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This article is about the professional version of the sport of cricket. For amateur twenty over cricket, see short form cricket. For the Malayalam film, see Twenty:20 (film). For other uses, see 2020 (disambiguation).

A Twenty20 match between England and Sri Lanka at the Hampshire Rose Bowl on 15 June 2006
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Twenty20 cricket, sometimes written Twenty-20, and often abbreviated to T20, is a short form of cricket. At the professional level, it was originally introduced by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) in 2003 for the inter-county competition in England and Wales.[1] In a Twenty20 game the two teams have a single innings each, which is restricted to a maximum of 20 overs. Together with first-class and List A cricket, Twenty20 is one of the three current forms of cricket recognised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) as being at the highest international or domestic level. A typical Twenty20 game is completed in about three hours, with each innings lasting around 90 minutes and an official 10 minute break between the innings. This is much shorter than previously-existing forms of the game, and is closer to the timespan of other popular team sports. It was introduced to create a fast-paced form of the game which would be attractive to spectators at the ground and viewers on television.

The game has succeeded in spreading around the cricket world. On most international tours there is at least one Twenty20 match and all Test-playing nations have a domestic cup competition. The inaugural ICC World Twenty20 was played in South Africa in 2007 with India winning by five runs against Pakistan in the final.[2] Pakistan won the second tournament in 2009,[3] and England won the title in the West Indies 2010. West Indies won in 2012, with Sri Lanka winning the 2014 tournament. West Indies are the reigning champions, winning the 2016 competition, and in doing so, became the first nation to win the tournament twice.

History

Origins

Former England batsman Andrew Strauss batting for Middlesex against Surrey

When the Benson & Hedges Cup ended in 2002, the ECB needed another one day competition to fill its place. Cricketing authorities were looking to boost the game's popularity with the younger generation in response to dwindling crowds and reduced sponsorship. It was intended to deliver fast-paced, exciting cricket accessible to thousands of fans who were put off by the longer versions of the game. Stuart Robertson, the marketing manager of the ECB, proposed a 20 over per innings game to county chairmen in 2001 and they voted 11–7 in favour of adopting the new format.[4]

The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup.[5] The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title.[6] The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground – other than a one-day final – since 1953.[7]

Spread worldwide

Thirteen teams from different parts of the country participated in Pakistan's inaugural competition in 2004, with Faisalabad Wolves the first winners. On 12 January 2005 Australia's first Twenty20 game was played at the WACA Ground between the Western Warriors and the Victorian Bushrangers. It drew a sell-out crowd of 20,000, which was the first time in nearly 25 years the ground had been completely sold out.[8]

Starting 11 July 2006 19 West Indies regional teams competed in what was named the Stanford 20/20 tournament. The event was financially backed by billionaire Allen Stanford, who gave at least US$28,000,000 funding money. It was intended that the tournament would be an annual event. Guyana won the inaugural event, defeating Trinidad and Tobago by 5 wickets, securing US$1,000,000 in prize money.[9][10]

On 5 January 2007 Queensland Bulls played the New South Wales Blues at The Gabba, Brisbane. A crowd of 11,000 was expected based on pre-match ticket sales. However, an unexpected 16,000 turned up on the day to buy tickets, causing disruption and confusion for surprised Gabba staff as they were forced to throw open gates and grant many fans free entry. Attendance reached 27,653.[11]

For 1 February 2008 Twenty20 match between Australia and India, 85,824[12] people attended the match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground involving the Twenty20 World Champions against the ODI World Champions.

The Stanford Super Series was held in October 2008 between Middlesex and Trinidad and Tobago, the respective winners of the English and Caribbean Twenty20 competitions, and a Stanford Superstars team formed from West Indies domestic players; Trinidad and Tobago won the competition, securing US$280,000 prize money.[13][14] On 1 November, the Stanford Superstars played England in what was expected to be the first of five fixtures in as many years with the winner claiming a US$20,000,000 in each match. The Stanford Superstars won the first match,[15] however no further fixtures were held as Allen Stanford was charged with fraud in 2009.[16]

T20 leagues

Crowd during a match of the 2015 IPL season in Hyderabad, India.

