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Timeline of Yugoslavia

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See also: History of Yugoslavia

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

Main article: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

1927

1928

  • June 20: Representative Puniša Račić of the People's Radical Party shot Đuro Basariček, Pavle Radić, Ivan Pernar, Ivan Granđa and Croatian Peasant Party leader Stjepan Radić in the National Assembly. Basariček and Pavle Radić died at the scene, Pernar and Granđa were only wounded, and Stjepan Radić was mortally wounded.
  • July 28: Anton Korošec of the Slovene People's Party became the first non-Serb prime minister of the kingdom.
  • August 1: National Assembly reconvened, with representatives of the Peasant-Democrat Coalition boycotting it.
  • August 8: Stjepan Radić died from wounds suffered in the attack in the assembly chambers.
  • August 12: Funeral of Stjepan Radić.
  • August 13: Vladko Maček elected president of Croatian Peasant Party.

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Main article: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

1929

1930

  • January 25: August Košutić and Juraj Krnjević of the Croatian Peasant Party delivered a memorandum to the League of Nations outlining the struggles of the Croats in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
  • June 14: Vladko Maček acquitted and released.

1931

  • February 18: Writer Milan Šufflay is murdered by Yugoslav nationalists in Zagreb.
  • September 3: A new 1931 Yugoslav Constitution was put in place to replace the one from 1921 (abolished in 1929).
  • November 8: Elections held in which only one electoral list, headed by General Živković is on the ballot.

1932

  • June 7: Yugoslav nationalists attempt to assassinate writer Mile Budak.
  • September 6: Members of the Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement attempted to launch a revolution on Velebit.
  • November 7: Peasant-Democrat Coalition released the Zagreb Points, which outlined the coalition's plan for a return to parliamentary democracy.

1933

1934

King Alexander's death in Marseille, 9 October 1934. End of the dictatorship.

World War II

Main article: World War II in Yugoslavia

FPR Yugoslavia

Main article: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

SFR Yugoslavia

Main article: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

1980

Date Event
4 May Death of Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. A Presidency of 9 members assumes power, containing one member from each constituent republic and province, with the ninth place taken by president of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.
10 June A group of 60 writers, poets and public intellectuals in Slovenia sign a petition demanding the establishing a space of free intellectual debate, which would include the right to political criticism. The petition also demands the right to establish a new independent journal for intellectual discussion.
1 October A group 5 Slovenian intellectuals launch an all-Yugoslav petition for the abolition of the Article 133 of the Yugoslav Criminal Code which enables the persecution of individuals for criticising the regime.

1981

Date Event
11 March 1981 protests in Kosovo: Student protest starts at the University of Pristina
1 April Between 5,000 and 25,000 demonstrators of Albanian nationality call for SAP Kosovo to become a constituent republic inside Yugoslavia, as opposed to an autonomous province of Serbia.
2 April Presidency sends special forces to stop the demonstrations and declares a state of emergency in regards to Kosovo. State of emergency lasts 7 days.[3]
3 April End of demonstrations during which 9 people are killed and more than 250 injured.[4]

1982

Date Event
February 2 A rock and punk rock concert in support of the Polish Solidarity movement is held in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
May In Slovenia, the alternative journal Nova revija is launched. The event is frequently considered as the beginning of gradual democratization in Slovenia.

1983

Date Event
April 12 Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church sign a petition against the persecution of Serbs in Kosovo.
April 23 The Slovenian music group Laibach played a concert at Music Biennale Zagreb during which they presented mashups using videos of Tito and pornographic videos (Tito was shown on screen at the same time as an erect penis). This incident led to violent intervention by military and police forces. The band had to leave Croatia and was later banned from the country. Laibach was also involved in Neue Slowenische Kunst.
June to August Alija Izetbegović was again arrested by the communists and tried in the famous Sarajevo trial of 1983. Izetbegović was accused and condemned for his writings, and in particular for the Islamic Declaration, in which he wrote that there was a renaissance among the Muslims of the world, who were waking from their lethargy. Although this work was of a theoretical nature and based on being “for” rather than “against”, the communists sentenced Izetbegović’s thinking to fourteen years in prison. This time he spent five years and eight months behind bars.

1984

Date Event
January 1 A group of 26 Slovenian intellectuals and public figures demand the change of the Yugoslav Constitution in the way that it would explicitly protect the freedom of speech and assembly. Signatories include figures like Rastko Močnik, Alenka Puhar, Gregor Tomc, Ivo Urbančič, Pero Lovšin and Dane Zajc.
March 14 US policy toward Yugoslavia is changed with National Security Decision Directive 133,[5] but aim of policy is shown in 1982 NSDD 54 which is calling for "silent" revolutions in communist countries

1985

Date Event
1 May Kosovo resident Đorđe Martinović is treated for injuries caused by the forceful insertion of a glass bottle into his anus. Investigators come to different conclusions about the event, ranging from self-inflicted injuries[6] to rape with a bottle.[7] Martinović claims that he has been raped by an Albanian fundamentalist. This last statement creates a nationalistic outcry in Serbia.
25 May The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts decides to create a memorandum about political, economic, and cultural areas of debate regarding the Serbian people in SFRY.
20 July Presidency of SFRY accepts a report by Milan Kučan which states that the right of the Serbian nation to create its own state is not fulfilled owing to the autonomy of the provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina.
September The Venetic Theory, according to which the Slovenes are not South Slavs, is launched by historian Jožko Šavli and philologist Matej Bor. The theory, with a pronounced anti-Yugoslav connotation, gains widespread popularity [citation needed] in Slovenia in the following years.

