List of Sri Lankan monarchs

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This article is about leaders of the Sinhalese monarchy. It is not to be confused with a list of ethnically Sinhalese monarchs.
King of the Sinhala Kingdom
Royal Standard of the King of Kandy in 1815
Vijaya, the first Sinhalese King
Details
First monarchVijaya
Last monarchSri Vikrama Rajasinha
Formation543 BC
Abolition1815 AD
ResidenceTambapanni, Anuradhapura, Pulatthinagara,[1] Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Gampola, Kotte, Kandy

The Sinhalese monarch was the head of state of the Sinhala Kingdom. Anachronistically referred to as the Kings of Sri Lanka,[N 1] the monarch held absolute power and succession was hereditary. The monarchy comprised the reigning monarch, his or her family, and the royal household which supports and facilitates the monarch in the exercise of his royal duties and prerogatives.

The Sinhalese monarchy has its origins in the settlement of North Indian Indo-Aryan immigrants to the island of Sri Lanka. The Landing of Vijay as described in the traditional chronicles of the island, the Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa and Culavamsa, and later chronicles, recount the date of the establishment of the first Sinhala Kingdom in 543 BC[N 2] when Prince Vijaya (543–505 BC), an Indian Prince, and 700 of his followers landed on the island of Sri Lanka and established the Kingdom of Tambapanni.[2][3] In Sinhalese mythology, Prince Vijaya and followers are told to be the progenitors of the Sinhalese people. However, according to the story in the Divyavadana, the immigrants were probably not led by a scion of a royal house in India, as told in the romantic legend, but rather may have been groups of adventurous and pioneering merchants exploring new lands.[4]

The Sinhala Kingdom concerns the political states of the Sinhalese people and their ancestors; it existed not as one continuous state but has been historically referred to as a series of successive kingdoms known by the city at which its administrative centre was located. These are in chronological order: the kingdoms of Tambapanni, Upatissa Nuwara, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Gampola, Kotte, Sitawaka and Kandy. The kingdoms existed in what is today the modern state of Sri Lanka.[5][6][7][8] The Sinhala Kingdom ceased to exist by 1815 with Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Kandy after generations of European influences and upheaval in the royal court. During the two millennia in which the Kingdom existed, other political entities also existed on the island, including the Jaffna Kingdom,[9] Vanni chieftaincies and the Portuguese and Dutch colonies.[10] However, these political entities were not part of the Sinhala Kingdom.[citation needed]

During the reign of Devanampiya Tissa (307–267 BC) saw the introduction of Buddhism to the country through Ashoka of India.[11] By the time of Kithsirimevan (304–332), Sudatta, the sub king of Kalinga, and Hemamala brought the Tooth Relic of the Buddha to Sri Lanka because of unrest in the country.[12] Kithsirimevan carried it in procession and placed the relic in a mansion named Datadhatughara.[13] He ordered this procession to be held annually, and this is still done as a tradition in the country. The Tooth Relic of the Buddha soon became one of the most sacred objects in the country, and a symbol of kingship. The person who was in possession of the Tooth Relic thereafter would be the rightful ruler of the country.[14]

The role of the monarch was absolute, he was head of state but would be aided with high level officials and a board of ministers. The monarch was seen as the supreme ruler throughout the island, even at times when he did not have absolute control over it.[15] They sought to establish control over the whole island, though in reality this was more of an aspiration. However periods of effective control over the whole island did exist from time to time.[16] The monarch also held judicial power and influence. Judicial customs, traditions and moral principles based on Buddhism were used as the bases of law. The laws and legal measures were proclaimed by the king, and were to be followed by the justice administration.[17] However the king was the final judge in legal disputes, and all cases against members of the royal family and high dignitaries of the state were judged by him. Though, the king did have to exercise this power with care and after consulting with his advisers.[18]

This article is a list of monarchs that have reigned over the nine successive kingdoms under the Sinhalese monarchy.[19][20] It is based on the traditional list of monarchs as recorded in the chronicles of the island, in particular the Mahavamsa and Rajaveliya.[21][22] It is not a list of ethnically Sinhalese monarchs.[how?] It contains all Sinhalese and foreign rulers who have reigned chronologically and in succession. Each legitimate monarch belongs to one of nine royal houses (Vijaya, Lambakanna I, Moriya, Lambakanna II, Vijayabahu, Kalinga, Siri Sanga Bo, Dinajara and Nayaks[N 3]), and follows a tradition of regnal names that span the entirety of the monarchy. For example, Vijayabahu was used 7 times over multiple kingdoms and multiple royal houses over a period of 500 years and there is no overlap of names, Vijayabahu I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII. The same is true for Aggabodhi, Bhuvanaikabahu, Kassapa, Mahinda, Parakramabahu and others. The Sinhalese Monarchy has also been ruled over by foreigners from Southern India which has occurred several times throughout the course of the history of the kingdom. This is usually occurred through the usurpation of the throne.

