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Sherrod Brown

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Sherrod Brown
United States Senator
from Ohio
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2007
Serving with Rob Portman
Preceded byMike DeWine
Ranking Member of the Senate Banking Committee
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2015
Preceded byMike Crapo
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 13th district
In office
January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2007
Preceded byDon Pease
Succeeded byBetty Sutton
47th Secretary of State of Ohio
In office
January 12, 1983 – January 14, 1991
GovernorDick Celeste
Preceded byTony Celebrezze
Succeeded byBob Taft
Member of the Ohio House of Representatives
from the 61st district
In office
January 3, 1975 – December 31, 1982
Preceded byJoan Douglass
Succeeded byFrank Sawyer
Personal details
Born
Sherrod Campbell Brown

(1952-11-09) November 9, 1952 (age 72)
Mansfield, Ohio, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)Larke Ummel (Divorced 1987)
Connie Schultz
ChildrenEmily
Elizabeth
Caitlin
Andy
Alma materYale University
Ohio State University
Signature
WebsiteSenate website

Sherrod Campbell Brown (born November 9, 1952) is the senior United States Senator from Ohio, in office since January 3, 2007. Brown is a member of the Democratic Party. Before his election to the Senate, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Ohio's 13th congressional district from 1993 to 2007. He previously served as the Ohio Secretary of State (1983–1991) and as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives (1974–1982).

Brown defeated two-term Republican incumbent Mike DeWine in the 2006 Senate election and was re-elected in 2012, defeating state Treasurer Josh Mandel. In the Senate, he was chairman of the Agriculture Subcommittee on Hunger, Nutrition and Family Farms and the Banking Subcommittee on Economic Policy, and is also a member of the Committee on Finance, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, and Select Committee on Ethics. Beginning in January 2015 at the start of the 114th Congress, Brown became the Ranking Democratic Member on the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.[1] Following Hillary Clinton's loss to Donald Trump in the 2016 election, Brown's name was one of the first mooted as being a possible 2020 Democratic presidential candidate.[2]

Early life, education, and academic career

Brown was born in Mansfield, Ohio, the son of Emily (née Campbell) and Charles Gailey Brown, M.D.[3] He was named after his maternal grandfather. He became an Eagle Scout in 1967. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Russian studies from Yale University in 1974. At Yale, he lived in Davenport College. While in college, Brown volunteered for liberal politicians such as George McGovern.[4] He went on to receive a Master of Public Administration degree and a Master of Arts degree in education from Ohio State University in Columbus in 1979 and 1981, respectively. He taught at the Mansfield branch campus of Ohio State University from 1979 to 1981.[5] He backpacked in India during the Emergency imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[6]

Early political career

During his senior year in college, Brown was recruited by a local Democratic leader to run for Ohio's state house.[4] Brown served as a state representative in Ohio from 1974 to 1982. At the time of his election to the Ohio House, he was the youngest person elected to that body.[7] In 1982, Brown ran for Ohio Secretary of State to succeed Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr. Brown won a four-way Democratic primary that included Dennis Kucinich, then defeated Republican Virgil Brown in the general election. In 1986, Brown won re-election, defeating Vincent C. Campanella. As Secretary of State, Brown focused on voter registration outreach.[4] In 1990, Brown lost re-election in a heated campaign against Republican Bob Taft.[4]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

Congressman Brown
Brown's signature on an official document from his office as Secretary of State of Ohio, 1990.

In 1992, Brown moved from Mansfield to Lorain, Ohio, and won a heavily contested Democratic primary for the open seat for Ohio's 13th district, located in the western and southern suburbs of Cleveland, after eight-term incumbent Don Pease announced his retirement. The Democratic-leaning district gave him an easy win over the little-known Republican Margaret R. Mueller. He was re-elected six times.[8]

Tenure

The Democrats lost their long-held House majority in the 1994 elections, and Democrats remained in the minority for the remainder of Brown's tenure. As ranking member of the Energy and Commerce Health subcommittee, Brown successfully advocated for increased funding to fight tuberculosis.[4]