1986

Date Event
April The 12th Congress of the League of Socialist Youth of Slovenia passes a resolution supporting the notion of civil society, with an explicit reference to environmentalist, human rights, gay rights, and pacifist grassroots movements in Slovenia. They also demand the introduction of freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, right to strike in the whole of Yugoslavia. The support of conscientious objectors provokes a confrontation with the Yugoslav People's Army.
28 May Slobodan Milošević is elected to the position of president of the League of Communists of Serbia.
24 September Večernje Novosti leaks the Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
25 September President of Serbia Ivan Stambolić criticizes the Memorandum, stating: "It is a deadly chauvinist war manifest for Serbist commissars".

1987

Date Event
20 February The Slovenian alternative journal Nova revija publishes the Contributions to the Slovenian National Program, a collection of sixteen articles in favour of an independent and democratic Slovenia
26 February The "Poster Scandal" breaks out. Earlier in the year, the Slovenian neo-avantgardist artistic movement Neue Slowenische Kunst designed a poster which won a competition for the Yugoslavian Youth Day Celebration. The poster, however, appropriated a painting by Nazi artist Richard Klein, by only replacing the flag of Nazi Germany with the Yugoslav flag and the German eagle with a dove. The provocation, aiming at pointing out the totalitarian nature of the Titoist ideology, provokes an outcry among the pro-Communist public in both Slovenia and Yugoslavia.
24 April Slobodan Milošević delivers a speech about Kosovo to a crowd of 15,000 Serbs and Montenegrins, telling them: "You will not be beaten". Later that evening, Serbian television airs a video of Milošević's speech. President of Serbia Ivan Stambolić later remarks that after watching this video he has seen "the end of Yugoslavia".
26 June One thousand Serbs and Montenegrins from Kosovo protest outside of the Belgrade parliament building against persecution by ethnic Albanians.[8]
2/3 September Aziz Kelmendi, a JNA soldier of Albanian nationality, kills 4 other JNA soldiers and wounds 7 others. During the funeral Albanian-owned shops are attacked by mobs.[9]
10 September Reform of the Serbian constitution.
24 September During the 8th Session of the League of Communists of Serbia, Milošević defeats Ivan Stambolić, who later resigns.
November The Helsinki Committee of Yugoslavia was founded.
9 December The Litostroj strike breaks out in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Workers demand the right to establish independent trade unions and political pluralization. The organizing committee for the formation of an independent the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia is formed. The event is considered as the beginning of the process of political pluralization in Slovenia.

1988

Date Event
12 February A committee of Serbian academics demands the creation of a "Serbian Autonomous Oblast" in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.
7 April The Croatian film Život sa stricem, about a communist official's return to Catholicism, is released despite protests by the Croatian SUBNOR.[10]
25 April The Slovenian Writers' Association and the Slovenian Sociological Association publish a proposal for an alternative Slovenian constitution. Authors of the proposal include several prominent intellectual figures, like Veljko Rus, France Bučar, Dimitrij Rupel, Veno Taufer, Milan Apih, Tine Hribar, Peter Jambrek, Janez Menart, and Tone Pavček.
12 May The Slovenian Peasant Union is formed in a mass meeting in Ljubljana as the first openly non-Communist political association in Yugoslavia. The event is usually considered as the beginning of the Slovenian Spring.
15 May SFRY minister of defense Admiral Branko Mamula is fired because of his opposition to Milošević.[11] Veljko Kadijević takes his place as the new minister.
31 May – 4 June The JNA captures Janez Janša and 3 other persons in Slovenia. Accusations are made about the discovery of a "state secret". The arrests provoke a national outcry in Slovenia.[12] During the so-called Ljubljana trial, a Committee for the Protection of Human Rights is formed, which becomes the central civil society platform in Slovenia.
27 September Boško Krunić, a representative of League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and Franc Šetinc, a Slovenian member of the Yugoslav Communist Party Politburo, resign due to ethnic conflict between Serbs and Albanians.[13]
4 October A crowd of people gathers in Bačka Palanka to protest against the provincial government of Vojvodina.
5 October Under the control of Slobodan Milošević, Mihalj Kertes and 100,000 men from Bačka Palanka and the rest of Serbia enter Novi Sad, the capital of Vojvodina, to support protests against the government of Vojvodina.
6 October After the JNA refuses to disperse the crowd or protect the parliament building in Novi Sad, the entire parliament of Vojvodina resigns and is replaced with politicians loyal to Milošević.[14] The structure of the Presidency of Yugoslavia changes by effectively giving Serbia 2 votes out of 8.
9 October Montenegrin police intervene against protesters in Titograd and proclaim a state of emergency.[15] This is seen by Serbia as an act of hostility.
10 October Raif Dizdarevic, president of SFRY, warns that the crisis in Yugoslavia might lead to "extraordinary conditions". The President declares that the demonstrations against Communist Party leaders in various sections of the country are "negative events" which can lead to "unpredictable consequences".[16]
17 October A failed attempt by Stipe Šuvar to oust Slobodan Milošević from the Yugoslav Central Committee takes place.
November 1988 The number of Presidency members is reduced to 8; the Presidency position for the president of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia is abolished.
17 November Resignation of the Kosovo provincial government; politicians loyal to Slobodan Milošević are installed. This event triggers the first of many demonstrations by ethnic Albanians. The structure of the Presidency changes again, Serbia now effectively having 3 votes out of 8.
18 November A massive rally of almost one million people is held in Belgrade in support of Milošević's policies.[17]
19 November About 100,000 ethnic Albanians, angered by Serbian removal of provincial leaders, march through the capital of Kosovo.[18]
28 November 1500 Croats protest the Yugoslav embassy in Sydney, Australia to coincide with its Republic Day. A consulate worker shoots at and wounds a 16-year-old protestor.[19] The consulate is subsequently closed the following week.
31 December Facing a foreign debt reaching 21 billion US dollars, a 15% unemployment rate and a 250% rate of inflation, the Yugoslav government of Branko Mikulić resigns.[20]

