Sabahan languages

Sabahan
Geographic distribution	Sabah, Borneo
Linguistic classification	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian North Bornean Sabahan
Language codes
Glottolog	nort3172  (Northeast Sabahan) sout3154  (Southwest Sabahan)

The Sabahan languages are a group of Austronesian languages centered on the Bornean province of Sabah.

Languages

Blust (2010)

The constituents are separated into two families in Blust (2010):

Northeast Sabahan

• Banggi (2)
• Ida’anic

Southwest Sabahan

• Dusunic (15)
• Paitanic (4)
• Murutic (7)
• Tidong (5)

Lobel (2013)

Lobel (2013, p. 47, 361) proposes the following internal classification of Southwest Sabahan, based on phonological and morphological evidence.

• Greater Dusunic
  • Dusunic
  • Bisaya-Lotud
  • Paitanic
• Greater Murutic
  • Murutic
  • Tatana
  • Papar

Lobel (2013:367-368) lists the following Proto-Southwest Sabahan phonological innovations that were developed from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian. (Note: PSWSAB stands for Proto-Southwest Sabahan, while PMP stands for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.)

• PMP *h > PSWSAB Ø
• PMP *a > PSWSAB *ə / _# (possibly be an areal feature in Sabah or northern Borneo, since this is also found in Idaanic)
• PMP *R > PSWSAB *h / (a,i,u)_(a,ə,u)
• PMP *R > PSWSAB *g / ə_
• PMP *-m- > ø in PSWSAB reflexes of the PMP pronoun forms *kami ‘1EXCL.NOM’, *mami ‘1EXCL.GEN’, and *kamu ‘2PL.NOM’
• Reduction of most PMP consonant clusters to either singletons or prenasalized clusters

Smith (2017)

Smith (2017) proposes a North Borneo group comprising the North Sarawak, Northeast Sabah, and Southwest Sabah branches.

• North Sarawak
  • Bintulu
  • Berawan–Lower Baram
  • Dayic
  • Kenyah
• Northeast Sabah (Bonggi, Idaanic)
• Southwest Sabah
  • Greater Dusunic
    • Bisaya-Lotud-Dusunic
      • Bisaya-Lotud (Sabah and Limbang Bisaya, Brunei Dusun, Lotud)
      • Dusunic (Rungus, Kadazan, Kujau, Minokok, Dusun, Dumpas)
    • Paitanic (Beluran, Lingkabau, Lobu, Kuamut, Murut Serudong)
  • Greater Murutic
    • Tatana
    • Papar
    • Murutic (Murut (Nabaay, Timugon, Paluan, Tagol, Kalabakan), Gana, Tingalan, Kolod, Abai, Bulusu, Tidung (Bengawong, Sumbol, Kalabakan, Mensalong, Malinau))

References

• K. Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. Routledge, 2005.
• King, Julie K., and John Wayne King. 1984. Languages of Sabah: A survey report. C-78. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University.
• Lobel, Jason William. 2013. Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction. Ph.D. dissertation. Manoa: University of Hawai'i at Manoa.