  Those highlighted in blue are illegitimate foreign monarchs

Notes

This list should be used with the following factors kept in mind. Firstly, the dates provided for the earliest monarchs are difficult to objectively verify; those particularly difficult to know have been denoted with a (?) mark. Also, the island of Sri Lanka has been invaded by many foreign powers over its 2500-year history, mainly from South India, and some seized the throne and made the island part of their empires. Most notable are the Cholas in 985 and British in 1815. The Portuguese and the Dutch, however, did not seize the Kandyan throne but only occupied territory within the island.

Note on chronology

It should be borne in mind that there is controversy about the base date of the Buddhist Era, with 543 BC and 483 BC being advanced as the date of the parinibbana of the Buddha. As Wilhelm Geiger pointed out, the Dipawamsa and Mahawansa are the primary sources for ancient South Asian chronology; they date the consecration (abhisheka) of Ashoka to 218 years after the parinibbana. Chandragupta Maurya ascended the throne 56 years prior to this, or 162 years after the parinibbana. The approximate date of Chandragupta's ascension is within two years of 321 BC (from Megasthenes). Hence the approximate date of the parinibbana is between 485 and 481 BC—which accords well with the Mahayana dating of 483 BC.[23]

According to Geiger, the difference between the two reckonings seems to have occurred at sometime between the reigns of Udaya III (946–954 or 1007–1015) and Pârakkama Pandya (c. 1046–1048), when there was considerable unrest in the country.[23] However, mention is made of an embassy sent to China by Cha-cha Mo-ho-nan in 428. The name may correspond to 'Raja (King) Mahanama', who (by the traditional chronology) reigned about this time.[24]

Furthermore, the traveller-monk Xuanzang, who attempted to visit Sri Lanka about 642, was told by Sri Lankan monks (possibly at Kanchipuram) that there was trouble in the kingdom, so he desisted;[25] this accords with the period of struggle for the throne between Aggabodhi III Sirisanghabo, Jettha Tissa III and Dathopa Tissa I Hatthadpath in 632–643.

Recent indological research has indicated that the Parinibbana of the Buddha may be even later than previously supposed. A majority of the scholars at a symposium held in 1988 in Göttingen regarding the problem were inclined towards a date of 440–360 BCE. However, their calculations were based on the chronology of Tibetan Buddhism, preferred over that of the Dipavamsa/Mahavamasa; the modified chronology, to work, needs to identify the Indian ruler Kalasoka, son of Susunaga, with the Emperor Ashoka, son of Bindusara.[26] It should be noted that the Sri Lankan chronicles are based on even earlier works and that the Theravada Buddhist canon was first put into writing in Sri Lanka. The chronology of the following list is based on the traditional Therevada/Sri Lankan system, which is based on 543 BC—60 years earlier than the Mahayana calendar. Dates after c. 1048 are synchronous.

Kingdom of Tambapanni (543–505 BC)

Main article: Kingdom of Tambapanni

House of Vijaya (543–505 BC)

Main article: House of Vijaya
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Marriages Claim
Vijaya Vijaya ?
Sinhapura
son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali 		505 BC
Tambapanni 		543 BC 505 BC Kuveni
two children Pandu Princess 		Founded Kingdom
Marriage to Kuveni

Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara (505–377 BC)

Main article: Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara

House of Vijaya (505–377 BC)

Main article: House of Vijaya
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Upatissa
(regent) (interregnum of one year)		 - - 505 BC 504 BC *Chief Minister under Vijaya
Panduvasdeva - - 504 BC 474 BC *Nephew of Vijaya
Abhaya - - 474 BC 454 BC *Son of Panduvasdeva
Tissa
(regent) (interregnum of seventeen years)		 - - 454 BC 437 BC *Second son of Panduvasudeva
*younger brother of Abhaya
Pandukabhaya 474 BC 367 BC 437 BC 377 BC *Grandson of Panduvasudeva
*Nephew of Abhaya and Tissa

Anuradhapura Kingdom (377 BC – 1017 AD)

Main article: Anuradhapura Kingdom

House of Vijaya (377–237 BC)