1989

Date Event
10 January Over 100,000 protesters gather in Titograd to protest the regional government of Montenegro. Members resign the next day;[21] the new leadership consists of Momir Bulatović, Milo Đukanović and Svetozar Marović, strongly allied with Milošević. The structure of the Yugoslav Presidency now effectively gives Serbia 4 out of 8 votes (the remaining votes belonging to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia)
11 January The Slovenian Democratic Union is founded.
16 February The Social Democratic Union of Slovenia is founded.
20 February Albanian workers in the Trepca mine (near Kosovska Mitrovica) go on strike.
27 February The Yugoslav Presidency declares a state of emergency in Kosovo due to Albanian protests.
28 February Franjo Tuđman made a public appearance in the building of the Writer's Association of Croatia, delivering a speech outlining the political programme of what would become the Croatian Democratic Union.
3 March Arrest of Azem Vllasi.
4 March The Serbian Writers Association discusses hate towards Serbs in Croatia, Kosovo and Slovenia. At this meeting Vuk Drašković mentions "Serbian western frontiers".
10 March The Slovene Christian Social Movement is founded.
16 March Ante Marković is new prime minister of Yugoslavia, after earlier Slobodan Milošević has rejected that position offered to him by Minister of Defence Veljko Kadijević. BBC will call Marković "Washington's best ally in Yugoslavia" [22]
28 March With the Serbian change of constitution, Yugoslav provinces Vojvodina and Kosovo have autonomy abolished, but retain a seat in the presidency of Yugoslavia.
8 May Slobodan Milošević becomes president of Serbia.
8 May Slovenian opposition parties and the Slovenian Writer's Association issue a joint manifesto, known as the May Declaration, demanding a sovereign and democratic Slovenian nation state. The Declaration is publicly read by the poet Tone Pavček in a mass demonstration on Ljubljana's central Congress Square.
29 May The Croatian Social Liberal Union is founded.
11 June The Greens of Slovenia are founded as the first environmentalist party in Yugoslavia.
17 June Creation of the Croatian Democratic Union in Croatia.
28 June Addressing perhaps as many as 2,000,000 Serbs, Slobodan Milošević delivers the Gazimestan speech in which he speaks about the possibility of future "armed battles", but also about the fact, that Serbia is a multiethnic country, where every citizen has to be provided with equal rights, no matter the nationality or religion.
1 August Yugoslavian ambassador to the USA Živorad Kovačević is recalled after Congress votes to condemn human rights abuses in Yugoslavia.[23]
14 September At a meeting of the Serbian Writers Association in Belgrade, Vuk Drašković appeals for the creation of a Serbian Krajina in Croatia.
17 September Against federal warnings SR Slovenia amends its constitution in the name of greater autonomy and the right to secede from Yugoslavia.[24] The term "Socialist" is dropped from the republic's official name, and provisions enabling free elections are established.
29 September Demonstrations take place in Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia and Vojvodina against the Slovenian constitutional amendments.
20 October The Presidency of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina discovers actions of the Serbian Secret Service in Bosnian territory.
30 October Beginning of court proceedings against Azem Vllasi and other Kosovar politicians.
3 November Police use force during Albanian demonstrations in Kosovo; some demonstrators are killed.
11 November The Croatian Peasant Party is reformed in Zagreb.
20 November Slovenia refuses to allow demonstrations by Serbs and Montenegrins in Ljubljana. In line with this decision, Croatia declares that it will not allow people from Serbia and Montenegro travelling to Slovenia for December 1 demonstrations to cross its territory.[2]
27 November The Democratic Opposition of Slovenia is formed as a unitary platform of all major anti-Communist political parties in Slovenia, chaired by the émigré dissident Jože Pučnik.[25]
29 November In response to the ban on demonstrations, Serbia begins an economic blockade of Slovenia.[26]
1 December Fewer than 100 people turn up at a protest in front of the Slovenian Assembly in Ljubljana. The local Police forces disperse the crowd.
10 December Secret meeting of Croatian and Slovenian presidents.
13 December Ivica Račan becomes president of the Croatian Communist Party against the wishes of the Yugoslav Army.
31 December Slobodan Milošević decides to stop sending electrical power to residents of Croatia. Italian foreign minister Gianni de Michelis calls Croats and Slovenes extremist without any chance to enter Europe outside Yugoslavia.

