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Sunifiram

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Sunifiram
Identifiers
  • 1-benzoyl-4-propanoylpiperazine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H18N2O2
Molar mass246.304 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • c2ccccc2C(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)CC
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Sunifiram (DM-235) is a piperazine derived research chemical which has nootropic effects in animal studies with significantly higher potency than piracetam.[1][2] A number of related compounds are known, including unifiram (DM-232).[3][4][5]

Mechanisms of action

  1. Sunifiram activates AMPA-mediated neurotransmission.[6]
  2. It enhances LTP in a bell-shaped dose–response relationship. This enhancement by sunifiram is associated with an increase in phosphorylation of AMPAR through activation of protein kinase II (CaMKII) and an increase in phosphorylation of NMDAR through activation of protein kinase C α (PKCα). More specifically, sunifiram stimulates the glycine-binding site of NMDAR with concomitant PKCα activation through Src kinase. Enhancement of PKCα activity triggers hippocampal LTP through CaMKII activation.[7]
  3. Sunifiram improves cognitive deficits via CaM kinase II and protein kinase C activation.[8] PKC activation may be a common mechanism amongst cognition stimulating drugs from different chemical classes.[9]
  4. Sunifiram aids in the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex.[10]

Safety

As of 2014, the safety of sunifiram remains unknown, and no formal studies with it in humans have been conducted.

Activation of PKC-α[7] by sunifiram may present safety concerns of its own.

Alternatives

Nefiracetam is a drug with similar effects.[11] Lithium potentiates AMPAR[12] and LTP[13][14][15] while inactivating Src kinase[16] and protecting[16][17][18][19] against NMDAR excitotoxicity.

See also

References

  1. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 12070754, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=12070754 instead.
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