Main article: House of Vijaya
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Pandukabhaya 474 BC 367 BC 377 BC 367 BC *Grandson of Panduvasudeva
*Nephew of Abhaya and Tissa
Mutasiva - - 367 BC 307 BC *Son of Pandukabhaya
Devanampiya Tissa - 267 BC 307 BC 267 BC *Son of Mutasiva
Uttiya - - 267 BC 257 BC *Son of Mutasiva
Mahasiva - - 257 BC 247 BC *Son of Mutasiva
Suratissa - 237 BC 247 BC 237 BC *Son of Pandukabhaya

Sena and Guttika (237–215 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Claim
Sena and Guttika - - 237 BC 215 BC Defeated Suratissa in battle.

House of Vijaya (215–205 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Asela ?
Son of Mutasiva 		205 BC
Anuradhapura 		215 BC 205 BC Son of Mutasiva

Elara (205–161 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Claim
Elara Elara 235 BC
Chola Empire 		161 BC
Anuradhapura 		205 BC 161 BC Defeated Asela in battle

House of Vijaya (161–103 BC)

Main article: House of Vijaya
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Dutugamunu the great
(a.k.a. Dutta Gamini or Dutugemunu or Duttagamini Abaya) 		- - 161 BC 137 BC *Defeated Elara
*Eldest son of Kavan Tissa
*Originally the ruler of Ruhuna
Saddha Tissa - - 137 BC 119 BC *Brother of Dutugemunu
Thulatthana
(Tulna) 		- - 119 BC 119 BC *Second son of Saddha Tissa
Lanja Tissa - - 119 BC 109 BC *Older brother of Thullattana
*Oldest son of Saddha Tissa
Khallata Naga
(Kalunna) 		- - 109 BC 104 BC *Brother of Lanja Tissa
*Third son of Saddha Tissa
Vattagamani Abhaya
(a.k.a. Valagambahu I)
(Walagamba)		 - - 104 BC 103 BC *Fourth son of Saddha Tissa

The Five Dravidans (103–89 BC)

Main article: The Five Dravidians
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Pulahatta - - 103 BC 100 BC *Tamil Chief
Bahiya - - 100 BC 98 BC *Chief Minister of Pulahatha
Panya Mara - - 98 BC 91 BC *Prime Minister of Bahiya
Pilaya Mara - - 91 BC 90 BC *Chief Minister of Panayamara
Dathika - - 90 BC 88 BC *Chief Minister of Pilayamara

House of Vijaya (89 BC – 66 AD)

Main article: House of Vijaya
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vattagamani Abhaya
(a.k.a. Valagambahu I)
(Walagamba)		 - - 89 BC 76 BC *Fourth son of Saddha Tissa
Mahakuli Mahatissa
(Maha Cula Maha Tissa)		 - - 76 BC 62 BC *Son of Khallatanaga
*Nephew and adopted son of Valagambahu I
Chora Naga
(Mahanaga)		 - - 62 BC 50 BC *Son of Valagambahu I
*Cousin of Mahakuli Mahatissa
Kuda Tissa - - 50 BC 47 BC *Son of Mahakuli Mahatissa
Siva I - - 47 BC 47 BC
Vatuka - - 47 BC 47 BC
Darubhatika Tissa - - 47 BC 47 BC
Niliya - - 47 BC 47 BC
Anula - - 47 BC 42 BC *Widow of Chora Naga and Kuda Tissa
Kutakanna Tissa - - 42 BC 20 BC *Brother of Kuda Tissa
*Second son of Mahakuli Mahatissa
Bhatikabhaya Abhaya - - 20 BC 9 AD *Son of Kuttakanna Tissa
Mahadathika Mahanaga - - 9 21 *Brother of Bhatika Abhaya
Amandagamani Abhaya - - 21 30 *Son of Mahadathika Mahanaga
Kanirajanu Tissa - - 30 33 *Brother of Amandagamani Abhaya
Chulabhaya - - 33 35 *Son of Amandagamani Abhaya
Sivali - - 35 35 *Sister of Chulabhaya
Interregnum - - 35 38
Ilanaga
(Elunna)		 - - 38 44 *Nephew of Queen Sivali
Chandamukha - - 44 52 *Son of Ilanaga
Yassalalaka - - 52 60 *Younger brother of Candhamuka Siva
Subharaja
(a.k.a. Subha)		 - - 60 66 *The hall porter of King Yasalaka Tissa

