eastbound I-4 Traffic: New Lanes, New Exit through Ybor City". St. Petersburg: WTSP-TV. August 7, 2006. Archived from the original on February 9, 2013.
  33. ^ "New I-4 Lanes Help Drivers Get to Concert Early". St. Petersburg: WTSP-TV. August 10, 2006.[dead link]
  34. ^ Staff (August 8, 2006). "New Eastbound I-4 Lane Open!". Tampa Bay Interstates (Press release). Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007.
  35. ^ Staff. "I-4/Crosstown Connector Project Page". Tampa Bay Interstates. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on October 14, 2008.
  36. ^ Kunerth, Jeff (July 3, 1989). "Atlanta's Road Work Nearly Finished - For Now". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  37. ^ Staff. "US 192 Interchange_Project Overview". Trans4mation. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2007. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  38. ^ Staff. "I-4 Trans4mation (FSTR 408 Interchange Project)". Trans4mation. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  39. ^ "On the Move". Orlando: Central Florida News 13. April 25, 2006. Archived from the original on May 24, 2006.
  40. ^ Hamburg, Jay (April 26, 2006). "Rising above I-4 Crowds". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  41. ^ "Changes Under Way on I-4". Daytona Beach: WESH-TV. April 26, 2006. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012.
  42. ^ "On the Move". Orlando: Central Florida News 13. April 26, 2006.[dead link]
  43. ^ "408464-1 I-4 widening from SR 44 to East of I-95". Central Florida Roads. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  44. ^ Staff. "Future I-4 Improvements". Moving-4-Ward. Florida Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  45. ^ "FAQs". I-4 Ultimate. Florida Department of Transportation. July 9, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  46. ^ "Special Features". I-4 Ultimate. Florida Department of Transportation. July 9, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  47. ^ "Fairbanks Ave. / Winter Park". I-4 Ultimate. Florida Department of Transportation. July 9, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  48. ^ "I-4 Ultimate Project to Address Dangerous Fairbanks Curve". Orlando: WFTV-TV. February 18, 2015. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  49. ^ Roy, Roger (August 23, 1993). "Express Lanes Lead Alternatives to Avoid I-4 Jams". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  50. ^ Roger, Roy (August 18, 1995). "I-4 Plan: Promote Car Pools, Light Rail". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  51. ^ Tracy, Dan (July 8, 2012). "State Seeks Investors to Help Foot Bill to Build I-4 Toll Lanes". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  52. ^ Orben, Bill (February 4, 2013). "FDOT Gets Backing on $2.1B I-4 Project". Orlando Business Journal. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  53. ^ "FDOT and I-4 Mobility Partners Reach Commercial and Financial Close for I-4 Ultimate Project" (PDF). I-4 Ultimate (Press release). Florida Department of Transportation. September 9, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  54. ^ Fluker, Anjali (November 3, 2014). "FDOT Shares New I-4 Ultimate Design, Construction Milestones". Orlando Business Journal. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
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  57. ^ Spear, Kevin (February 9, 2022). "I-4 Express lanes are expected to open by month's end". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
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  61. ^ "Project Info & Map: Find out what's happening in your area". I-4 Beyond the Ultimate. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  62. ^ "Construction to begin this year for I-4 widening project, DeSantis says". WFLA. April 3, 2024. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  63. ^ Carson, Kris (January 16, 2015). "FDOT Media Advisory" (PDF). Tampa Bay Express (Press release). Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  64. ^ Master Plan Project: I-275 from South of SR 60 to North of MLK Boulevard (3) (PDF) (Map). Florida Department of Transportation. January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015 – via Tampa Bay Express.
  65. ^ "Express Bus in the Tampa Bay Express Lanes (Draft)". Hillsborough County City-County Planning Commission. Archived from the original on September 28, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  66. ^ "Express Bus in Tampa Bay Express Lanes" (PDF). Tampa Bay Express. Florida Department of Transportation. January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.. FDOT said that the project will be completed in the near future.
  67. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Wekiva Parkway. Florida Department of Transportation/Central Florida Expressway. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  68. ^ "Central Polk Parkway". Central Polk Parkway. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 23, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  69. ^ "Draft Summary of Potential Environmental Impacts: Preliminary Corridors" (PDF). I-4 Poinciana Parkway Connector. Florida Department of Transportation. December 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  70. ^ "About the Study". I-4 Poinciana Parkway Connector. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  71. ^ Project Study Area (PDF) (Map). Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015 – via I-4 Poinciana Parkway Connector.
  72. ^ "Florida bill would preserve Interstate 4 route for Brightline extension to Tampa". Trains. January 7, 2024. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  73. ^ Harper, Mark (April 17, 2014). "Volusia Supports $2.5M Study of SunRail to Daytona". Daytona Beach News Journal. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  74. ^ a b Florida Department of Transportation (August 4, 2010). "Florida Department of Transportation Interchange Report" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 8, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
  75. ^ a b c Florida Department of Transportation. "Straight Line Diagrams". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  76. ^ a b "I-4 Interchanges at Daryl Carter Parkway and Sand Lake Road (S.R. 482)". I-4 Beyond the Ultimate. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  77. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "I-4 Express Lanes" (PDF). I-4 Ultimate Improvement Project. Florida Department of Transportation. pp. 4–5. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  78. ^ Trezza, Matt (January 26, 2024). "Wekiva Parkway, 25-mile toll road, officially opens in Central Florida". Fox 35 Orlando. Orlando, Florida: WOFL-TV. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  79. ^ "Scenic Thoroughfare Classification". Land Development Code. Daytona Beach, Florida. Retrieved November 27, 2011 – via Municode.
  80. ^ "Candidates Eye Voters on Florida's I-4". CNN. October 11, 2004.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Interstate 4.
KML file (edit • help)
Template:Attached KML/Interstate 4
KML is from Wikidata

FDOT websites about Interstate 4:

FDOT websites about specific I-4 projects and proposals:

  • I-4 Ultimate—project info about I-4 Ultimate in the Orlando area
  • I-4 Beyond the Ultimate—information about proposed extensions of express lanes on both sides of the I-4 Ultimate project.
  • Tampa Bay Express—information about the proposed express lanes on Interstates 4, 75, & 275 in the Tampa Bay area.
  • I-4 Poinciana Parkway Connector—information about a feasibility study being conducted for a connection between I-4 and the Poinciana Parkway
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interstate_4&oldid=1256432074"