In 2001, the Republican-controlled legislature considered redrawing Brown's district. Some top Democrats urged Brown to relocate and take on fellow Democrat James Traficant after he defected when he voted to elect Republican Dennis Hastert as speaker of the U.S. House.[9]

Sherrod Brown in 2004

In 2005, Brown led the Democratic effort to block the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). For many months, Brown worked as whip on the issue, securing Democratic "nay" votes and seeking Republican allies. After several delays, the House of Representatives finally voted on CAFTA after midnight on July 28, 2005, which ended in passage by one vote.[10]

He opposed an amendment to Ohio's constitution that banned same-sex marriage.[11] Brown was also one of the few U.S. Representatives to vote against the Defense of Marriage Act in 1996.[12]

Committee assignments

Brown was the ranking minority member on the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Health Subcommittee. He also served on the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet and the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection. While serving on the House International Relations Committee, he was also a member of the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. [13]

U.S. Senate

Issues

Official photo of Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH) 2009

Foreign policy

Senator Sherrod Brown speaks at the kickoff breakfast for Lorain International Festival

Brown opposed the Iraq War and voted against the Iraq Resolution as a House Representative.[14] He voted against the $87 billion war budgetary supplement. He also voted for redeploying US troops out of Iraq by March 2008.[15]

In 2008, Brown joined 91 other senators in voting for the Iraq and Afghanistan War Funding, Unemployment Benefits Extension, and GI Bill, which required the Department of Defense to provide a timetable for achieving security in Iraq, provided education funding for veterans, extended unemployment compensation, and appropriated funds to combat drug trafficking, reduce Medicaid fraud, assist victims of natural disasters, and fund the Department of Defense.[16]

In 2012, he co-sponsored a resolution to "oppose any policy that would rely on containment as an option in response to the Iranian nuclear threat"[17] while also joined bipartisan effort to urge Obama Administration to step up pressure, including strengthening sanctions, cooperating with U.S. allies and military readiness, to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons. [18]In 2015, Brown co-sponsored an amendment to the budget which unanimously approved by the Senate that would reimpose sanctions on Iran if it violated the interim or final agreement that has paused its nuclear activities.[19]

From U.S. House of Representatives to Senate, Sherrod Brown strongly supported the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances as cornerstones of United States-Taiwan relations.[20][21][22][23][24][25]

Weeks after the 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign and Umbrella Movement broke out which demanded genuine universal suffrage among other goals, the Congressional-Executive Commission on China chair Senator Brown and co-chair U.S. Rep. Chris Smith along with bipartisan Senators Ben Cardin, Marco Rubio, Roger Wicker, Dianne Feinstein, Jeff Merkley and Democratic Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi, Congressmen Dan Lipinski and Frank Wolf introduced Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act which would update the United States–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 and U.S. commitment to Hong Kong's freedom and democracy. "Hong Kong's autonomy and freedoms are under threat from China. We must strongly support the universal rights of the people of Hong Kong, including free and fair elections in 2017 and beyond,” Brown said.[26][27][28][29][30][31]

Anti-terrorism

He voted in favor of the 2012 NDAA that sparked controversy over indefinite detention of US citizens.[32]

In January 2016, Senator Brown introduced a bill in Congress which would restrict ISIS’ financing by authorizing tough new sanctions on foreign financial institutions that knowingly facilitate financial transactions with ISIS and other terrorist threats. His bill also called for tightening international passport regulations and additional screening of those attempting to enter the U.S. on certain types of Visas.[33][34]

Another part of his bill would secure grant funding to state and local law enforcement agencies to develop specialized anti-terrorism investigation and combat programs and to train first responders in the event of an active shooter or a terrorist attack. To monitor possible terrorist activity on the internet, he proposed better cyber-training to identify and track extremists, such as the couple behind the mass shooting in San Bernardino, California. “We need to ensure that those on the frontlines protecting us have all the tools they need to respond to threats, and to root out these terrorists at home and abroad,” Brown said.[33][34]

