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Men's 100 metres world record progression

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IAAF-ratified world record progression for the men's 100 m.

The first record in the 100 metres for men (athletics) was recognised by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as the International Association of Athletics Federations, in 1912. The record now is 9.58 seconds which was run by Usain Bolt.

As of 21 June 2011, the IAAF had ratified 67 records in the event, not including rescinded records.[1]

Unofficial progression before the IAAF

Time Athlete Nationality Location of races Date
10.8 Luther Cary  United States Paris, France July 4, 1891
Cecil Lee  United Kingdom Brussels, Belgium September 25, 1892
Etienne De Re  Belgium Brussels, Belgium August 4, 1893
L. Atcherley  United Kingdom Frankfurt/Main, Germany April 13, 1895
Harry Beaton  United Kingdom Rotterdam, Netherlands August 28, 1895
Harald Anderson-Arbin  Sweden Helsingborg, Sweden August 9, 1896
Isaac Westergren  Sweden Gävle, Sweden September 11, 1898
 Sweden Gävle, Sweden September 10, 1899
Frank Jarvis  United States Paris, France July 14, 1900
Walter Tewksbury  United States Paris, France July 14, 1900
Carl Ljung  Sweden Stockholm, Sweden September 23, 1900
Walter Tewksbury  United States Philadelphia, United States October 6, 1900
André Passat  France Bordeaux, France June 14, 1903
Louis Kuhn  Switzerland Bordeaux, France June 14, 1903
Harald Grønfeldt  Denmark Aarhus, Denmark July 5, 1903
Eric Frick  Sweden Jönköping, Sweden August 9, 1903
10.6 Knut Lindberg  Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden August 26, 1906
10.5 Emil Ketterer  Germany Karlsruhe, Germany July 9, 1911
Richard Rau  Germany Braunschweig, Germany August 13, 1911
Richard Rau  Germany Munich, Germany May 12, 1912
Erwin Kern  Germany Munich, Germany May 26, 1912

IAAF record progression

Ratified
Not ratified
Ratified but later rescinded

Records 1912–1976

Time Wind Auto Athlete Nationality Location of race Date Ref
10.6 Donald Lippincott  United States Stockholm, Sweden July 6, 1912 [2]
Jackson Scholz  United States September 16, 1920 [2]
10.4 Charlie Paddock  United States Redlands, USA April 23, 1921 [2]
0.0 Eddie Tolan  United States Stockholm, Sweden August 8, 1929 [2]
Copenhagen, Denmark August 25, 1929 [2]
10.3 Percy Williams  Canada Toronto, Canada August 9, 1930 [2]
Arthur Jonath  Germany Bochum, Germany July 5, 1932 [3]
0.4 10.38 Eddie Tolan  United States Los Angeles, USA August 1, 1932 [2]
0.4 10.38 Ralph Metcalfe  United States Los Angeles, USA August 1, 1932 [3]
Ralph Metcalfe  United States Budapest, Hungary August 12, 1933 [2]
Eulace Peacock  United States Oslo, Norway August 6, 1934 [2][4]
Chris Berger  Netherlands Amsterdam, Netherlands August 26, 1934 [2]
Ralph Metcalfe  United States Osaka, Japan September 15, 1934 [2]
2.0 Dairen, China September 23, 1934 [2]
2.5 Takayoshi Yoshioka  Japan Tokyo, Japan June 15, 1935 [2]
10.2 1.2 Jesse Owens  United States Chicago, USA June 20, 1936 [2]
-0.9 Harold Davis  United States Compton, USA June 6, 1941 [2]
0.7 Lloyd LaBeach  Panama Fresno, USA May 15, 1948 [2]
10.35 Barney Ewell  United States Evanston, United States July 9, 1948 [2]
0.0 McDonald Bailey  Great Britain Belgrade, Yugoslavia August 25, 1951 [2]
1.1 Heinz Fütterer  West Germany Yokohama, Japan October 31, 1954 [2]
0.9 Bobby Morrow  United States Houston, USA May 19, 1956 [2]
-1.0 Ira Murchison  United States Compton, USA June 1, 1956 [2]
0.0 Bobby Morrow  United States Bakersfield, USA June 22, 1956 [2]
-1.3 Ira Murchison  United States Los Angeles, USA June 29, 1956 [2]
-0.4 Bobby Morrow  United States
10.1 0.7 Willie Williams  United States Berlin, Germany August 3, 1956 [2]
1.0 Ira Murchison  United States Berlin, Germany August 4, 1956 [2]
1.5 Leamon King  United States Ontario, USA October 20, 1956 [2]
0.9 Santa Ana, USA October 27, 1956 [2]
1.3 Ray Norton  United States San Jose, USA April 18, 1959 [2]
10.0 0.9 10.25 Armin Hary  West Germany Zürich, Switzerland June 21, 1960 [2]
1.8 Harry Jerome  Canada Saskatoon, Canada July 15, 1960 [2]
0.0 Horacio Esteves  Venezuela Caracas, Venezuela August 15, 1964 [2]
1.3 10.06 Bob Hayes  United States Tokyo, Japan October 15, 1964 [2]
2.0 10.17 Jim Hines  United States Modesto, USA May 27, 1967 [2]
1.8 Enrique Figuerola  Cuba Budapest, Hungary June 17, 1967 [2]
0.0 Paul Nash  South Africa Krugersdorp, South Africa April 2, 1968 [2]
1.1 Oliver Ford  United States Albuquerque, USA May 31, 1968 [2]
2.0 10.20 Charles Greene  United States Sacramento, USA June 20, 1968 [2]
2.0 10.28 Roger Bambuck  France
9.9 0.8 10.03 Jim Hines  United States Sacramento, USA June 20, 1968 [2]
0.9 10.14 Ronnie Ray Smith  United States
0.9 10.10 Charles Greene  United States
0.3 9.95 Jim Hines  United States Mexico City, Mexico October 14, 1968 [2]
0.0 Eddie Hart  United States Eugene, USA July 1, 1972 [2]
0.0 Rey Robinson  United States
1.3 Steve Williams  United States Los Angeles, USA June 21, 1974 [2]
1.7 Silvio Leonard  Cuba Ostrava, Czechoslovakia June 5, 1975 [2]
0.0 Steve Williams  United States Siena, Italy July 16, 1975 [2]
-0.2 Berlin, Germany August 22, 1975 [2]
0.7 Gainesville, USA March 27, 1976 [2]
0.7 Harvey Glance  United States Columbia, USA April 3, 1976 [2]
Baton Rouge, USA May 1, 1976 [2]
1.7 Don Quarrie  Jamaica Modesto, USA May 22, 1976 [2]