Several T20 leagues started after the popularity of 2007 ICC World Twenty20.[17] BCCI started the Indian Premier League in 2008, which utilizes the North American sports franchise system with eight teams in major Indian markets, and is currently in its eleventh season of competition. In September 2017, the broadcasting and digital rights for the next five years (2018-2022) of the IPL were sold to Star India for US$2.55 billion,[18] making it one of the world's most lucrative sports league per match. The IPL has seen a spike in its brand valuation to US$5.3 billion after the 10th edition, according to global valuation and corporate finance advisor Duff & Phelps.[19] Big Bash League, Bangladesh Premier League, Pakistan Super League, Caribbean Premier League started thereafter and remained popular with the fans.[20][21] Women's Big Bash League was started in 2015 by Cricket Australia, while Kia Super League was started in England and Wales in 2016.

Twenty20 Internationals

Main articles: Twenty20 International and Women's Twenty20 International

The first Twenty20 International match was held on 5 August 2004 between the England and New Zealand women's teams with New Zealand winning by nine runs[22]

On 17 February 2005 Australia defeated New Zealand in the first men's full international Twenty20 match, played at Eden Park in Auckland. The game was played in a light-hearted manner – both sides turned out in kit similar to that worn in the 1980s, the New Zealand team's a direct copy of that worn by the Beige Brigade. Some of the players also sported moustaches/beards and hairstyles popular in the 1980s taking part in a competition amongst themselves for best retro look, at the request of the Beige Brigade. Australia won the game comprehensively, and as the result became obvious towards the end of the NZ innings, the players and umpires took things less seriously – Glenn McGrath jokingly replayed the Trevor Chappell underarm incident from a 1981 ODI between the two sides, and Billy Bowden showed him a mock red card (red cards are not normally used in cricket) in response.

The first Twenty20 international in England was played between England and Australia at the Rose Bowl in Hampshire on 13 June 2005, which England won by a margin of 100 runs, a record victory which lasted until 2007.[23]

On 9 January 2006 Australia and South Africa met in the first international Twenty20 game in Australia. In a first, each player's nickname appeared on the back of his uniform, rather than his surname. The international match drew a crowd of 38,894 people at The Gabba. Australia convincingly won the match with man of the match Damien Martyn scoring 96 runs.

On 16 February 2006 New Zealand defeated West Indies in a tie-breaking bowl-out 3–0; 126 runs were scored apiece in the game proper. The game was the last international match played by Chris Cairns – NZC handed out life-size cardboard masks of his face to patrons as they entered the ground.

Every two years an ICC World Twenty20 tournament is to take place, except in the event of an ICC Cricket World Cup being scheduled in the same year, in which case it will be held the year before. The first tournament was in 2007 in South Africa where India defeated Pakistan in the final. Two Associate teams had played in the first tournament, selected through the 2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One, a 50-over competition. In December 2007 it was decided to hold a qualifying tournament with a 20-over format to better prepare the teams. With six participants, two would qualify for the 2009 World Twenty20 and would each receive $250,000 in prize money.[24] The second tournament was won by Pakistan who beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets in England on 21 June 2009. The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament was held in West Indies in May 2010, where England defeated Australia by 7 wickets. The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was won by the West-Indies, by defeating Sri Lanka at the finals. It was the first time in Cricket history when a T20 World Cup tournament took place in an Asian country. The 2014 ICC World Twenty20 was won by Sri Lanka, by defeating India at the finals, where the tournament was held in Bangladesh. The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 was won by West-Indies, by defeating England at the finals, where the tournament was held in India.

Impact on the game

Twenty20 matches can have some exciting displays such as when the batsmen run out to the pitch

Twenty20 cricket is claimed to have resulted in a more athletic and explosive form of cricket. Indian fitness coach Ramji Srinivasan declared in an interview with the Indian fitness website Takath.com, that Twenty20 had "raised the bar" in terms of fitness levels for all players, demanding higher levels of strength, speed, agility and reaction time from all players regardless of role in the team.[25] Matthew Hayden credited retirement from international cricket with aiding his performance in general and fitness in particular in the Indian Premier League.[26][27]

In June 2009, speaking at the annual Cowdrey Lecture at Lord's, former Australian wicketkeeper Adam Gilchrist pushed for Twenty20 to be made an Olympic sport. "It would," he said, "be difficult to see a better, quicker or cheaper way of spreading the game throughout the world."[28]

Former Australian captain Ricky Ponting, on the other hand, has criticized Twenty20 as being detrimental to Test cricket and for hampering batsmen's scoring skills and concentration.[29] Former Australian captain Greg Chappell made similar complaints, fearing that young players would play too much T20 and not develop their batting skills fully, while former England player Alex Tudor feared the same for bowling skills.[30][31]