He also renewed his call for closing the terrorist gun loophole to stop individuals who are known or suspected terrorists - including those on the “No Fly” list and homegrown extremists - from purchasing deadly firearms. "If you're too dangerous to fly, you're too dangerous to purchase an assault weapon. Period," said Brown.[33][34]

Servicemembers and Veterans

Ohio Wing Civil Air Patrol delegation with Senator Brown in 2012

In 2015, Senators Brown and Bob Menendez co-authored the Military Families Credit Reporting Act to safeguard financial security for service members while deployed on active duty and requested specific information and feedback to help ensure deployed military personnel have the tools they need to protect their credit.[35]

In 2014, Brown introduced the Gold Star Fathers Act of 2014 (S. 2323; 113th Congress), a bill that would expand preferred eligibility for federal jobs to the fathers of certain permanently disabled or deceased veterans.[36] Brown said that "when a service member is killed in action or permanently and totally disabled, the government should do its part to be there for grieving parents - no matter if they're fathers or mothers."[37]

In 2015, Senators Brown and U.S. Rep. Tim Ryan introduced legislation to ensure veterans, students serving in the armed forces, and their qualifying dependents can attain priority enrollment at four-year colleges or universities so that they can finish their degrees before their federal GI benefits expire. Brown said we must invest in and train our men and women when they return to their communities.[38][39]

Energy and Environment

Senator Brown co-sponsored bipartisan legislation to restrict the export of electronic waste, help boost the domestic recycling industry, foster innovation, reduce the number of counterfeit electronics from countries like China, and support efforts to recover rare earth materials found in electronics.[40] He supports research and development on clean and renewable energy, including new fuel cell and offshore wind energy production, and its manufacturing supply chain in U.S. to ensure safe and reliable fuel source.[41][42]

Bank and finance industry

In February 2013, conservative commentator George F. Will wrote in support of Brown's proposal to break up consolidated banks and finance industry conglomerates, ending "too big to fail" by restoring the Glass-Steagall Act.[43]

In 2016, amid Panama Papers scandal around the globe, Senators Brown and Elizabeth Warren urged the Treasury Department to investigate whether U.S. individuals were involved in possible tax avoidance and misconduct associated with the Panama-based law firm Mossack Fonseca.[44]

Stimulus spending

In 2009 when the vote on the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act came down to just a few votes, Brown (an ardent advocate of the legislation) was attending services for his deceased mother. The White House provided a plane in order to fly him back to vote for the bill when it was determined that no commercial flight would make it on time. "Although most senators voted shortly after 5:30 p.m., the 60th and final vote was not cast until 10:46 p.m. by Sen. Sherrod Brown."[45]

Health

Brown was instrumental in passing the Food and Drug Administration Food Safety Modernization Act of 2010.[46]

Due to serious environmental issues and pollution in China as well as series food safety incidents, including pet foods and milk among others, Senator Brown in 2013 criticized the Department of Agriculture over inadequate process of "No routine inspections" and "No country-of-origin labeling" for meats from that country. "Given the well-documented shortcoming of the Chinese food safety system, we shouldn't allow unmarked meat into our markets that is processed in Chinese facilities that are not subject to food safety inspection,” Brown said. "This action could endanger the health and safety of American consumers and potentially undermines confidence in our nation's food safety standards." as people are unable to identify whether things are from Chinese processors or not. Brown highlighted the egregious record of China and demanded additional actions from USDA and Food Safety and Inspection Service for those problems as American consumers deserve to be fully informed of their product choices.[46]

While as the Ranking Democrat on U.S. House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, Rep. Brown authored the Children's Hospitals Education and Research Act of 1998 which first proposed the Children's Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (CHGME) program. In 2015, Senator Brown led 31 colleagues to seek continued and $30 million increase funding ($295 million) in fiscal year 2016 which can benefit seven institutions in Ohio among others.[47]

As the water crisis in Flint, Michigan also raised similar public health concern in Granville and Sebring, Ohio, Senator Brown in 2016 introduced legislation that would force the federal government to step in when cities and states fail to warn residents about lead-contaminated drinking water and to give Ohio's school districts money to test it.[48][49][50]