The first manual time of 9.9 seconds was recorded for Bob Hayes in the final of the 100 metres at the 1964 Olympics. Hayes' official time of 10.0 seconds was determined from the electronic time of 10.06 and rounding down to the nearest tenth of a second to give the appearance of a manual time. This method was unique to the Olympics of 1964 and 1968. The officials at the track recorded Hayes' time as 9.9 seconds.[5]

Records from 1977

From 1975, the IAAF accepted separate automatically electronically timed records for events up to 400 metres. Starting January 1, 1977, the IAAF required fully automatic timing to the hundredth of a second for these events.[2]

Jim Hines' October 1968 Olympic gold medal run was the fastest recorded fully electronic 100 metre race to that time, at 9.95.[2] Track and Field News has compiled an unofficial list of automatically timed records starting with the 1964 Olympics and Bob Hayes' gold medal performance there. Those marks are included in the progression.

Time Wind Auto Athlete Nationality Location of race Date Notes[note 1]
10.06 1.3 Bob Hayes  United States Tokyo, Japan October 15, 1964 [6]
10.03 0.8 Jim Hines  United States Sacramento, USA June 20, 1968 [6]
10.02 2.0 Charles Greene  United States Mexico City, Mexico October 13, 1968 A[6]
9.95 0.3 Jim Hines  United States Mexico City, Mexico October 14, 1968 OR, A[2]
9.93 1.4 Calvin Smith  United States Colorado Springs, USA July 3, 1983 A[2]
9.83 1.0 Ben Johnson  Canada Rome, Italy August 30, 1987 [note 2]
9.93 1.1 Carl Lewis  United States Rome, Italy August 30, 1987 [6][7][note 3]
1.1 Zürich, Switzerland August 17, 1988 [2]
9.92 1.1 Carl Lewis  United States Seoul, South Korea September 24, 1988 OR[note 2][2]
9.90 1.9 Leroy Burrell  United States New York, USA June 14, 1991 [2]
9.86 1.0 Carl Lewis  United States Tokyo, Japan August 25, 1991 [2]
9.85 1.2 Leroy Burrell  United States Lausanne, Switzerland July 6, 1994 [2]
9.84 0.7 9.835 Donovan Bailey  Canada Atlanta, USA July 27, 1996 OR[2][8]
9.79 0.1 Maurice Greene  United States Athens, Greece June 16, 1999 [2]
9.78 2.0 Tim Montgomery  United States Paris, France September 14, 2002 [9][note 4]
9.77 1.6 9.768 Asafa Powell  Jamaica Athens, Greece June 14, 2005 [2]
1.7 9.766 Justin Gatlin  United States Doha, Qatar May 12, 2006 [6][10][note 5]
1.5 9.763 Asafa Powell  Jamaica Gateshead, England June 11, 2006 [2]
1.0 9.762 Zürich, Switzerland August 18, 2006 [2]
9.74 1.7 Asafa Powell  Jamaica Rieti, Italy September 9, 2007 [1]
9.72 1.7 Usain Bolt  Jamaica New York, USA May 31, 2008 [2]
9.69 0.0 9.683 Beijing, China August 16, 2008 OR[2]
9.58 0.9 9.572 Berlin, Germany August 16, 2009 [1][11][12]