House of Lambakanna I (66–436)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vasabha - - 66 110 *A member of the Lambakanna clan
Vankanasika Tissa - - 110 113 *Son of Vasabha
Gajabahu I - - 113 135 *Son of Vankanasika Tissa
Mahallaka Naga - - 135 141 *Father-in-Law of Gajabahu I
Bhatika Tissa - - 141 165 *Son of Mahallaka Naga
Kanittha Tissa - - 165 193 *Younger brother of Bhatika Tissa
Cula Naga
(a.k.a. Khujjanaga)		 - - 193 195 *Son of Kanitta Tissa
Kuda Naga
(a.k.a. Kunchanaga)		 - - 195 196 *Brother of Cula Naga
Siri Naga I - - 196 215 *Brother-in-Law of Kuda Naga
Voharika Tissa
(a.k.a. Vira Tissa & Voharikathissa)		 - - 215 237 *Son of Siri Naga I
Abhaya Naga - - 237 245 *Brother of Voharaka Tissa
Siri Naga II - - 245 247 *Son of Voharaka Tissa
Vijaya Kumara - - 247 248 *Son of Siri Naga II
Sangha Tissa I - - 248 252 *A Lambakanna
Siri Sangha Bodhi I
(a.k.a. Siri Sangabo)		 - - 252 254 *A Lambakanna
Gothabhaya - - 254 267 *Minister of State
*A Lambakanna
Jettha Tissa I
(a.k.a. Detuthis I)		 - - 267 277 *Eldest son of Gothabhaya
Mahasena - - 277 304 *Brother of Jettha Tissa
*Younger son of Gothabhaya
Sirimeghavanna - - 304 332 *Son of Mahasena
Jettha Tissa II - - 332 341 *Brother of Sirimeghavanna
Buddhadasa - - 341 370 *Son of Jettha Tissa II
Upatissa I - - 370 412 *Eldest son of Buddhadasa
Mahanama - - 412 434 *Brother of Upatissa I
Soththisena - - 434 434 *Mahanama's son born to a Tamil mother
Chattagahaka Jantu
(a.k.a. Chhattagahaka)		 - - 434 435 *Husband of Sangha
*Daughter of Mahanama by his Sinhala Queen
Mittasena - - 435 436 *A noted plunderer

The Six Dravidians (436–463)

Main article: The Six Dravidians
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Pandu - - 436 441 *Pandyan Invader
Parindu - - 441 441 *Son of Pandu
Khudda Parinda - - 441 447 *Younger brother of Pandu
Tiritara - - 447 447 *Fourth Tamil ruler
Dathiya - - 447 450 *Fifth Tamil ruler
Pithiya - - 450 452 *Sixth Tamil ruler

House of Moriya (463–691)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Dhatusena - - 463 479 *Son of Sangha, the daughter of Mahanama
*Liberated Anuradhapura from 27 years of Pandyan Rule
Kashyapa I
(the Usurper),(of Sigiriya)		 - - 479 497 *Son of King Dhatusena by a Pallava woman
Moggallana I - - 497 515 *Son of Dhatusena
*Brother of Kasyapa
Kumara Dhatusena - - 515 524 *Son of Mogallana
Kittisena - - 524 524 *Son of Kumara Dhatusena
Siva II - - 524 525 *Uncle of Kirti Sena
Upatissa II - - 525 526 *Son-in-Law of Kumara Dhatusena
Silakala Ambosamanera - - 526 539 *A prince of Lambakanna stock
Dathappabhuti - - 539 540 *Second son of Silakala
Moggallana II - - 540 560 *Eldest brother of Dathapatissa
Kittisiri Meghavanna - - 560 561 *Son of Mogallana II
Maha Naga - - 561 564 *Minister of War under King Dathapatissa
Aggabodhi I - - 564 598 *Brother of Mahanaga
*Nephew and Sub-King of Mahanaga
Aggabodhi II - - 598 608 *Nephew and son-in-law of Aggabodhi I
Sangha Tissa II - - 608 608 *Brother and Sword-bearer of Aggabodhi II
Moggallana III - - 608 614 *Commander-in-Chief during the reign of Aggabodhi II
Silameghavanna - - 614 623 *King Mogallana's Sword-bearer
Aggabodhi III - - 623 623 *Son of Silimeghavanna
Jettha Tissa III - - 623 624 *Son of King Sangha Tissa
Aggabodhi III
(restored)		 - - 624 640 *Son of Silimeghavanna
Dathopa Tissa I
(Hatthadpatha)		 - - 640 652 *General of Jettha Tissa (Dathasiva)
Kassapa II - - 652 661 *Brother of Agbo II
*Sub-King of Dathopa Tissa
Dappula I - - 661 664 *Son in law of Silimeghavanna
Dathopa Tissa II - 673 664 673 *Nephew of Dathopa Tissa I (Hattha Datha)
Aggabodhi IV - - 673 689 *Younger brother of Dathopa Tissa
Unhanagara Hatthadatha - - 691 691 *A chief of Royal blood who was placed on the throne by a wealthy Tamil Officer

House of Lambakanna II (691–1017)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Manavanna - - 691 726 *Son of Kassapa I
*Descendant of Silamegahavanna
Aggabodhi V - - 726 732 *Son of Manavamma
Kassapa III - - 732 738 *Brother of Aggabodhi V
Mahinda I - - 738 741 *Younger brother of Kassapa III
Aggabodhi VI - - 741 781 *Son of Kassapa III
Aggabodhi VII
(From Polonnaruwa)		 - - 781 787 *Son of Mahinda
Mahinda II
(Silamegha)		 - - 787 807 *Son of Aggabodhi VI
Dappula II - - 807 812 *Son of Mahinda II
*The sub-king of Mahinda II
Mahinda III - - 812 816 *Son of Dappula II
Aggabodhi VIII - - 816 827 *Brother of Mahinda III
Dappula III - - 827 843 *Younger brother of Aggabodhi VIII
Aggabodhi IX - - 843 846 *Son of Dappula III
Sena I - - 846 866 *Younger brother of Aggabodhi IX
Sena II - - 866 901 *Nephew of Sena I
*Son of Kassapa
Udaya I - - 901 912 *Brother of sub-king of Sena II
Kassapa IV - - 912 929 *Son of Sena II
*Sub-king of Udaya I
Kassapa V - - 929 939 *Son of Kassapa IV
Dappula IV - - 939 940 *Son of Kassapa V
Dappula V - - 940 952 *Brother of Dappula IV
Udaya II - - 952 955 *Nephew of Sena II
*Sub-king of Dappula V
Sena III - - 955 964 *Brother of Udaya II
Udaya III - - 964 972 *Sub-king of Sena III (a great friend of the king)
Sena IV - - 972 975 *Son of Kassapa V
*Sub-king of Udaya III
Mahinda IV - - 975 991 *Brother of Sena IV
*Nephew of Udaya III
*Sub-king of Sena
Sena V - - 991 1001 *Son of Mahinda IV
Mahinda V
(Fled and ruled in Ruhuna)
(Deported c. 1017)		 - 1029 1001 1017 *Younger brother of Sena V

Chola-occupied Anuradhapura (1017–1070)

Main article: Chola rule in Sri Lanka

Chola Dynasty (1017–1070)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Rajendra Chola I - 1044 1017 1044 *Son of Raja Raja Chola I
*Made the occupied areas a province of the Chola empire
Rajadhiraja Chola - 1054 1018 1054 *Son of Rajendra
Rajendra Chola II - 1063 1051 1063 *Son of Rajendra
Virarajendra Chola - 1070 1063 1070 *Son of Rajendra
Athirajendra Chola - 1070 1067 1070 *Son of Virarajendra Chola

Kingdom of Polonnaruwa (1056–1236)

Main article: Kingdom of Polonnaruwa

House of Vijayabahu (1056–1187)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vijayabahu I - - 1056 1111 *Member of the Sinhala Royal Family
Jayabahu I
(Polonnaruwa and Ruhuna)		 - - 1110 1111 *Brother of Vijayabahu I
*Prime Minister of Vijayabahu I
Vikramabahu I - 1132 1111 1132 *Son of Vijayabahu I
Gajabahu II - - 1131 1153 *Son of Vikramabahu I
Parakramabahu I 'the Great' 1123 1186 1153 1186 *Grandson of Vijayabahu I
Vijayabahu II - - 1186 1187 *Parakramabahu I's nephew
Mahinda VI - - 1187 1187 *A Kalinga

House of Kalinga (1187–1197)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Nissanka Malla 1157 or 1158 1196 1187 1196 *Son-in-law or nephew to Parakrama Bahu I
Vira Bahu I - - 1196 1196 *Son of Nissanka Malla
Vikramabahu II - - 1196 1196 *Younger brother of Nissanka Malla
Chodaganga - - 1196 1197 *Nephew of Nissanka Malla

House of Vijayabahu, restored (1197–1200)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Queen Lilavati - - 1197 1200 *Widow of Parakramabahu I

House of Kalinga, restored (1200–1209)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Sahassa Malla - - 1200 1202 *Younger brother of Nissanka Malla
Kalyanavati - - 1202 1208 *Queen of Nissanka Malla
Dharmasoka - - 1208 1209 *Deposed Kalyanavati and installed by Ayasmantha
Anikanga - - 1209 1209 *Father of Dharmasoka

House of Vijayabahu, restored (1209–1210)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Lilavati
(1st Restoration)		 - - 1209 1210 *Widow of Parakramabahu I

Lokissara (1210–1211)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Lokissara - - 1210 1211 Leader of a Tamil army.