Health care

Senator Brown speaks on The Need For Health Care Reform at Cleveland Heights, Ohio

In 2007 Brown and Sam Brownback (R-KS) sponsored an amendment to the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007. President George W. Bush signed the bill in September 2007. The amendment established a prize as an incentive for companies to invest in new drugs and vaccines for neglected tropical diseases. It awards a transferable “Priority Review Voucher” to any company that obtains approval for a treatment for a neglected tropical disease. This provision adds to the market based incentives available for the development of new medicines for developing world diseases in the developing world, among them malaria, tuberculosis and African sleeping sickness. The prize had been proposed by Duke University faculty members Henry Grabowski, Jeffrey Moe, and David Ridley in their 2006 Health Affairs paper "Developing Drugs for Developing Countries."[51]

Brown supported the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, voting for it in December 2009,[52] and he voted for the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.[53]

LGBT rights

Brown is an advocate of equal rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. He also voted against prohibiting same-sex couples from adopting children in Washington D.C., and received a perfect score from the Human Rights Campaign.[54][55] On November 30, 2010 Brown made a contribution to the It Gets Better Project from the Senate floor,[56] and on December 18, 2010 he voted in favor of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010.[57][58]

Ideology

In 2011, in the National Journal’s annual rankings, Brown tied with eight other members for the title of the most liberal member of Congress.[59]

Education

Senator Brown speaks at 2014 Arts Advocacy Day in Washington, D.C

In 2015, Senator Brown pushed for national charter school reform with more accountability and transparency to ensure tax dollars are spent on education rather than profit.[60][61][62]

Intellectual property

Brown was a cosponsor of the Protect-IP Act (PIPA).[63]

Trade

Senator Brown talks about Making America Competitive Again and Restoring U.S. Innovation Leadership

Brown has criticized free trade with China and other countries. In a 2006 Washington Post article, Brown argued against free trade on the grounds that labor activism was responsible for the growth of the U.S. middle class, and that the U.S. economy is harmed by trade relations with countries that lack the kind of labor regulations that have resulted from that activism.[64]

In 2011, the Columbus Dispatch noted that Brown "loves to rail against international trade agreements."[65] Brown's book, Myths of Free Trade, argues that "an unregulated global economy is a threat to all of us."[66] He recommends adopting measures that would allow for emergency tariffs, protect Buy America laws, including those that give preference to minority and women-owned businesses, and hold foreign producers to American labor and environmental standards.[67] Brown was the co-author and sponsor of a bill that would officially declare China a currency manipulator and require the Department of Commerce to impose countervailing duties on Chinese imports. China's policy undervaluing its currency against the dollar and export subsidy has damaged American manufacturers and taken away American jobs.[68][69]

According to reports unveiled in 2012, China's cheating in the auto parts trade resulted in more than 1.6 million American jobs at risk. Senator Brown addressed China's predatory trading practices on American industry and called for action against China doesn't play fair. He tried to impose tariffs on China.[70][71]

Senator Brown speaks at 2008 Labor Day Festival

In May 2016, Senator Brown praised Hillary Clinton's in-depth plan to enforce regulations and laws on trade, such as rules of origin, triple the enforcement budgets at the Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission, and how to bring manufacturing to America.[70]

Employment

In 2012, Senator Brown urged the Department of Defense to comply with a rule that requires military service members to wear clothes and boots made in the U.S. rather than in China. "If it's taxpayer dollars, it should help American workers and American businesses, pure and simple. Our men and women in uniform are fighting for their country, and deserve to fight in quality uniforms and boots that are made in the U.S.A." Brown said.[72]

In 2016, Senator Brown criticized Donald Trump for his outsourcing American jobs to China.[70]

Elections

2006
Main article: Ohio United States Senate election, 2006
Sherrod Brown at a campaign rally
Brown hosts a panel of advisers to Barack Obama's presidential campaign during the first day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado

In August 2005, Brown announced he would not run for the United States Senate seat held by Republican Mike DeWine.[73] In October, however, Brown reconsidered his decision.[74] His announcement came shortly after Democrat Paul Hackett stated that he would soon announce his candidacy.

