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Tenshō (Momoyama period)

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Tenshō (天正) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year" name) after Genki and before Bunroku. This period spanned the years from July 1573 through December 1592.[1] The reigning emperors were Ōgimachi-tennō (正親町天皇) and Go-Yōzei-tennō (後陽成天皇).[2]

Change of era

  • 1573 Tenshō gannen (天正元年): The new era name was created to mark a number of regional wars. The era name was inspired by a passage from a Chinese classic, Lao Zi:  :"Those who are at peace with nature bring all under Heaven into its correct pattern" (清静者為天下正).

The era name Tenshō was suggested by Oda Nobunaga. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Genki 4, the 28th day of the 7th month.

Events of the Tenshō era

  • 1573 (Tenshō 1, 7th month): Ashikaga Yoshiaki lost his position as shogun. He shaved his head, becoming a Buddhist priest. Initially, he took the priestly name Sho-san; but he eventually came to be known as Rei-o In.[3]
  • 1574 (Tenshō 2, 1st month): Sectarian rebellion in Echizen Province.
  • 1574 (Tenshō 2, 9th month): Suppression of sectarian rebellion in Nagashima.
  • 1576 (Tenshō 3, 5th month): Takeda Katsuyori led an army into Totomi province where he lay siege to Nagashino castle. The Tokugawa defended the castle; and Tokugawa Ieayasu sought assistance from Oda Nobunaga. In response, Nobunaga and his son Nobutada arrived at Nagashino with a large force. In the ensuring Battle of Nagashino, the Takeda attackers were forced to retreaat.[4]
  • 1576 (Tenshō 4): Takeda Katuyori ordered the rebuilding of the Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga province]].[5]
  • 1579 (Tenshō 7, 5th month): Azuchi Sect Debates at Azuchi Castle.
  • 1579 (Tenshō 7, 6th month): Akechi Mitsuhide makes himself master of Tamba province.[6]
  • 1579 (Tenshō 8, 11th month): Kaga sectarian rebellion suppressed.[6]
  • 1582 (Tenshō 10): Takeda Katuyori utter defeat by the forces of Oda Nobunaga led to the destruction of Takeda-built structures at the Asama Shrine.[5]
  • 1582 (Tenshō 10, 3rd month): Battle of Tenmokuyama.[7]
  • 1582 (Tenshō 10, 6th month): Incident at Honnō-ji,[8] Battle of Yamazaki,[9] Council of Kiyosu.
  • February 20, 1582 (Tenshō 10, 28th day of the 10th month): Ogimachi gave over the reigns of government to his grandson, who would become Emperor Go-Yozei. There had been no such Imperial since Emperor Go-Hanazono abdicated in Kanshō 5. The dearth of abdications is attributable to the disturbed state of the country and to the fact that there was neither any dwelling in which an ex-emperor could live nor any excess funds in the treasury to support him.[10]
  • 1586 (Tenshō 14, 12th month): A marriage is arranged between the youngest sister of Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu.[11]
  • 1586 (Tenshō 14, 12th month): The kampaku, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was nominated to be Daijō-daijin.[11]
  • 1587 (Tenshō 15): Gold or silver coins called Tenshō-tsūhō were minted. The gold coins (Tenshō-ōban) weighed 165 grams; and these oval shaped coins were worth 10 ryō.[1]
  • 1588 (Tenshō 16, 7th month): Emperor Go-Yōzei visits Toyotomi Hideyoshi's mansion, Sword Hunt decree
  • 1590 (Tenshō 18, 7th month): Hideyoshi led an army to the Kantō where he lay siege to Odawara Castle. When the fortress fell, Hōjō Ujimasa died and his brother, Hōjō Ujinao submitted to Hideyoshi's power, thus ending a period of serial internal warfare which had continued uninterrupted since the nengō Onin (1467).[12]

In 1589-1590 (in the 23rd year of the reign of King Seonjo of Joseon), a diplomatic mission led by Hwang Yun-gil was sent to Japan.[13] The Joseon ambassador was received by Hideyoshi..[14]

The fictional plot of the classic Akira Kurosawa film Seven Samurai takes place in the 15th year ofTenshō.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tenshō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 961; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
  2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 382-405.
  3. ^ Titsingh, p. 389.
  4. ^ Titsingh, p. 391.
  5. ^ a b Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, p.462.
  6. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 394.
  7. ^ Titsingh, p. 395.
  8. ^ Titsingh, p. 396.
  9. ^ Titsingh, p. 397.
  10. ^ Titsingh, p. 402; Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, pp. 340-341.
  11. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 402.
  12. ^ Titsingh, p. 405.
  13. ^ Rutt, Richard et al. (2003). Korea: a Historical and Cultural Dictionary, p. 190.
  14. ^ Kang, Diplomacy and Ideology, p. 275.

References

Tenshō1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th
Gregorian15731574157515761577157815791580158115821583158415851586158715881589159015911592

Preceded by:
Genki

Era or nengō:
Tenshō

Succeeded by:
Bunroku

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