1990

Date Event
1 January Prime Minister Ante Marković's (appointed on 17 March 1989) economic program is launched.
20 January 14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia begins at the Sava Centar in Belgrade.
22 January Slovenian, Croatian and Macedonian delegates abandon the last Congress of the Communist League of Yugoslavia.[27] The Communist Party of Yugoslavia is dissolved.
25 January More Albanian protests against emergency rule occur in Kosovo. A crowd of 40,000 people is dispersed with water cannons and tear gas.[28]
26 January The Yugoslav Defense Minister Veljko Kadijević requests an increase in military personnel stationed in Slovenia. The JNA creates a military plan of action for territories with ethnically mixed populations (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia).
29 January General strike in Kosovo.
31 January The Yugoslav Presidency decides to send the JNA into Kosovo to restore order.
3 February The Democratic Party is founded in Serbia.
14 February The Croatian Parliament passes amendments to Croatia's constitution, allowing multi-party elections.
16 February Zdravko Mustač, chief of the UDBA, states that the HDZ would launch a pogrom of Serbs 48 hours after election victory.
17 February Formation of the Serb Democratic Party takes place in Knin, Croatia.
4 March A protest of 50,000 Serbs from Croatia and Serbia takes place on Petrova Gora "against Franjo Tuđman and the Ustaše", demanding the "territorial integrity of Yugoslavia".
10 March The BBC reports on the deteriorating situation between Croats and Serbs and the tensions arising after Serbian demands on Petrova Gora.
17 March Duško Čubrilović, of Serb ethnicity, tries to assassinate Franjo Tuđman at an election rally in Benkovac.
21 March Serbs around Zadar organise nightly checkpoints, controlling vehicles and even buses passing through.
23 March The Slovenian Democratic Opposition issues a proposal for an alternative Slovenian Constitution. The proposal, authored by Peter Jambrek, France Bučar and Tine Hribar, clearly envisions an independent democratic state.
26 March Serbian leadership meets to assess the situation in Yugoslavia and agrees that war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina is inevitable.
30 March Meeting of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia without members from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia.
3 April Members of the Croatian police are withdrawn from Kosovo.
8 April The DEMOS coalition wins the first multiparty elections in Slovenia. Milan Kučan of the former Communist Party is elected President of the Republic, while the Christian Democrat Lojze Peterle becomes Prime Minister.
22 April First multiparty elections in Croatia. The winner is the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) which takes 193 out of 365 parliament places.[29] The Serb Democratic Party won the majority in towns such as Benkovac, Korenica, Knin and others.[30]
26 April Meeting between Borisav Jović, future president of the Presidency, and minister of defence Veljko Kadijević, who reports that the JNA is ready to engage in Slovenia and Croatia.
13 May A large riot breaks out at the Dinamo Zagreb-Red Star Belgrade match at Dinamo's Maksimir stadium.
May The Croatian government began to "fire Serbs from jobs in the Croatian police, state bureaucracy, and state-owned companies". In addition, "Serbs were alarmed by the reintroduction of historic Croatian symbols and insignia that had also been used by the Ustaše". Consequently, Tudjman tended to rule in an authoritarian way and "refused to condemn the former Ustaše state and its crimes". As a result, many Serbs in Croatia became convinced that the HDZ sought to restore the Ustaše regime.[31]
17 May The JNA begins to disarm territorial defense of Slovenia and Croatia, but Slovenian refusal prevents disarming in Slovenia.
26 May Creation of the SDA in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
30 May The Croatian parliament elects Franjo Tuđman as president and Stipe Mesić as prime minister. The Serb Democratic Party of Jovan Rašković breaks off all relations with the Croatian parliament.
30 May In the newspaper Svet, Vojislav Šešelj says: "The border of our Serbia is not Drina. Drina is a Serbian river which runs through the middle of Serbia".[32]
3 June The Yugoslav anthem and national team are booed at Zagreb's Maksimir stadium during an international exhibition match against the Netherlands.
6 June The Parliament of the city of Knin proposes creating an Association of the municipalities of Northern Dalmatia and Lika.
8 June The JNA creates new brigades in the regions of Zagreb, Knin, Banja Luka and Herzegovina.
27 June Creation of the Association of the municipalities of Northern Dalmatia and Lika in Knin.
28 June Slobodan Milošević tells the Yugoslav president of the Presidency Borisav Jović that he thinks that: "the breakup of Croatia needs to be done in such a way that the Association of the municipalities of Northern Dalmatia and Lika stay on our side of the border".
29 June In Croatia, the term "Socialist" is dropped from the republic's official name and a temporary new flag and coat of arms are adopted.
30 June Vladimir Šeks, vice president of Croatian parliament, says that SFRY needs to become a confederation.
1 July Milan Babić speaks in the village Kosovo near Knin (Croatia) about the future creation of SAO Krajina.
1 July The Parliament of Slovenia votes to declare independence (but independence is not proclaimed).
2 July The Parliament of Kosovo declares Kosovo republic with rights and powers identical to other 6 republics. In response the declaration, the Parliament of Serbia abolishes the Parliament of Kosovo.[33]
20 July The Parliament of Serbia changes its election laws to allow first multiparty elections.
25 July The Parliament of Croatia votes for a series of constitutional changes. References to communism are removed from government institutions and symbols, and the country's official name becomes the Republic of Croatia.[34] Vladimir Šeks speaks about the confederation on 30 June.
25 July The Serb Democratic Party of Croatia creates the Serb National Council and proclaims the Declaration of Autonomy of the Serbs in Croatia. Decision is also made to conduct a referendum on the autonomy of the Serbs in Croatia on August 19, 1990.[30]
26 July The Croatian News Agency is established.
30 July Members of HDZ are attacked in Berak near Vukovar.
31 July At the first meeting of the Serbian National Council in Croatia a decision is made that a referendum is needed on Serbian autonomy in Croatia. After receiving this news the Croatian government bans such a referendum.[35] Milan Babić is elected president of the council.[36][37]
31 July The Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina changes its constitution to officially become the home of Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats.
5 August Creation of the Serbian Democratic Party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
13 August A delegation of Serbs from Knin under the presidency of Milan Babić comes to Belgrade, meeting with the Yugoslav president of the Presidency Borisav Jović and with the Yugoslav minister of interior Petar Gračanin. Borisav Jović declares that municipalities will decide if they will stay in Yugoslavia or not.
17 August Serbs of "Krajina", accusing Croatian authorities of discrimination, raise barricades on key roads around Knin, beginning the Log Revolution.[38] In Benkovac, the Police of the Republic of Croatia prevented the Serbian direct vote of separation. The Serbs raised barricades in incident known as the Log Revolution. The revolt is explained by the Serbs with words that they are "terrorized [by Croatian government] and [fight for] more cultural, language and education rights". Serbian newspaper "Večernje Novosti" writes that "2.000.000 Serbs [are] ready to go to Croatia to fight". On the other side the Western diplomats are saying that The Serbian media is inflaming passions and Croatian government is saying "We knew about the scenario to create confusion in Croatia..."[38]
18 August Creation of the Croatian Democratic Union in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
19 August The Serb referendum in Croata sees 97.7% people of the regions they held it in voting in favour of Serb autonomy in Croatia.[30]
20 August The Yugoslav government and the JNA demand that Croatia not take action against Serbs rebels in so-called Krajina.
At the finals of the FIBA World Championship, Vlade Divac took a Croatian flag from a spectator and stamped on it.
24 August Croatian president Franjo Tuđman asks for a meeting with Serbian president Slobodan Milošević.
27 August Registration of new political parties in Serbia permitted.[39]
30 August Croatian constitutional court abolishes (de jure) the "Association of municipalities from northern Dalmatia and Lika", declaring it unconstitutional.
September Albanian members of the dissolved Kosovo parliament meet clandestinely and adopt an alternative constitution.[40]
3 September Albanians begin general strike in Kosovo.[41]
3 September Ivan Zvonimir Čičak and Marinko Božić create the Croatian Patriotic Organization in Herzegovina. Because the black uniforms of the members of the organization appear similar to those of Croatian Quisling forces during World War II, the Serbian Press calls them Ustaše.
7 September Josip Boljkovac, Croatian minister of internal affairs, presents an ultimatum to rebels from the Krajina region to stop all actions against the constitution of Croatia and to relinquish their arms to the government of Croatia by noon on 12 September.
9 September The Serb Democratic Party demands protection of the Yugoslav Presidency.
12 September Serbian radio in Knin asks citizens to stop returning arms to the government of Croatia.
13 September Massacre in Polat (village in Kosovo) committed by Serbian forces.[42]
18 September Failed "coup" among Bosniaks Party of Democratic Action.
19 September The Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina votes to stay within the SFRY.
26 September Serbs from Pakrac, Petrinja and Sisak (in Croatia) begin to block road traffic.
28 September The Constitution of Serbia is revised: the autonomy of Vojvodina and Kosovo is revoked but their members in the Presidency of Yugoslavia retain their positions. The word "Socialist" is removed from the Republic of Serbia.
30 September Serbian National Council in Croatia that Serbian people votes on referendum (which has been declared illegal by Croatia) for Serbian autonomy inside Croatia which is inside Yugoslavia.
1 October The Serbian National Council proclaims the creation of Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina in Croatia.
1 October George Bush, in a meeting with the Yugoslav president of the Presidency, gives full support to Yugoslavia.
2 October Croatian Serbs declare their autonomy on vaguely worded referendum on Serbian autonomy conducted throughout Yugoslavia. Croatia's government has repeatedly said that the Serbs' referendum is illegal.[43]
3 October Croatia and Slovenia make an offer to the Yugoslav Presidency for the creation of a Yugoslav confederation.
4 October The Slovenian Parliament abolishes 27 Yugoslav laws on Slovenian territory.
11 October The Vojvodina oil company Naftagas takes control of Croatian oil company propriety in the self-proclaimed Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina.
In Zagreb the statue of Josip Jelačić is returned to Republic Square and its name is restored to Ban Jelačić Square.
16 October In a Yugoslav Presidency meeting Croatia and Slovenia again demand the creation of a Yugoslav confederation. Representatives from all other republics vote against the proposition.
17 October Croatia played the United States in its first international football match.
23 October Serbian parliament votes for taxes on goods from Croatia and Slovenia.
26 October Slobodan Milošević asks for military actions only against Croatia and "only" in territory where there are Serbs.
18 November First multiparty election in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Party of Democratic Action (SDA) (party of Bosnian Muslims) receives 86 seats (35%), the Serbian Democratic Party (SDP) 72 (29%), and the Croatian Democratis Union (HDZ) 44 (18%). In the Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency the SDA receives 3 seats and the SDP 2.
22 November Meeting between Croatian and Slovenian presidents about future independence.
25 November VMRO–DPMNE wins the first multiparty elections in the Republic of Macedonia with 37 seats in parliament. Communists receive only 31 seats.
28 November Janez Drnovšek (the Slovenian president of the Yugoslav Presidency until May 1990) and the president of the Yugoslav Presidency Borisav Jović hold a meeting in which Slovenia is given a green light for leaving Yugoslavia.
29 November Arkan of paramilitary Serb Volunteer Guard is arrested in Croatia, but is soon released.
3 December Strongly divided between priests which support or oppose Slobodan Milošević, the Serbian Orthodox Church chooses Pavle, Bishop of Raška and Prizren in Kosovo as its new Patriarch.
7 December The Yugoslav minister of defense Veljko Kadijević, speaking on Belgrade television, attacks the current Croatian leadership for recreating fascism and for genocide against Serbs.
9 December Slobodan Milošević of the Socialist Party of Serbia wins the first Serbian multiparty election for president with 65.35% of the vote.[44]
9 December The League of Communists of Montenegro wins the first Montenegro multiparty elections.
21 December In Knin, Milan Babić proclaims SAO Krajina, covering municipalities in the regions of Northern Dalmatia and Lika, in south-western Croatia.[30] The same month, Babić became the President of the Temporary Executive Council of the SAO Krajina.[37]
22 December The Croatian Parliament votes for a new constitution according to which Croatia is defined as a "national state of the Croatian nation and a state of members of other nations or minorities who are citizens".[30] Removing the Serbs' name from the constitution creates an outcry among the Serb minority in Croatia. Parliament visitors during vote include Milan Kučan president of Slovenia and Alija Izetbegović president of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
23 December The Socialist Party of Serbia receives 192 out of 250 seats in the Serbian Parliament.
23 December Momir Bulatović, having received his position after the January coup, is elected president of Montenegro with 76.9% of the vote.
23 December In the Slovenian independence referendum, 88.5% of the overall electorate (94.8% of votes), with the turnout of 93.3%, supported independence of the country.[45][46]
26 December Serbia takes 1.8 billion US dollars (2.5 billion Deutsche Mark) in local currency (Yugoslav dinar) from the Yugoslav Central Bank.[47] Under pressure from the other republics and the World Bank 1.5 billion Deutsche Mark are later returned.[48]
31 December The Constitutional court of Croatia declares that SAO Krajina does not exist in a legal sense.
31 December Yugoslav industrial output falls 18.2% in 1990.[49]

