Jōan (era)
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Jōan (承安) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name") after Kaō and before Angen. This period spanned the years from April 1171 through July 1175.[1] The reigning emperor was Takakura-tennō (高倉天皇).[2]
Change of era[edit]
- 1171 Jōan gannen (承安元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kaō 3, on the 21st day of the 4th month of 1171.[3]
Events of the Jōan era[edit]
- 1172 (Jōan 1, 3rd day of the 1st month): The emperor had attained the age of 11 years; accordingly, the hair on his head was shaved as a sign of his coming of age.[4]
- 1171 (Jōan 1, 13th day of the 1st month): The young emperor made a visit to the home of former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, where he first met Tiara-no Tokoku, the adopted daughter of Go-Shirakawa and the actual daughter of Taira no Kiomori. He accepted the 15-year-old girl as one of his consorts, and she moved into his palace.[5]
- 1171 (Jōan 2, 10th day of the 2nd month): Taira Kiyomori's daughter, Tokuko, becomes Emperor Takakura's his secondary empress (chūgo).[6]
- 1172 (Jōan 2, 10th month): Takakura visited the Fushimi Inari-taisha and the Yasaka Shrine.[7]
- 1172 (Jōan 2, 12th month): Matsu motofusa ceased to be regent (sesshō) and daijō-daijin; and he obtained the office of kampaku.[8]
- 1173 (Jōan 3, 1st day of the 4th month): Shinran, founder of Jodo Shinshu, was born and named Matsuwakamaro
- 1173 (Jōan 3, 4th month): The emperor visited the Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines.[7]
- 1173 (Jōan 3, 10th month): The emperor's mother, Ken-shun-mon In, founded the Saishōkō Cloister, which was consecrated at a dedication ceremony in which she was a participant.[9]
- 1174 (Jōan 4, 1st month): The emperor made visits to his father and to his mother.[7]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jō-an" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 427, p. 427, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 195-200; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 330-333; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 212-214.
- ^ Brown, p. 332.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 196; Brown, 331.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 196.
- ^ Kitagawa, H. (1975). The Tale of the Heike, p. 783; Titsingh, p. 197.
- ^ a b c Titsingh, p. 197.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 197; Brown, p. 331.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 197, Brown, p. 333.
References[edit]
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764
External links[edit]
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection