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Subramanian Swamy
Member, Bharatiya Janata Party
In office
1990–2013
Minister of Commerce and Industry
In office
1990–1991
Prime MinisterChandra Shekhar Singh
Minister of Law and Justice
(Additional Charge)
In office
1990–1991
Prime MinisterChandra Shekhar Singh
Member of the Rajya Sabha
In office
1988–1994
In office
1974–1976
Member of the Lok Sabha
In office
1998–1999
In office
1977–1979
Personal details
Born (1939-09-15) 15 September 1939 (age 85)
Mylapore, Madras Presidency
Political partyBharatiya Janata Party (2013 to present)
Other political
affiliations		Janata Party (1990 to 2013)
Spouse
Roxna Swamy
​
(m. 1966)​
Alma materHindu College, University of Delhi (B.Sc. Mathematics)
Indian Statistical Institute (M.Stat Statistics)
Harvard University (PhD)
ProfessionEconomist
Professor
Author
Politician
WebsiteOfficial Website

Subramanian Swamy (born 15 September 1939) is an Indian politician and economist and a former cabinet minister.[1] He was the President of the Janata Party. He merged his party on 11 August 2013 with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[2][3] Swamy had served as member of the Planning Commission of India and Cabinet Minister of India. He has written on foreign affairs of India dealing largely with China, Pakistan and Israel. He is also a published author.

Earlier in November 1978, Swamy was member of the Group of Eminent persons called to Geneva to prepare a report of the United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)) on Economic Co-operation between Developing countries (ECDC). Swamy also simplified trade procedures and formulated a new export strategy which became the forerunner of trade reform adopted subsequently. In 1994, Swamy was appointed as Chairman of the Commission on Labour Standards and International Trade by then Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao. This was perhaps for the first time that an Opposition Party member was given a Cabinet rank post by the ruling party. He also serves as chairman[4] of the Board of Governors of the SCMS Group of Educational Institutions in Kerala.

Early life and education

Subramanian Swamy was born at Mylapore,[5] Chennai, India[6][7] family. His father Sitaram Subramanian[8] originally from Madurai, Tamil Nadu who was an Indian Statistical Service officer, moved to Delhi when Subramanian Swamy was only six months old, served as the director of the Central Statistical Institute in Delhi, and was a statistical adviser to the Government of India. His mother is from An Iyer family from Trichur, Kerala. Major national leaders like K Kamaraj, C Rajagopalachari and S Satyamurti often visited Sitaram. [9] [10][11]

He attended Hindu College, University of Delhi, from where he earned his Bachelor Honours degree in Mathematics. He studied for his Masters degree in Statistics at the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. He then went to study at Harvard University, where he received a PhD in Economics in 1965. His thesis adviser was Nobel Laureate Simon Kuznets.[10][12]

For some time, while completing his dissertation in 1963, he worked at the United Nations Secretariat in New York as an Assistant Economics Affairs Officer. He subsequently worked as a resident tutor at Lowell House at Harvard university.

Academic career

In 1964, Swamy joined the faculty of economics at Harvard beginning as an assistant professor in July 1966[10][13] and in 1969 became an associate professor.[14]

When he was associate professor, he was invited by future Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen[8] for a professor’s[15] chair on Chinese studies at Delhi School of Economics.[9] He accepted the offer. However, when he arrived for the position at DSE, his appointment was cancelled due to his views on the nuclear capabilities for India and his market-friendly attitude.[8]

Thereafter, he moved to the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and he was a full Professor of Mathematical Economics there from 1969 to 1991.[13][16] He was removed from the position by its board of governors in the early 1970s but was legally reinstated in the late 1990s by the Supreme Court of India. He continued in the position until 1991 when he resigned to become a cabinet minister. He served on the Board of Governors of the IIT, Delhi (1977–80) and on the Council of IITs (1980–82).

He taught economics courses in summer session at Harvard[17] until 2011.

Swamy now serves as Chairman of the School of Communication and Management Studies in Kochi.[18][19]

Political career

Early politics

Swamy's career started with his involvement in the Sarvodaya movement, which was an apolitical movement but which formed the foundation of the creation of Janata Party later.[20] The real turn in his political career came after his sacking from IIT. Liberal economic policies put forward by him didn't go well with the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who discredited him as 'Santa Claus with unrealistic ideas'. He was after expelled from Indian Institute of Technology. This marked the beginning of his active political career. Staunch opponent of Indira Gandhi and right wing political party Jansangh sent him to Rajya Sabha – the upper house of Indian Parliament.[8]

He was elected Member of Parliament 5 times between 1974 and 1999. He has twice represented the city of Mumbai North East during 1977 and 1980, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in the Parliament.[8]

During the period of emergency, he fled to the United States, seeking haven with an Indian businessman in Michigan who had become the spokesperson of opposition in the US. In 1976 when emergency was still in force and an arrest warrant issued in his name, he came to parliament to attend the session and managed to escape India after attending the session. This act made him a hero in the eyes of opposition parties.[21][22]

He was one of the founding members of the Janata Party and has been its president since 1990.

Electoral History of Subramanian Swamy

1974–76 - Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh, elected on a Jan Sangh party ticket
1977-80 - Member of Lok Sabha from Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a Janata Party party ticket
1980-84 - Member of Lok Sabha from Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a Janata Party party ticket
1988–94 - Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh, elected on a Janata Party party ticket
1998-99 - Member of Lok Sabha from Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a Janata Party party ticket

Minister of Commerce and Law of India

During 1990 and 1991 Swamy was a member of the Planning Commission of India and Cabinet Minister of Commerce and Law of India. During this period he claims to have created the blueprint for economic reforms in India under Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar[23][24] which was later carried out in 1991 by Manmohan Singh,[10] then Finance Minister under leadership of Prime Minister Narasimha Rao.[24] In his book, he claims that Manmohan Singh has acknowledged it as well.[4][25]

Between 1994 and 1996, he held the position of "Chairman of the Commission on Labour Standards and International Trade" (equivalent to the rank of a cabinet minister) under the P. V. Narasimha Rao government.[8]

Under BJP

In 1999, when BJP government under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee lost vote of confidence by margin of one vote in the Indian Parliament, Dr. Swami exalted Ms. Mayawati,Ms. Jayalalitha and Mrs. Sonia Gandhi as teen deviyan (Sawaswati, Laxmi and Parvati) of Indian Politics. On 11 August 2013, after a discussion with BJP President Rajnath Singh, Swami joined Bharatiya Janata Party. The joining marks the merging of Janata Party with Bharatiya Janata Party.[2]

Issues held and contributions

Subramanian Swamy claims normalising relations between China and India. Those claims may be contested by supporters of former Prime Minister Vajpayee who also have the same claims. According to Swamy, the proposal for normalising and re-opening of the Kailash Mansarovar pilgrimage route was announced in the meeting Swamy had with China's supremo Deng Xiaoping in April 1981 and widely reported in the media then, but this issue too has other claimants as the main force behind the decision.

In the speeches and articles of Dr Swamy, he has expressed his admiration for Israel, and has credited its retaliatory capacity for its ability to survive in a hostile Arab environment. He made pioneering efforts at establishing diplomatic relations with Israel. In 1982, Swamy became the first Indian political leader to make publicised trip to Israel, where he met with some important Israeli leaders such as Yitzhak Rabin and then Prime Minister Menachem Begin. His efforts at normalising relations with Israel have borne fruit now with India's decision in 1992 to open Embassis in the respective countries.[26]

Swamy on several occasions had supported Sri Lanka for the war against LTTE and criticized as pro Lanka by the opponents.[27][28][29][30][31] In an interview to The Sunday Leader newspaper, he had said that the Indian government should attend CHOGM meeting at Colombo despite stiff opposition from Tamil Nadu politicians and putting the onus on the LTTE for human rights violations during the Sri Lankan Civil war.[32][33] Swamy also repeated his views of conferring India's highest civilian award Bharat Ratna to Mahinda Rajapaksa for eliminating LTTE.[34][35]

Court petitions

Complaint against Jayalalitha

In 1996, Swamy had filed a criminal complaint against Jayalalitha which led to her prosecution where she was convicted and sentenced for four years imprisonment.[36][37]

Phone tapping allegation

Swamy had released the letter alleging that former intelligence chief had asked DoT to tap the phone of many politicians and businessmen in Karnataka,[38] the then Chief Minister, Ramakrishna Hegde resigned in 1988.[39] Hegde then filed a case against him in 1989 and 1990.[40][41][42]

Hashimpura massacre

Main article: Hashimpura massacre

In 1987, when Muslim youths were killed under police custody, Swamy spoke against it and sat on a fast for more than a week in Jantar Mantar demanding the institution of an inquiry.[43] After 25 years he started pursuing the case once again in court.[44]

Rebecca John, a counsel for the Hashimpura complainants, told Additional Sessions Judge Rakesh Siddhartha who is conducting the trial in the case, that "there is no other motive than politics behind Swamy's plea for further investigation and it would only further delay the trial". [45]

Role in exposing 2G spectrum scam

Main article: 2G spectrum scam

In November 2008, Subramanian Swamy amongst others wrote the first of five letters to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh seeking permission to prosecute A. Raja in regard to 2G spectrum scam]].[46] However, Singh took no action,[47] leading Swamy to file a case on his own in the Supreme Court of India regarding the matter, which then asked the Central Bureau of Investigation to produce a detailed report on it.[48] He further called on the Indian government to re-auction the 2G spectrum without the involvement of Communications Minister Kapil Sibal.[49]

Swamy has raised allegations that Sonia Gandhi's sisters Anushka and Nadia have received sixty percent of the kickbacks in the 2G spectrum scam, amounting to ₹180 billion (US$2.2 billion) each.[50] On 15 April 2011, he filed a 206-page petition with PM Singh seeking permission to prosecute Gandhi. In the petition, he claimed to have strong evidence of corrupt acts committed by Gandhi as early as 1972; he also raised doubts regarding her acquisition of Indian citizenship.[51] At a lecture on corruption given on 29 May 2011, Swamy repeated his allegation against Sonia Gandhi, saying she has Rs. 1 trillion (short scale) stashed abroad.[52]

Swamy filed documents in the court to prosecute Minister of Home Affairs P. Chidambaram by including a 15 January 2008 letter written by Chidambaram to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Swamy also placed on record the certified copy of the minutes of a meeting between Chidambaram, Raja and the prime minister during the tenure of Raja as the MOC&IT.[53] Since criminal charges were filed against the accused, but no evidence was given by Swamy or the CBI, all the respondents have got bail as of July 2012.

Sanction to prosecute telecom minister A. Raja

On 31 January 2012, the Supreme Court of India accepted Swamy's petition against the Prime Minister's Office in the 2G case, saying that all public authorities should give a sanction within three months against any public official if a request is made for prosecution.

The Supreme Court said that Subramanian Swamy had the locus standi to seek sanction from the Prime Minister for the prosecution of A Raja in the 2G scam. Sanction by a competent authority for the prosecution of a public servant has to be granted within a time frame, the apex court said. Justice AK Ganguly said that the sanction would be deemed to be granted if competent authority failed to take a decision within four months.

Swamy's arguments were that he wrote to the PMO on 29 November 2008, but it was only on 19 March 2010 the PMO replied that the plea made by Swamy was "premature" as investigation was being carried out by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Raja was arrested by the CBI in the case and got bail on 15 May 2012 after spending nearly 15 months in the Tihar Central Jail.[54]

Petition to strike down "single directive provision"

In 1997, Swamy filed a petition in the Supreme Court of India to strike down a provision which barred CBI from investigating corruption charges against officers of the rank of joint secretary and above without prior permission of the Govt of India called as "Dr. Subramanian Swamy Versus Director, Central Bureau of Investigation & Anr."[55] On 6 May 2014, a five-judge constitution bench held the single directive provision as invalid and unconstitutional. The court said that "Protection of prior approval for probing graft charges against officers at level of joint secretary and above has propensity of shielding corruption"[56][57] Experts such as former CBI Director Joginder Singh praised the judgement as "Superb".[58] Incumbent CBI Director Ranjit Sinha welcomed the judgement and said, "now a very heavy responsibility has been cast upon us to ensure that no innocent civil-servants is harassed."[59]

Nataraja Temple Case

Subramanian Swamy had filed a petition in the Supreme Court with priests of the dikshithar sect challenging the decision of the Madras High Court on transferring the administration of the Nataraja temple to the then Tamil Nadu government in 2009.[60]

Swamy on referring to the provisions of Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, contended that Podu Dikshitars have right to administer the temple[61] and argued on handing over the administration on mismanagement grounds of temple's wealth is violation under article 26 of the Constitution of India.[62] On 6 January 2014 the Supreme Court ruled that the administration is to be handed over back to the priests of the temple from the state government.[63]

Investigation on EVM

Further information: Indian voting machines

Subramanian Swamy demanded that an independent committee should be formed to check the security and safety of the Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) to avoid any rigging or tampering. He argued that countries like US, Japan, UK, Germany and Netherlands have abandoned EVMs and are using paper-ballot system and demanded that a printed receipt should be given to every voter after casting the vote.[64][65] His PIL to investigate the working of EVM was dismissed by the Delhi High Court on 17 January 2012. The court refused to give any directions to the Election Commission to bring back paper-ballot system or use of printed receipts. The Commission argued that the use of paper is not feasible due to the huge size of Indian electorate. The court further asked the Election Commission to "immediately begin a process of wider consultations" and the Parliament "to go into this question in depth and decide".[66][67]

On 22 January 2013 the Election Commission informed the Supreme Court that it would include Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system which is in the testing phase after the court agreed with some points raised by Swamy who was the contender,[68] in the machines so that every voter will come to know who he/she is voting by getting a printed slip after pressing the EVM button.[69][70] The voter paper audit trail has then been in use from 4 September 2013.[71][72]

On 8 October 2013 the Supreme Court directed the Election Commission to implement audit trail system in 2014 general elections in phases.[73]

Campaign against black money

Main article: Black money in India

He had founded Action Committee Against Corruption in India (ACACI) on 14 October 2011 along with other known people and has acted as a chairperson. ACACI's goal is to take specific action against corruption at very high places of government and Indian black money stashed abroad,[74][75] Swamy had mentioned six simple steps in his letter which may recover the money stashed abroad easily.[76]

Views on Kashmir

In September 2008, Swamy stridently retorted against the contentions of some Indian columnists who voiced their opinions in favour of "peacefully" surrendering Kashmir to Pakistan. He said,

"I would say that the silent suffering majority of India wants none of this. The 'Kashmir issue,' in fact, can no more be solved by dialogue either with the Pakistanis or the Hurriyat, leave alone the constitutional impossibility of allowing it to secede. [...]Kashmir, in fact, is now our defining identity. It is a touchstone for our resolve to preserve our national integrity. The population of that State may be majority Muslim but the land and its history is predominantly Hindu. For our commitment to the survival of the ancient civilisation of India and the composite culture that secularists talk of, we have not only to win that coming inevitable war but also resolve never to part with Kashmir. [...]
Pakistanis often cite the United Nations resolutions on Kashmir to argue for a plebiscite. This obfuscates the fact of accession of the State to India. The legality of the Instrument of Accession signed in favour of India by the then Maharaja of J&K, Hari Singh, on 26 October 1947 has to prevail anyway. "[77]

Allegations against Nehru-Gandhi family

Subramanian Swamy on Sonia Gandhi's false affidavit to Election Commission

Sonia Gandhi had submitted an affidavit to the Election Commission of India citing a false degree. In 2004, Subramanian Swamy filed a case in a High Court, which enabled the judges to stop others from filing similar cases. Swamy had clarified in the petition that his complaint against Ms. Gandhi was for imposing a penalty on her but not for disqualifying her from participating in the election. Sonia Gandhi admitted that it was a "mistake" and apologised, upon which the judge ordered closure of the case without penalty.[78]

National Herald case

On 1 Nov 2012 Swamy alleged that both Sonia and Rahul Gandhi have committed fraud and land grabbing to a tune of Rs. 16 billion by acquiring a public limited company called Associated Journals Private Ltd (AJPL) through their owned private company, Young Indian. Through this they had got publication rights of National Herald and Quami Awaz newspapers, with real estate properties in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. The acquired place was intended only for newspaper purposes but were used for running a passport office, amounting to lakhs of rupees, it alleges. Swamy further added that Rahul Gandhi hid the facts in his affidavit while filing nomination for the [Indian general election, 2009|2009 Lok Sabha elections].[79][80]

It further alleges that on 26 February 2011 AJPL approved the transfer of unsecured loan of Rs. 900 million from the All India Congress Committee at zero interest. Subramanian argued that it is illegal for any political party to lend money for commercial purposes as per "Section 29A to C of the RPA (1951) and Section 13A of IT Act (1961)" and demanded investigation by the CBI and seeking de-recognition of the party for using public money.[81] On 2 Nov, the party responded that the loan was given only for reviving National Herald newspaper with no commercial interest.[82] Swamy decided to approach the Supreme Court de-recognising the Congress party, while the Election Commission ordered the probe on 17 Nov 2012.[83][84]

The hearing of the case had been taken thereafter on different occasions[85][86][87][88][89] and on 1 August 2014 the Enforcement Directorate initiated probe to find any money laundering in the case[90] while on the same day Swamy was served notice by the High Court.[91] On 28 August the metropolitan court fixed 9 December for the next hearing of the case,[92][93] while on 12 January, 2015 the judge of the Delhi High Court recused himself from hearing the case stating that schedule of cases has been changed and directed that the petitions be directed before an appropriate bench.[94]

Article about 2011 Mumbai bombings

In response to the 2011 Mumbai bombings, he wrote an editorial in Daily News and Analysis (DNA) Some of Swamy's controversial suggestions in the article.

  • The Hindu is the target and that Muslims of India are being programmed by a slow reactive process to become radical and thus slide into suicide against Hindus.
  • Remove Article 370, and re-settle ex-servicemen in the Valley. Create Panun Kashmir for Hindu Pandit community. Look or create opportunity to take over PoK. If Pakistan continues to back terrorists, assist the Baluchis and Sindhis to struggle for independence.
  • Enact a national law prohibiting conversion from Hindu religion to any other religion.

Propagate the development of a Hindu mindset.[95] Swamy had written a similar column in The New Indian Express after the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

On 3 August 2011 the National Commission for Minorities decided to file civil charges against Swamy for the article and promoting on the basis of religion.[96] On 4 October 2011 the Delhi Police registered the case.[97] Swamy was then granted police protection by the Delhi High Court.[98] On 30 January 2012 Swamy was granted anticipatory bail by the court with the condition that he would not write such articles in the future.[99]

Views on Tamil Nadu politics

Swamy is well known for his critical views against the Government of Tamil Nadu and against the "Aryan versus Dravidian" politics of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, calling it as the theory forwarded by the British.[100] He is a staunch opponent of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.[101][102][103][104] He also urged the Indian government not to support the US led resolution condemning war crimes in the Sri Lankan Civil War, citing it as one-sided and not in the interest of India.[105][106] Swamy moved to the court and got the order restoring quota for Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in colleges in the state.[107]

Swamy obtained Supreme Court Stay against the implementation of Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project (SSSCP). He believes that it would hurt the sentiments of people who believe that this shallow land connecting between Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka was built by the Hindu god Rama. He strongly opposes the implementation of SSSCP citing that implementing this scheme will be a criminal offence under section 295 Indian Penal Code.[108][109] He wrote letters to Prime Minister of India in June 2009 asking him to stop the project.[110]

Rajiv Gandhi assassination case

Jain commission which handled Rajiv Gandhi assassination case reported doubt about his dealings. Further investigations cleared him of all charges though he threatened to file a case of wrongful harassment on the government. [111]

Family and personal life

Subramanian Swamy's younger brother's name is Ram Subramanian and their mother is Padmavati.[112] Subramanian Swamy married Roxna Swamy in June 1966 whom he met at Harvard.[113] Then she had obtained PhD in Mathematics[114] who is now an advocate at the Supreme Court of India.[115][116] They have two daughters, Gitanjali Swamy, a private equity investment professional in the US, married to Sanjay Sarma, a professor at MIT and Suhasini Haider, a strategic & diplomatic affairs Editor [117] at The Hindu married to Nadeem Haidar (SOAS alumnus), son of Salman Haider, former foreign secretary and external affairs minister in 1997.[118][119][120]

Honours and awards

Year Name Awarding organisation Ref.
2013 Hindu Ratna Award Hindu Helpline, Vishwa Hindu Parishad [121]
2012 Distinguished Alumni Award. Hindu College, University of Delhi. [122][123]
2012 Indrayani Award. Indrayani Cooperative bank. [124]

2011 Dynamic Indian of the Millennium KG Foundation, KG Hospital, Coimbatore

Books, research papers and journals

Subramanian Swamy is a published author of several books, research papers and journals. A complete list of papers, books and journals is included below to which he is the author.

Books

  • Hindutva and National Renaissance (Publisher: Har Anand Publication; ISBN 978-81-241-1527-5)
  • Virat Hindu Identity - Concept and its Power (Publisher: Har Anand Publication; ISBN 978-81-241-1770-5)
  • Economic Growth in China and India, 1952–70(Publisher: University of Chicago Press; ISBN 978-0-226-78315-4)
  • Indian economic planning;: An alternative approach (Publisher: Barnes & Noble; ISBN 978-0-389-04202-0)
  • Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance (Publisher: South Asia Books; ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6)
  • India's Labour Standards and the WTO Framework (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0585-1)
  • India's economic performance and reforms: A perspective for the new millennium (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0594-3)
  • Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi: Unanswered Questions and Unasked Queries (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0591-2)
  • India's China perspective (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0606-3)
  • Financial Architecture and Economic Development in China and India (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0718-3)
  • Trade and Industry in Japan: A Guide to Indian Entrepreneurs and Businessmen (Publisher: Prentice-Hall of India; ISBN 978-81-203-0785-8)
  • Sri Lanka in Crisis: India's Options (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1260-1)
  • Kailas and Manasarovar after 22 years in Shiva's domain (Publisher: Allied Publishers)
  • Hindus Under Siege (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1207-6)
  • Rama Setu: Symbol of National Unity (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1418-6)
  • Terrorism in India: A Strategy of Deterrence for India's National Security (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1344-8)
  • Corruption and Corporate Governance in India: Satyam, Spectrum & Sundaram (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1486-5)
  • 2G Spectrum Scam (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1638-8)
  • Electronic voting machines: unconstitutional and tamperable (Publisher: Vision Books; ISBN 978-81-7094-798-1)

Articles

  • Can India make it? India's path to sustained growth (Publisher: Harvard Asia Pacific review, Volumes 6–8 by Harvard University. Dept. of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, 2002)
  • The response to economic challenge: A comparative economic history of China and India, 1870–1952 (Publisher: The Quarterly journal of economics, Volume 93 by Harvard University by the MIT Press, 1979)

Research papers

  • Economic growth and income distribution in a developing nation (Publisher: Harvard University, 1965)
  • Nuclear policy for India (Publisher: Bharatiya Jana Sangh Publication, 1968)
  • Plan for full employment (Publisher: Bharatiya Jana Sangh, 1970)
  • Theoretical aspects of index numbers (Publisher: Harvard Institute of Economic Research, 1985)
  • Land reforms: an economist's approach (Publisher: Deendayal Research Institute)

References

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  2. ^ a b "Subramanian Swamy's Janta Party merges with BJP". The Indian Express. 11 August 2013.
  3. ^ "The RSS Game Plan". The Hindu. 22 February 2000.
  4. ^ a b "Board of Management of the SCMS Group of Educational Institutions: Chairman Subramanian Swamy".
  5. ^ Short Biography of Subramanian Swamy
  6. ^ Bahu Virupaksha. "Subramanian Swamy and Indian Politics: Why India needs a ruthless hunter". Sulekha.com.
  7. ^ "Parsa Venkateshwar Rao, Jr". dnaindia.com. 19 July 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "The Beastly Beatitudes: The rise, fall and resurrection of Subramanian Swamy".
  9. ^ a b "The Jury Is Out, Subramanian Swamy: is the man a solution or a riddle?". Outlook. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  10. ^ a b c d "The Outlier: The inscrutable politics of Subramanian Swamy". The Caravan. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  11. ^ "Subramanian Swamy: Queries and Answers, Interview". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  12. ^ "An Indian tribute: Paul Samuelson, Guru". Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  13. ^ a b "High Court of Delhi : Swamy's plea for recovery of dues from IIT". Zee News. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  14. ^ "Harvard removes Subramanian Swamy's courses over controversial column". Indiaeducationreview.
  15. ^ "Subramanian Swamy – Twitter".
  16. ^ "The Rediff Special: The Man People Love to Hate". Rediff.com.
  17. ^ Special Correspondent (15 February 2011). "Swamy to teach at Harvard". The Hindu. Chennai. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  18. ^ "Management". SCMS Group of Institutions. SCMS Group. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  19. ^ "Politicians | Subramanian Swamy". In.com India. In.com (web18). Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  20. ^ "My Experiences with Jayaprakash Narayan — Subramanian Swamy". Janata Party Website. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/animosity-between-pc-swamy-spans-decades
  22. ^ http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Cables-Swamy-an-ultranationalist/2013/04/13/article1542610.ece
  23. ^ "Whither economic reforms? India". Chennai, India: Frontline, The Hindu. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  24. ^ a b "Assessing India's economic reforms: Swamy". Frontline, The Hindu. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  25. ^ Financial Architecture and Economic Development in China and India. Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-81-220-0718-3. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  26. ^ "His Role in Foreign Affairs:The President". Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-should-not-support-resolution-against-sri-lanka-subramanian-swamy/237939-37-64.html
  28. ^ http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sri-lankan-tamils-issue-karunanidhi-enacting-drama-says-jayalalithaa-dmk-pull-out-from-upa/1/258563.html
  29. ^ http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2013/09/08/fea03.asp
  30. ^ http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/swamy-slams-dmk-chief-for-remarks-on-indo-sri-lankan-relations_793425.html
  31. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/subramanian-swamy-attacked-by-lawyers-in-madras-hc/article1-380122.aspx
  32. ^ http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2013/11/03/india-must-ignore-lttes-financial-orphans-dr-subramanium-swamy/
  33. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-may-skip-chogm-meet-due-to-opposition/article1-1148937.aspx
  34. ^ "'Give Rajapaksa Bharat Ratna for wiping out LTTE'". ZEE NEWS. 11 February 2012.
  35. ^ "Tamil activists burn Subramanian Swamy's effigy after he demands Bharat Ratna for Rajapaksa". TIMES OF INDIA. 21 October 2014.
  36. ^ "Dr. Subramanian Swamy vs J. Jayalalitha on 20 August 1996".
  37. ^ "Jayalalithaa guilty in assets case, Gets 4-year jail term". Bangalore: India Today. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
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  66. ^ Anita (17 January 2012). "Delhi High Court says not impossible to tamper EVMs". OneIndia.
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  84. ^ "EC orders probe against Rahul Gandhi for 'wrong information' about his assets- Politics News- Politics-IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. 17 November 2012.
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  100. ^ "Tamil Nadu / Madurai News : "Caste not birth-based"". The Hindu. 18 June 2011.
  101. ^ "Janata Party chief Subramanian Swamy appears before tribunal examining LTTE ban". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 28 October 2010.
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  108. ^ "Ram Setu project is illegal, arbitrary and unacceptable: Subramanian Swamy". DNA. ANI. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
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  121. ^ "HINDU RATNA award conferred to Vishnu Hari Dalmia& Dr Subramanian Swamy at New Delhi". Vishwa Samvada Kendra, Karnataka.
  122. ^ "Democracy at Crossroads, Debunk Silent Majority: CAG". Outlook. Retrieved 1 June 2012 (2012-18-01). {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  123. ^ "It's time silent majority spoke up, says Vinod Rai". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 14 January 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  124. ^ "Will pursue 2G scam case till the end, says Swamy". The Times of India. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012 (2012-13-03). {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

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