Low altitude record progression 1968–87

The IAAF considers marks set at high altitude as acceptable for record consideration. However, high altitude can significantly assist sprint performances.[13] One estimate suggests times in the 200m sprint can be assisted by 0.09 s to 0.14 s with the maximum allowable tailing wind (2.0 m/s), and gain 0.3 s at altitudes over 2000 m.[14] For this reason, unofficial low-altitude record lists have been compiled.

After the IAAF started to recognize only electronic times in 1977, the then-current record and subsequent record were both set at altitude. It was not until 1987 that the world record was equaled or surpassed by a low-altitude performance. The following progression of low-altitude records therefore starts with Hines's low-altitude "record" when the IAAF started to recognize only electronic timing in 1977, and continues to Lewis's low-altitude performance that equalled the high-altitude world record in 1987. (Ben Johnson's 9.95 run in 1986 and 9.83 run in 1987 are omitted.)

Time Athlete Nationality Location of race Date
10.03 Jim Hines [6]  United States Sacramento, USA June 20, 1968
10.03 Silvio Leonard[6]  Cuba Havana, Cuba September 13, 1977
10.02 James Sanford[6]  United States Westwood, USA May 11, 1980
10.00 Carl Lewis[6]  United States Dallas, USA May 16, 1981
10.00 Carl Lewis[6]  United States Modesto, USA May 15, 1982
9.97 Carl Lewis[6]  United States Modesto, USA May 14, 1983
9.97 Calvin Smith[6]  United States Zürich, Switzerland August 24, 1983
9.96 Mel Lattany[6]  United States Athens, USA May 5, 1984
9.93 Carl Lewis[6]  United States Rome, Italy August 30, 1987

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "A" stands for records set more than 1,000 metres above sea level, "OR" stands for Olympic records
  2. ^ a b Ben Johnson's time of 9.79 on September 24, 1988 was disallowed and never ratified as a record as he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. Johnson subsequently admitted to steroid use between 1981 and 1988, and his world record of 9.83 set on August 30, 1987 was rescinded by the IAAF Council in September 1989.(Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37)
  3. ^ Carl Lewis's two performances at 9.93 were deemed by the IAAF to have equalled the world record after Ben Johnson's 9.83 time was rescinded, but were never ratified as world records; Lewis's 9.92, his gold-medal winning time at the Seoul Olympics after Johnson was disqualified, was recognized as the world record from January 1, 1990.
  4. ^ Tim Montgomery's time of 9.78 from September 14, 2002 was rescinded following disqualification for banned drug use; a ruling in 2005 on his involvement with BALCO scandal also rescinded all records and medals from 2001 onwards. By that time, however, it had been surpassed by Asafa Powell.[1]
  5. ^ Justin Gatlin was briefly credited with a new world record time of 9.76. The IAAF announced five days later that the official timers, Tissot Timing, had discovered that time was incorrect as Gatlin's time was 9.766 and had erroneously been rounded down to the nearest hundredth instead of rounded up. This time instead made Gatlin co-world record holder with Asafa Powell.[2] However, in 2007 this record was rescinded following Gatlin's failed doping test.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c "IAAF World Championships: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Daegu 2011". Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2011. pp. Pages 595, 596. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. pp. Pages 546, 547. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2009. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; June 29, 2011 suggested (help)
  3. ^ a b "Photographs and pictures of". Sporting Heroes. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  4. ^ http://www.si.com/longform/peacock/index.html This source gives a pretty articulate timeline that has Peacock achieving the record on the same date in 1935 and specifies Basel, Switzerland
  5. ^ revisionist history: men's 100 WR. Track and Field News. November 1, 2013
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Stat Corner: 100 WR Progression". Track & Field News. 61 (7): 55. July 2008.
  7. ^ Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37
  8. ^ http://myweb.lmu.edu/jmureika/track/splits/splits.html#96og
  9. ^ "100m World Record falls to Montgomery - 9.78!". IAAF. 14 September 2002. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
  10. ^ Frank Litsky (May 18, 2006). "Gatlin Must Share 100-Meter Record". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
  11. ^ "12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics - Berlin 2009 - Bolt again! 9.58 World record in Berlin!". Berlin.iaaf.org. 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  12. ^ "World records set at Berlin World Championships have been ratified". iaaf.org. 2009-09-30. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  13. ^ "Effect of wind speed and altitude on sprint times". www.brianmac.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
  14. ^ "IngentaConnect Modeling wind and altitude effects in the 200 m sprint". www.ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
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