1991

Date Event
4 January The Croatian government creates a defense council.
4 January Creation of Krajina police forces.
4 January Veljko Kadijević, Yugoslav minister of defense, demands from Yugoslav president of presidency Borisav Jović that nations and not republics vote for staying in or leaving Yugoslavia.
9 January Yugoslav president of the Presidency Borisav Jović demands that the Presidency vote for use of the JNA against Croatia and Slovenia. All 3 Presidency members under Serbian control (Kosovo, Serbia and Vojvodina) and the member from Montenegro vote for the use of force, but members of the Presidency from the other republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia) vote against the use of force.
10 January After a meeting of the Yugoslav Presidency with the JNA, the army is authorized to take weapons from "paramilitary forces".
10 January Because of his vote on 9 January, Radovan Karadžić demands the resignation of Bogić Bogićević, a Bosnian Serb elected in a 25 June 1989 referendum to represent Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Yugoslav Presidency.[50]
15 January Veljko Kadijević declares that the Serbs of Croatia are relinquishing their weapons, but Croats are not.
January The SAO Krajina established the "Regional Secretariat for Internal Affairs" in Knin, and Milan Martić was appointed Secretary of Internal Affairs. The government of Croatia was informed that the Croatian police would no longer be considered as having authority within SAO Krajina.[30]
24 January The Croatian constitution declares that the Yugoslav Presidency decision of 10 January is illegal and that Croatia must protect itself and its citizens.[51]
February Council of Europe has voted that, to join Europe Yugoslavia would have to resolve its crisis peacefully and hold elections for the Federal Parliament.[52]
21 February The Slovenian parliament approves legislation to take over banking and defense from the Yugoslav central government.[53]
21 February After receiving news of the Slovenian parliament's decision to start legal actions for independence and for the possible creation of new union of independent states, the Croatian parliament makes a similar decision.[54]
22 February The Parliament of Pakrac municipality, with a relative majority of Serbs, votes to enter Krajina.
22 February "Armed Serbs in Pakrac took control of the police station and disarmed 16 Croatian policemen".[55]
26 February The Serbian national council of Baranja, Western Syrmia and Slavonia votes that if Croatia leaves Yugoslavia then the territory under council control will separate from Croatia.
28 February The Serbian national council of SAO Krajina votes that Krajina will stay in Yugoslavia and expresses the wish for a peaceful separation of Croatia and SAO Krajina. [3]
1 March Pakrac clash - Pakrac police station was regained by the Croatian police because of a counterattack.[55][56] The first shots of the Yugoslav wars were fired in Pakrac on this day.[57]
3 March Pakrac clash - The Yugoslav army is deployed to stop fighting between Serbian villagers (who have seized control of a police station in Pakrac) and a Croatian police unit which has restored control of the police station and town.[55] Although no one is killed during the fighting this event marks the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence.
9 March Beginning of large student demonstrations in Belgrade. The Presidency authorizes the JNA to protect important buildings but on this pretext the JNA also attacks demonstrators.[58]
12 March Meeting of Yugoslav presidency in JNA Headquarters during demonstrations. The JNA demands that a war situation be declared. The vote replicates that of 9 January, with presidency members under Milošević control voting for war and others against (4:4). After the vote important members of the Yugoslav army go on "diplomatic" missions to France, the UK and the USSR.[50]
15 March Speaking on Serbian State Television, Slobodan Milošević declares: "Yugoslavia does not exist any more".[32]
17 March After the Serbian resolution is defeated in a Yugoslav Presidency vote, Slobodan Milošević orders the mobilization of Serbian special forces and declares "Serbia will not recognize any decisions by the Presidency of Yugoslavia".[59]
20 March 200 Serbian writers, film makers and actors sign a petition against Slobodan Milošević because he has "opted for a policy of war".[60]
29 March Plitvice Lakes incident - Serb Krajina police under Mile Martić take control of the Plitvice Lakes National Park
31 March Plitvice Lakes incident - On Easter Sunday, Croatian police forces move in and are ambushed by Serbian rebels. During the firefight a Croatian policeman Josip Jović becomes the first victim of the Croatian War of Independence.[61]
1 April Croatian police forces retake the Plitvice lakes, and 15 minutes of gunfire ensue.[62]
2 April Yugoslav People's Army commands the Croatian police to evacuate Plitvice, to which they comply.
2 April In Titova Korenica, President of "Krajina" Milan Babic proclaims the union of this Croatian region under control of rebel Serbs with Serbia.[63]
2 April Beginning of a Zagreb military court hearing against Croatian minister of defence Martin Špegelj for the Croatian rebellion against the Yugoslavia army. The strongest evidence comes from the Špegelj Tapes. Under Croatian popular pressure the trial is postponed [64] and Špegelj escapes to Austria.
April Future Croatian defense minister Gojko Šušak organized and participated in firing three shoulder-launched Armbrust missiles into Borovo Selo in an attempt to fan the flames of the war.[65]
1 May Borovo Selo killings - Four Croatian policemen entered Borovo Selo and tried to replace the Yugoslav flag in the village with a Croatian one. The police were killed or taken hostage by the local Serbs and later mutilated by having their eyes and ears cut.[65]
2 May Borovo Selo killings - A bus load of Croatian policemen (150) seeking to reassert control ran headlong into an ambush, leaving 15 dead (12 Croats and 3 Serbs) and over 20 wounded.[65] The Yugoslav army arrives and ends the combat, creating a border line between territory under Croatian and rebel control.[66]
6 May Large anti-Yugoslav demonstration in Split ends in violence. The tanks of Yugoslav Army with soldiers of mostly non-Croatian and non-Serbian nationality were sent on the streets. Sašo Gešovski, the soldier of Macedonian origin, was shot dead.[67]
12 May Serbs from Croatian territory under the control of Serbs vote on a referendum for union with Serbia.[68]
16 May Acting against the Yugoslav constitution, Serbian representative Borisav Jović demands a vote to prevent Stjepan Mesić from becoming the president of the Yugoslav presidency. Because of 3 Serbian votes and 1 of Montenegro Mesić does not become president.[69]
19 May Referendum held for independence in Croatia. With 86% of all Croatian voters turning out, 94.17% vote in favor of independence.[68]
25 June Croatia makes a constitutional decision about independence.
25 June Slovenia declares independence.
26 June Last day of Croatian and Slovenian deadline for new inter-republic agreements about Yugoslavia.[70]
27 June Start of Ten-Day War in Slovenia, which lasts until 6 July 1991.
30 June At the demand of western officials Serbia stops its block on Stjepan Mesić's election as the Yugoslav president of Presidency.[71]
7 July The Brioni Agreement ceases hostilities in Slovenia. Slovenia and Croatia agree to freeze their independence for a three-month period. The Yugoslav People's Army agrees to withdraw from Slovenia.
28 July Concert Yutel for peace held in Sarajevo
31 July Milan Babic, president of insurgent Serbs in Krajina, rejects peace proposal by the ministers of the European Community.[72]
21–22 August The Government of Macedonia executes a secret plan for confiscation of all federal documents about Yugoslav Army recruits on Macedonian territory.[73]
25 August Beginning of the Siege of Vukovar.
27 August The European Economic Community sets up the Badinter Commission to consider and hand down legal opinions on fifteen questions concerning the conflict in Yugoslavia.
29 August The Women's organization Bedem ljubavi starts protests around Yugoslav People's Army barracks calling for Croats and other ethnic groups to be released from conscription.[74]
8 September Macedonia votes for independence. The turnout of the voters was 75%, and 95% of them voted for independence. Today this day is celebrated as independence day.[75]
15 September Supreme Command Headquarters of the Yugoslav armed forces calls for partial mobilization, in violation of the Yugoslav constitution.[76]
September Houses belonging to Croats were torched in Hrvatska Dubica and the neighbouring village of Cerovljani, and widespread looting was committed by the TO, the Milicija Krajine, the JNA as well as by local Serbs. Local Croats were detained and subjected to mistreatment and were also used as live shields by the Serb forces. Serbs moved into the houses which the fleeing Croats had left.[citation needed]
19 September Serbian RAM Plan for war in Bosnia and Herzegovina is discovered and discussed in the Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[76] Yugoslav prime minister Ante Marković confirms that Slobodan Milošević has ordered the Yugoslav army to give weapons to the territorial defense of Bosanska Krajina, which is under the control of Radovan Karadžić.[76]
26 September The Serbian parliament is informed that the response to the partial mobilization is very poor because only 50% of those called have shown up.[76]
30 September Referendum held for independence in Kosovo. A majority is in favor of independence. Serbia does not accept it.
7 October Banski dvori are attacked by rockets of the Yugoslav People's Army.
7 October The Croatian Parliament declares independence from Yugoslavia.
8 October Croatia declares independence from Yugoslavia.
13 October Radovan Karadžić tells Momčilo Mandić: "In just a couple of days, Sarajevo will be gone and there will be five hundred thousand dead, in one month Muslims will be annihilated in Bosnia and Herzegovina."[77]
15 October Radovan Karadžić tells Miodrag Davidović and Luka Karadžić: "In the first place no one of their leadership (Bosniaks) would stay alive, in three, four hours they'd all be killed. They wouldn't have a chance to survive at all".[77]
16, 18 October Croat individuals killed 100–120 civilians Serb residents of Gospić. The incident became known as the "Gospić massacre".[78][79]
20 October 40 local civilians, almost exclusively Croat, were killed.[30]
21 October Serbian paramilitary forces in Croatia commit the Baćin massacre.
26 October Last Yugoslav Army troops leave Slovenia, departing from the port of Koper.
31 October The "Convoy of Peace", carrying delegates including Yugoslavian President Stipe Mesić and Croatian Premier Franjo Gregurić, arrives in Dubrovnik amid a siege of the city by the Yugoslav People's Army.
10 November Bosnian Serbs vote on a referendum to stay in the common state with Serbia.[80]
18–21 November Vukovar massacre at Ovčara.
2 December President of Macedonia sends an official letter to the presidents of the foreign governments asking for recognition of the independence of Macedonia. Immediately after that Greece starts military provocations on the Macedonian-Greece border.[81]
9 December The Badinter Commission publishes its first opinion, deciding that the SFRY "is in the process of dissolution."
11 December Ukraine recognizes Croatia.
12–13 December Serbian paramilitary forces in Croatia commit Voćin massacre.
16 December Resignation of Dragutin Zelenovic, Serbian prime minister and former member of the Yugoslav Presidency from Vojvodina.[76]
17 December Yugoslav prime minister Ante Marković resigns, refusing to accept a federal budget in which the Yugoslav army will receive 86% of all funds.[76]
19 December Iceland recognizes Croatia; Germany announces that it will recognize Croatia on January 15, 1992, with or without the rest of the European Community.
23 December Germany becomes the first major power to recognize Croatia and Slovenia as independent states.
23 December The Croatian government launches a transitional currency under the name Croatian dinar.[76]
24 December The Yugoslav central bank launches a new Yugoslav dinar.[76]