House of Vijayabahu, restored (1211–1212)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Lilavati
(2nd Restoration)		 - - 1211 1212 *Widow of Parakramabahu I

Pandyan dynasty (1212–1215)

Main article: Pandyan dynasty
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Parakrama Pandya - - 1212 1215 *Pandyan King

Eastern Ganga dynasty (1215–1236)

Main article: Eastern Ganga dynasty

After Kalinga Magha invaded, with the intent of ruling the whole island, the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa was sacked. This caused massive Sinhalese migration to the south and west of the island. Unable to capture the whole island Kalinga Magha establishes the Jaffna kingdom becoming its first monarch. The Jaffna kingdom is situated in modern northern Sri Lanka while the Kingdom of Dambadeniya was established by Vijayabahu III on the rest of the island in around 1220.[27]

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Kalinga Magha - - 1215 1236 *A prince of Kalinga

Kingdom of Dambadeniya (1220–1345)

Main article: Kingdom of Dambadeniya

House of Siri Sanga Bo (1220–1345)

Main article: House of Siri Sanga Bo
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vijayabahu III - - 1220 1224 *A patriotic Prince of Sinhala Royal blood
Parakkamabahu II - - 1234 1269 *Eldest son of Vijaya Bahu III
Vijayabahu IV - October 1270 1267/8 October 1270 *Eldest son of Panditha Parakrama Bahu II
Bhuvanaikabahu I
(from Yapahuwa)		 - - 1271 1283 *Brother of Vijaya Bahu IV
Interregnum - - 1283 1302
Parakkamabahu III
(from Polonnaruwa)		 - - 1302 1310 *Nephew of Buvaneka Bahu I
*Son of Vijaya Bahu IV
Bhuvanaikabahu II
(from Kurunagala)		 - - 1310 1325/6 *Son of Buvaneka Bahu I
*Cousin of Parakrama Bahu III
Parakkamabahu IV
(from Kurunagala)		 - - 1325/6 1325/6 *Son of Buvanekka Bahu II
Bhuvanaikabahu III
(from Kurunagala)		 - - 1325/6 1325/6 *Known as Vanni Buvaneka Bahu
Vijayabahu V
(from Kurunagala)		 - - 1325/6 1344/5 *Second son of Chandra Banu of Jaffnapatnam

Kingdom of Gampola (1345–1412)

Main article: Kingdom of Gampola

House of Siri Sanga Bo (1345–1412)

Main article: House of Siri Sanga Bo
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Bhuvanaikabahu IV - - 1344/5 1353/4 *Son of Vijaya Bahu V
Parakkamabahu V
(from Dedigama)		 1311 - 1344/5 1359 *Son of Vijaya Bahu V
*Brother of Buvaneka Bahu IV
Vikramabahu III - - 1357 1374 *Son of Buvaneka Bahu IV
Bhuvanaikabahu V - - 1372/3 1391/2 *Nissanka Alakeswara's son by the sister of Vikrama Bahu III
Vira Bahu II - - 1391/2 1397 *Brother in law of King Buvaneka Bahu V
Son of Vira Bahu II - - 1397 1397 *Son of Vira Bahu II
Son of Vira Bahu II - - 1397 1397 *Son of Vira Bahu II
Vira Alakesvara
(a.k.a. Vijaya Bahu VI)		 - - 1397 1409
Parakrama Bahu Epa - - 1409 1412 *Grandson of Senalankahikara Senevirat
minister of Bhuvanaikabâhu IV.