On February 13, 2006, Hackett withdrew from the race, all but ensuring that Brown would win the Democratic nomination. In the May 2 primary, Brown won 78.05% of the Democratic vote. His opponent, Merrill Samuel Keiser, Jr., received 21.95% of the vote.[75]

In the middle of his Senate campaign in April 2006, Brown, along with John Conyers, brought an action against George W. Bush and others, alleging violations of the Constitution in the passage of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005.[76] The case, Conyers v. Bush, was ultimately dismissed for lack of standing.[77]

On November 7, 2006, Brown faced two-term incumbent senator Mike DeWine in the general election. Brown won the seat with 56% of the vote to DeWine's 44%.[78]

2012
Main article: United States Senate election in Ohio, 2012

Brown stood for reelection in 2012, defeating opponent Josh Mandel, who in 2010 defeated the incumbent state treasurer by 14 points. Mandel raised $2.3 million in the second quarter of 2011 alone, to Brown’s $1.5 million.[79] Early on, Brown enjoyed a steady lead in the polls.[80] Mandel won the March Republican primary with 63% of the vote.[81]

The Washington Post reported that no candidate running for reelection, save Barack Obama, faced more opposition in 2012 by outside groups. As of April 2012, over $5.1 million had been spent on television ads opposing Brown, according to data provided by a Senate Democratic campaign operative. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce spent $2.7 million. 60 Plus Association, a conservative group that opposes health care reform, spent another $1.4 million. Karl Rove's Crossroads GPS and the Concerned Women for America Legislative Action Committee also spent heavily in the race.[82] In May 2012, Brown hit the campaign trail with West Wing actor Martin Sheen.[83]

Controversial remarks

In March 2011, Brown came under scrutiny for a senate floor speech in which he cited the names of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin while he criticized Republican efforts in Ohio and Wisconsin to mitigate the power of public employee unions to negotiate with taxpayers. In his speech he said "some of the worst governments that we've ever had, do you know one of the first things they did? They went after unions. Hitler didn't want unions, Stalin didn't want unions, Mubarak didn't want independent unions".[84] Brown, however, added that he was not comparing the two situations. He later apologized for his speech.[85][86][87]

Committee assignments (113th Congress)

Personal life

Brown's second wife, Connie Schultz, is a former newspaper columnist at the Cleveland Plain Dealer, but resigned because being a politician's spouse presented a conflict of interest.[88] She won a Pulitzer Prize for "her pungent columns that provided a voice for the underdog and underprivileged."[89] She is also the author of Life Happens (2007) and ...and His Lovely Wife (2008), in which she describes her experiences as a spouse of a U.S. Senate candidate.[90] Brown was previously married to Larke Recchie from 1979 to 1987. Brown is the father of four children: two from his marriage to Recchie and two children from his marriage to Schultz. He has five grandchildren.[91]

On May 18, 2014, Brown was awarded an honorary doctor of public service degree from Otterbein University. Along with his wife, Brown delivered a keynote address at the undergraduate commencement.[92]

Books authored

Brown is the author of two books:

  • Congress from the Inside: Observations from the Majority and the Minority ISBN 0-87338-630-2
  • Myths of Free Trade: Why American Trade Policy Has Failed ISBN 1-56584-928-0