1992

Date Event
3–6 January Sarajevo Agreement: a ceasefire agreement between Croatia on one side and Serbia and Serbian rebels on the other side - holds. Around 10,000 UN soldiers are to arrive shortly to prevent future warfare in Croatian territory.[76]
7 January A Yugoslav Mig aircraft attacks and destroys 1 of 2 EC monitoring mission helicopters with 5 crew members on board.[82] Soon afterward the Yugoslav defence minister resigns.[83]
9 January Bosnian Serbs declare the establishment of their own republic, effective from the date of international recognition of Bosnia. Territory of the new republic includes wherever Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina are in the majority "and all other regions where the Serbian people represent a minority due to the Second World War genocide".[76]
15 January The European Community recognizes Slovenia and Croatia.
20 January Mr. Koljević, a leader of the Bosnian Serbs, talks with a newspaper about his discussion with Croatian president Franjo Tuđman about a Bosnia and Herzegovina "transformation".[76]
27 January The Montenegro Parliament votes for a referendum to see if citizens still support the Yugoslav federation.[76]
8–23 February Croatia and Slovenia compete at the 1992 Winter Olympics. Rump Yugoslavia also participates.
22 February The Macedonian newspaper Nova Makedonija published the Agreement between Macedonian Government and the Yugoslav Army for the ongoing peaceful withdrawal of the Yugoslav Army from the territory of Republic of Macedonia. According to this Agreement the last Yugoslav soldier should leave Macedonian territory on 15 April 1992.[84] The withdrawal of the Yugoslav Army from Macedonia started with the beginning of the winter of 1991/92.
21 February United Nations Security Council Resolution 743 sets up a Protection Force (UNPROFOR) mandated to create three IJN Protected Areas (UNPAs) in Croatia.
29 February A referendum on independence is held in Bosnia. A majority of Muslims and Croats vote in favor, but a majority of Serbs boycott the vote.
1 March On the first day after the referendum a wedding groom's father, Nikola Gardovic, an ethnic Serb, is killed by Ramiz Delalic, an ethnic Bosniak, at a Serbian wedding. Gardovic is considered by many Serbs as the first casualty of the Bosnian war.[85]
2 March Kiro Gligorov, the president of Macedonia, speaks publicly about the agreement between the Republic of Macedonia and the Yugoslav army for its peaceful withdrawal from Macedonia.[86]
17 March The last Yugoslav soldier left Macedonian territory.[84]
23 March Vienna agreement between Croatia and Serbia.[87]
1 April The Serbian Volunteer Guard, commanded by gangster Željko Ražnjatović Arkan, takes Bijeljina.[88]
3 April Yugoslav army and Serbian paramilitary forces battle against Bošnjak and Croat forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina around Bosanski Brod and Kupres.[88]
5 April Bosnia and Herzegovina president Alija Izetbegović orders mobilization of the national guard and police reserve.[89]
7 April The EC and the United States recognize Bosnia.[90] An "Assembly of the Serbian Nation of Bosnia-Hercegovina" proclaims an independent Bosnian Serb Republic, later named the "Republika Srpska".
10 April The Serbian Volunteer Guard takes Zvornik in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Yugoslav army refuses to protect the local Muslim population against Serb guerilla attacks until they surrender their weapons.[91]
16 April The government of Yugoslavia under Serbian control is warned by the United States to stop its assault on Bosnia and Herzegovina or be suspended from international organizations.[92]
27 April Formal end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with the proclamation of new Constitution approved by "Federal assembly" for the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), consisting of Serbia and Montenegro. At the time of this vote 10,000 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia soldiers still remain in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[93]

Timeline of Yugoslavia's evolution as a republic (1943-onward)

Timeline of Yugoslavia's evolution from 1943 and including events in aftermath
1943 1946 19631 19741 1990 1991  1992 1999 2003 2006  2008
DF Yugoslavia FPR Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia dissolved
FS Slovenia PR Slovenia SR Slovenia Republic of Slovenia
FS Croatia PR Croatia SR Croatia Republic of Croatia
FS BiH PR BiH SR Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina
FR Yugoslavia State Union2 dissolved
FS Montenegro PR Montenegro SR Montenegro R Montenegro (federal) Montenegro
FS Serbia PR Serbia SR Serbia R Serbia (federal) R Serbia
  • AP Vojvodina   • SAP Vojvodina   • AP Vojvodina   • AP Vojvodina   • AP Vojvodina
  • AR Kosmet 3    • AR Kosmet 3    • SAP Kosovo   • AP Kosmet 3     • AP Kosmet 3   UN Kosovo protectorate R Kosovo (disputed)
FS Macedonia PR Macedonia SR Macedonia Republic of Macedonia
AP "Autonomous Province of" FPR "Federal People's Republic of" PR "People's Republic of"
AR "Autonomous Region of" FR "Federal Republic of" SAP "Socialist Autonomous Province of"
BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina R "Republic of" SFR "Socialist Federal Republic of"
DF "Democratic Federal" FS "Federal State of" SR "Socialist Republic of"

1  Years when the Constitution of Yugoslavia was, respectively, adopted and amended.
2  The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
3  Kosmet is short for Kosovo and Metohija.

See also

References

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  2. ^ Kako se Spaho borio za opstanak Bosne i Hercegovine (IV dio)
  3. ^ "KOSOVO: ONE YEAR AFTER THE RIOTS".
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