Kingdom of Kotte (1412–1597)

Main article: Kingdom of Kotte

House of Siri Sanga Bo (1412–1597)

Main article: House of Siri Sanga Bo
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Parakramabahu VI - - 1412 1467 *Son of Vijaya Bahu VI and his Queen Sunetra Devi
*Or the third son of Chandra Banu of Yapa Patuna (Jaffnapatnam)
Jayabahu II
(Vira Parakrama Bahu VII)		 - - 1467 1472 *Son of Parakrama Bahu II's natural daughter, Ulakudaya Devi
Bhuvanekabahu VI
(a.k.a. Sapumal Kumara)		 - - 1472 1480 *Son of Parakrama Bahu VI
Parakramabahu VII - - 1480 1484
Parakramabahu VIII - - 1484 1518 *Ambulagala Kumara
*Son of Parakrama Bahu VI
Dharma Parakramabahu IX
(from Kelaniya)		 - - 1509 1528 *Son of Vira Parakrama Bahu VIII
Vijayabahu VII - 1521 1509 1521 *Brother of Dharma Parakrama Bahu IX
*Rajah of Menik Kadavara
Bhuvanekabahu VII - 1551 1521 1551 *Eldest son of Vijaya Bahu
Dharmapala
(a.k.a. Dom Joaõ Dharmapala)		 - May 27, 1597 1551 May 27, 1597 *Grandson and heir of Bhuvanekabãhu VII

Kingdom of Sitawaka (1521–1593)

Main article: Kingdom of Sitawaka

House of Siri Sanga Bo (1521–1593)

Main article: House of Siri Sanga Bo
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Mayadunne 1501 1581 1521 1581 *Brother of Bhuvaneka Bahu VII
*Son of Vijaya Bahu VII
Rajasinha I
(a.k.a. Tikiri Banda)		 1544 1593 1581 1593 *Son of Mayadunne

Kingdom of Kandy (1590–1815)

Main articles: List of Kandyan monarchs and Kingdom of Kandy

House of Dinajara (1590–1739)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vimaladharmasuriya I
(a.k.a. Don João da Austria)		 - 1604 1590 1604 *Son of Vijayasundara Bandara
Senarat - 1635 1604 1635 *Cousin of Vimala Dharma Suriya I
Rajasinghe II 1608 6 December 1687 1635 November 25, 1687 *Son of Senarat and Dona Catherina
Vimaladharmasurya II - June 4, 1707 1687 June 4, 1707 *Son of King Rajasinghe II
Vira Narendra Sinha
(a.k.a. Sri Vira Parakrama Narendra Singha)		 1690 13 May 1739 June 4, 1707 13 May 1739 *Son of Vimala Dharma Suriya II

House of Kandy Nayakar (1739–1815)

Main article: Nayaks of Kandy
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Marriages Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha ?
Madurai, Madurai Nayak dynasty
son of Pitti Nayakkar 		11 August 1747
Kandy 		13 May 1739 11 August 1747 1 Madurai Spouse Brother-in-law of Vira Narendra Sinha
Kirti Sri Rajasinha 1734
Madurai, Madurai Nayak dynasty
son of Narenappa Nayakkar 		2 January 1782
Kandy 		11 August 1747 2 January 1782 6 Madurai Spouses
Yakada Doli
2 sons, 6 daughters 		Brother-in-law of Sri Vijaya Rajasinha
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha ?
Madurai
son of Narenappa Nayakkar 		26 July 1798
Kandy 		2 January 1782 26 July 1798 Queen Upendramma Brother of Kirti Sri Rajasinha
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha
(a.k.a. Rajasinha IV; Kannasamy) 		1780
Madurai
son of Sri Venkata Perumal and Subbamma Nayaka 		30 January 1832
Vellore Fort, Company rule in India 		26 July 1798 5 March 1815 4 spouses
3 children 		Nephew of Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha

End of monarchy

In 1796 the British first entered the island and gained control of the coastal areas from the Dutch. After the Kandyan Wars and the signing of the Kandyan Convention in 1815 the island recognized the British monarch as Sovereign, ending over 2000 years of Sri Lankan indigenous monarchy.

Timeline

Kingdom of KandyKingdom of SitawakaKingdom of KotteKingdom of GampolaKingdom of DambadeniyaKingdom of PolonnaruwaChola occupation of AnuradhapuraAnuradhapura KingdomKingdom of Upatissa NuwaraKingdom of TambapanniNayaks of KandyHouse of DinajaraHouse of Siri Sanga BoHouse of KalingaHouse of VijayabahuHouse of Lambakanna IIHouse of MoriyaHouse of Lambakanna IHouse of VijayaHouse of VijayaHouse of VijayaHouse of Vijaya

Notes

  1. ^ The name Sri Lanka refers to the modern democratic state.
  2. ^ This is the most common date.
  3. ^ The Nayaks were not an ethnically Sinhalese royal house, nonetheless are considered a part of the Sinhalese monarchy.