Electoral history

Ohio Secretary of State Democratic primary election, 1982
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 304,952 34
Democratic Dennis Kucinich 246,618 27
Democratic Anthony Calabrese 214,901 24
Democratic Francis Gaul 136,568 15
Ohio Secretary of State election, 1982
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 1,739,602 54
Republican Virgil Brown 1,362,079 42
Libertarian Margaret Ann Leech 143,943 4
Ohio Secretary of State election, 1986
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown (inc.) 1,805,833 60
Republican Vincent Campanella 1,217,803 40
Ohio Secretary of State election, 1990
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bob Taft 1,809,416 53
Democratic Sherrod Brown (inc.) 1,604,058 47
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 1992[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 134,486 53
Republican Margaret R. Mueller 88,889 35
Independent Mark Miller 20,320 8
Independent Tom Lawson 4,719 2
Independent Werner J. Lange 3,844 2
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 1994[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 93,147 49
Republican Gregory A. White 86,422 46
Independent Howard Mason 7,777 4
Independent John M. Ryan 2,430 1
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 1996[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 148,690 61
Republican Kenneth C. Blair, Jr. 87,108 36
Natural Law David Kluter 8,707 4
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 1998[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 116,309 62
Republican Grace L. Drake 72,666 38
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 2000[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 170,058 65
Republican Rick H. Jeric 84,295 32
Libertarian Michael Chmura 5,837 2
Natural Law David Kluter 3,108 1
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 2002[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 123,025 69
Republican Ed Oliveros 55,357 31
Ohio's 13th congressional district, 2004[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 201,004 67
Republican Robert Lucas 97,090 33
U.S. Senate Democratic primary election, 2006
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 583,776 78
Democratic Merrill Samuel Keiser, Jr. 163,628 22
U.S. Senate (Class I) elections in Ohio, 2006[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 2,257,369 56
Republican Mike DeWine 1,761,037 44
Independent Richard Duncan (write-in) 830 0
U.S. Senate (Class I) elections in Ohio, 2012[93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sherrod Brown 2,762,757 51
Republican Josh Mandel 2,435,740 45
Independent Scott Rupert 250,617 4

