Ndonga dialect
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Hessamnia (talk | contribs) at 02:11, 10 May 2016. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Ndonga | |
---|---|
ndonga | |
Native to | Namibia and southern Angola |
Region | Ovamboland |
Native speakers | 810,000 (2006)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | ng |
ISO 639-2 | ndo |
ISO 639-3 | ndo |
Glottolog | ndon1254 |
R.22 [2] | |
Linguasphere | 99-AUR-lc |
Ndonga, also called Oshindonga, is a Bantu language spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Kwanyama, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form. With 281,500 speakers, the language has the largest number of speakers in Namibia.
Martti Rautanen translated the Bible into the Ndonga standard.[3]
Phonology
Vowels
Oshinonga uses a five-vowel system:
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i | u |
Mid | e | o |
Open | a |
Consonants
Oshinonga contains the following consonant phonemes:
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ŋ̊ | ||
voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
voiced | b | d | g | |||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | h |
voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | ||
Approximant | central | w | ð | j | ||
lateral | l |
Oshinonga also contains many consonant compounds, listed below:
- m̥pʰ
- n̥tʰ
- n̥kʰ
- m̥pʰw
- n̥tʰw
- n̥kʰw
- n̥th
- n̥dz
- n̥tsʰ
- xw
- tsˈ (voiceless, ejective, alveolor affricate)
- psʲˈ (voiceless, palatalized, labio-alveolar affricate)
References
- ^ Ndonga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ "Namiweb.com". Namibweb.com. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
- Fivaz, Derek (2003). A Reference Grammar of Oshindonga (2 ed.). Windhoek: Out of Africa Publishers.
External links
Official language | |
---|---|
National languages | |
Non-official |
Official language | |
---|---|
Recognized regional | |
Other Bantu languages | |
Khoisan | |
Sign languages | |
Immigrant languages |
Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–S) (by Guthrie classification) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
National | |
---|---|
Other |
This Bantu language-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- Pages containing links to subscription-only content
- Language articles citing Ethnologue 18
- Languages with ISO 639-2 code
- Languages with ISO 639-1 code
- Articles with BNF identifiers
- Articles with BNFdata identifiers
- Articles with J9U identifiers
- Articles with LCCN identifiers
- Articles with SUDOC identifiers
- All stub articles