References

  1. ^ "Anurādhapura". www.palikanon.com. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  2. ^ Mittal (2006) p 405
  3. ^ "483 BC – Arrival of Aryans to Sri Lanka". scenicsrilanka.com. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
  4. ^ Paranavithana (1936) p 459
  5. ^ Cavendish, Marshall (2007). World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia. Cavendish Square Publishing. pp. 350–51. ISBN 978-0761476313.
  6. ^ Bandaranayake, S. D. (1974). Sinhalese Monastic Architecture: The Viháras of Anurádhapura. Leiden: BRILL. p. 17. ISBN 9004039929.
  7. ^ De Silva, K. M. (1981). A History of Sri Lanka. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0195616552.
  8. ^ Blaze, L. E. (1938). History of Ceylon. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-8120618411.
  9. ^ Manogaran, Chelvadurai (1987). Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0824811167.
  10. ^ Malalgoda, Kitsiri (1976). Buddhism in Sinhalese Society, 1750-1900: A Study of Religious Revival and Change. University of California Press. p. 29. ISBN 0520028732.
  11. ^ Mendis (1999), p. 11
  12. ^ Blaze (1995), p. 58
  13. ^ Wijesooriya (2006), p. 89
  14. ^ Blaze (1995), p. 59
  15. ^ Perera (2001), p. 48
  16. ^ De Silva (1981), p. 21
  17. ^ Rambukwelle (1993), p. 38
  18. ^ Siriweera (2004), p. 92
  19. ^ Ratnatunga, Rhajiv. "LIST OF THE SOVEREIGNS OF LANKA". lakdiva.org. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  20. ^ de Silva, K. M. (2005). A History of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka: Penguin Books India. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  21. ^ Gunasekara, B. (1900). The Rajavaliya : or, A historical narrative of Sinhalese kings from Vijaya to Vimala Dharma Surya II. Colombo: Government Printer, Ceylon. ISBN 81-206-1029-6. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  22. ^ "The Mahavamsa: Original Version Chapters 1 – 37". Mahavamsa.org. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  23. ^ a b Geiger (Tr), Wilhelm (1912). The Mahawamsa or Great Chronicle of Ceylon. Oxford: Oxford University Press (for the Pali Text Society). p. 300. Archived from the original on 2008-10-30. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ S G M Weerasinghe, A history of the cultural relations between Sri Lanka and China: an aspect of the Silk Route, Colombo: Central Cultural Fund, 1995, ISBN 955-613-055-1, p.40
  25. ^ Stephen Spencer Gosch, Peter N. Stearns, Premodern Travel in World History, Routledge, 2008; ISBN 0-415-22940-5, p.93
  26. ^ Cousins, L. S. "The Dating of the Historical Buddha: A Review Article". indology. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  27. ^ Codrington, Humphry William. "The Dambadeniya And Gampola Kings". lakdiva.org. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

Further reading

Primary sources

Secondary sources

  • De Silva, K. M. (1981). A History of Sri Lanka. India: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04320-0.
  • Blaze, L. E (1995). History of Ceylon. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-1074-3.
  • de Silva, K. M. (2005). A History of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa. p. 782. ISBN 955-8095-92-3.
  • Mendis, Ranjan Chinthaka (1999). The Story of Anuradhapura. Lakshmi Mendis. ISBN 978-955-96704-0-7.
  • Mittal, J. P. (2006). "Other dynasties". History of Ancient India: From 4250 BC to 637 AD. Vol. Volume 2 of History of Ancient India: A New Version. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 81-269-0616-2. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  • Nicholas, C. W.; Paranavitana, S. (1961). A Concise History of Ceylon. Colombo University Press.
  • Perera, Lakshman S. (2001). The Institutions of Ancient Ceylon from Inscriptions. Vol. 1. International Centre for Ethnic Studies. ISBN 978-955-580-055-6.
  • Rambukwelle, P. B. (1993). Commentary on Sinhala Kingship — Vijaya to Kalinga Magha. Sridevi Printers. ISBN 978-955-95565-0-3.
  • Siriweera, W. I. (2004). History of Sri Lanka. Dayawansa Jayakodi & Company. ISBN 978-955-551-257-2.
  • Wijesooriya, S. (2006). A Concise Sinhala Mahavamsa. Participatory Development Forum. ISBN 978-955-9140-31-3.
  • Paranavithana, Senarath (July 1936). "Two Royal Titles of the Early Sinhalese, and the Origin of Kingship in Ancient Ceylon". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (3): 443–462.

External links

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