See also

References

  1. ^ "Senate Democrats lock in key committee memberships." The Hill. (December 12, 2014).
  2. ^ "Five Democrats Who Could Challenge Donald Trump In The 2020 Election." The Guardian (November 11, 2016)
  3. ^ 1. Sherrod Campbell Brown from freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com
  4. ^ a b c d e Hayes, Christopher (November 21, 2015). "Who is Sherrod Brown?". In These Times. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  5. ^ "About". SherrodBrown.com. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  6. ^ "America's ethnic makeover routs Mitt Romney". The Times Of India.
  7. ^ Barone, Michael (2004). Almanac of American Politics. The National Journal.
  8. ^ "Ohio: Thirteenth District". 1998 Almanac. National Journal. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  9. ^ "Redistricting could push Brown into governor race". Business First Columbus. January 12, 2001. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
  10. ^ "Democratic Leaders Reid, Hoyer Say Cafta Will Fail". Bloomberg L.P. May 3, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  11. ^ Nagourney, Adam (May 7, 2006). "Early Intensity Underlines Role of Races in Ohio". New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  12. ^ "Roll Call vote, Defense of Marriage Act" clerk.house.gov. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  13. ^ "Congressional Committees". Open Secrets. Center for Responsive Politics. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  14. ^ Roll Call vote, Iraq War resolution from house.gov
  15. ^ "Sherrod Brown on War & Peace". Ontheissues.org. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
  16. ^ "Project Vote Smart - Senator Brown on HR 2642 - Iraq and Afghanistan War Funding, Unemployment Benefits Extension, and GI Bill". Votesmart.org. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  17. ^ http://freebeacon.com/senate-nuclear-containment-is-not-an-option-with-iran/
  18. ^ "Brown Urges Obama Administration To Step Up Pressure, Prevent Nuclear Iran". Sherrod Brown Senator for Ohio. December 21, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  19. ^ "Senators Approve Iran Sanctions Amendment In Unanimous Vote". Think Progress. March 27, 2015. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  20. ^ H.Con.Res.56 - Commemorating the 20th anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act., Congress.gov, 3/17/1999
  21. ^ H.Con.Res.53 - Concerning the Taiwan Relations Act., Congress.gov, 3/11/1999
  22. ^ H.Con.Res.117 - Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States Government should reaffirm its unwavering commitment to the Taiwan Relations Act as the cornerstone of United States relations with Taiwan, and for other purposes., Congress.gov, 3/25/2003
  23. ^ Fifty-two Senators Commemorate the 35th Anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act in Letter to President Obama, Senator Robert Menendez, April 9, 2014
  24. ^ Rubio, Menendez: ‘Six Assurances’ Continued Foundation Of U.S.-Taiwan Relations, Senator Marco Rubio, May 19, 2016
  25. ^ S.Con.Res.38 - A concurrent resolution reaffirming the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances as cornerstones of United States-Taiwan relations., Congress.gov, May 19, 2016
  26. ^ "Wicker Joins Bill to Support Hong Kong's Freedom and Democracy". Roger Wicker. November 13, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  27. ^ S.2922 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, Congress.gov, 11/13/2014
  28. ^ H.R.5696 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, Congress.gov, 11/13/2014
  29. ^ H.R.1159 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, Congress.gov, 2/27/2015
  30. ^ "China 'Voids' Hong Kong Rights: Beijing abrogates the 1984 treaty it signed with Britain to guarantee the city's autonomy". The Wall Street Journal. December 14, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  31. ^ "A Useful Hong Kong Rebuke: China's betrayal of its promises becomes a U.S. political issue". The Wall Street Journal. January 30, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  32. ^ "HR 1540 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 - Voting Record". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  33. ^ a b c "Sen. Sherrod Brown outlines bill aimed at stopping terrorism". NBC news. January 8, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  34. ^ a b c "U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown tackles ISIS, gun laws". ABC news. January 8, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  35. ^ "Menendez, Brown, Booker Re-Introduce Legislation to Help Military Servicemembers Avoid Financial Hardships". Senator Bob Menendez. May 8, 2015. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  36. ^ "CBO - S. 2323". Congressional Budget Office. August 12, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
  37. ^ Albrecht, Brian (September 11, 2014). "Gold Star Fathers Act gets salute from U.S. Senate". Cleveland.com. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  38. ^ "Brown: Give Vets Priority in Scheduling College Classes". Business Journal. February 9, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  39. ^ "Brown, Ryan Introduces Legislation To Give Veterans Priority College Enrollment To Complete Degrees Before Benefits Expire". Sherrod Brown Senator for Ohio. May 13, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  40. ^ "Whitehouse Introduces Bipartisan Bill to Promote Domestic Recycling of Electronic Waste: Legislation Would Crack Down on Foreign Counterfeits". June 23, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  41. ^ "Brown: New Fuel Cell Unit Will Strengthen American Energy Security, Spur Development of Clean Energy Technology". July 19, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  42. ^ "Senators introduce bill to encourage offshore wind energy production". July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  43. ^ "Time to break up the big banks" George F. Will, Washington Post, February 08, 2013
  44. ^ "Senate Democrats Urge Treasury Department to Probe Panama Papers". New York Magazine. April 7, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  45. ^ Torry, Jack (February 14, 2009). "Stimulus bill approved; Ohio Sen. Sherrod Brown rushes back to Capitol to cast deciding vote". The Columbus Dispatch.
  46. ^ a b Sen. Brown Presses USDA Over Inadequate Food Safety Inspection of Processed Meats from China, Sherrod Brown Senator for Ohio, September 19, 2013
  47. ^ Brown announces more than $295 million in funding for Children's Hospitals education program, The Highland County Press, December 19, 2015
  48. ^ Laura Arenschield, Bills would force government to warn residents of lead-contaminated water, Columbus Dispatch, February 3, 2016
  49. ^ Michael Wines & John Schwartz, Unsafe Lead Levels in Tap Water Not Limited to Flint, New York Times, February 8, 2016
  50. ^ Jo Ingles, U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown Wants Water Tested In Ohio's Schools, Statehouse News Bureau, May 3, 2016
  51. ^ "Developing Drugs For Developing Countries - Ridley et al. 25 (2): 313 - Health Affairs". Content.healthaffairs.org. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
  52. ^ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
  53. ^ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  54. ^ "Sherrod Brown on Civil Rights" On the Issues. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  55. ^ "Sherrod Brown on the Issues" On the Issues. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  56. ^ "Senator Sherrod Brown: It Gets Better" on YouTube. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  57. ^ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
  58. ^ "Senate Vote 281 - Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'". The New York Times.
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