Former West Indies captains Clive Lloyd, Michael Holding and Garfield Sobers criticised Twenty20 for its role in discouraging players from representing their test cricket national side, with many West Indies players like Chris Gayle, Sunil Narine and Dwayne Bravo preferring instead to play in a Twenty20 franchise elsewhere in the world and make far more money.[32][33][34][35][36]

Under-17s and Under-19s are playing T20 games in national championships, and at the detriment of two-day games. Good state players these days are averaging 35; if you were averaging 35 when I was playing your dad would go and buy you a basketball or a footy and tell you to play that.

Ricky Ponting, http://phone.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/529427.html.

Match format and rules

Format

Twenty20 match format is a form of limited overs cricket in that it involves two teams, each with a single innings, the key feature being that each team bats for a maximum of 20 overs. In terms of visual format, the batting team members do not arrive from and depart to traditional dressing rooms, but come and go from a bench (typically a row of chairs) visible in the playing arena, analogous to association football's technical area or a baseball dugout.[37]

Middlesex playing against Surrey at Lord's, in front of a 28,000-strong crowd

General rules

The Laws of cricket apply to Twenty20, with some exceptions:[38]

  • Each bowler may bowl a maximum of only one-fifth of the total overs per innings. For a full, uninterrupted match, this is 4 overs.
  • If a bowler delivers a no-ball by overstepping the crease, it costs 1 run and his next delivery is designated a "free-hit". In this circumstance the batsman can only be dismissed through a run out, hitting the ball twice or obstructing the field.
  • The following fielding restrictions apply:
    • No more than five fielders can be on the leg side at any time.
    • During the first six overs, a maximum of two fielders can be outside the 30-yard circle (this is known as the powerplay).
    • After the first six overs, a maximum of five fielders can be outside the fielding circle.
  • If the fielding team does not start to bowl their 20th over within 75 minutes, the batting side is credited an extra six runs for every whole over bowled after the 75-minute mark; the umpire may add more time to this if he believes the batting team is wasting time.

Tie deciders

Main article: Super Over

Currently, if the match ends with the scores tied and there must be a winner, the tie is broken with a one over per side Eliminator[39] or Super Over:[40][41] Each team nominates three batsmen and one bowler to play a one-over per side "mini-match". The team which bats second in the match bats first in the Super Over.[42][43] In turn, each side bats one over bowled by the one nominated opposition bowler, with their innings over if they lose two wickets before the over is completed. The side with the higher score from their Super Over wins. If the super over also ends up in a tie, the team that has scored the most boundaries (4s+6s) in the 20 overs wins.

In the Australian domestic competition the Big Bash League the Super Over is played slightly differently, with no 2-wicket limit, and if the super over is also tied then a "countback" is used, with scores after the fifth ball for each team being used to determine the result. If it is still tied, then the countback goes to 4 balls and so on.[44] The latest Super Over to decide a match was between the Sydney Sixers winning against the Brisbane Heat on the 25th January 2017, in the Big Bash League at the Brisbane Cricket Ground, with the Sixers winning 0/22 to 0/15 in the Super Over after tying on 164.[45]

Tied Twenty20 matches were previously decided by a bowl-out.[46]

International

Main articles: Twenty20 International and Women's Twenty20 International

Women's and men's Twenty20 Internationals have been played since 2004 and 2005 respectively. To date, 25 nations have played the format, including all test playing nations. This considers only matches between teams with Twenty20 International status, which is limited by the International Cricket Council to a small number of top teams.

Nation Date of men's T20I debut Date of women's T20I debut
 Australia 17 February 2005 2 September 2005
 New Zealand 17 February 2005 5 August 2004
 England 13 June 2005 5 August 2004
 South Africa 21 October 2005 10 August 2007
 West Indies 16 February 2006 27 June 2008
 Sri Lanka 15 June 2006 12 June 2009
 Pakistan 28 August 2006 25 May 2009
 Bangladesh 28 November 2006 27 August 2012
 Zimbabwe 28 November 2006
 India 1 December 2006 5 August 2006
 Kenya 1 September 2007
 Scotland 12 September 2007 7 July 2018
 Netherlands 2 August 2008 27 June 2008
 Ireland 2 August 2008 27 June 2008
 Canada 2 August 2008
 Bermuda 3 August 2008
 Afghanistan 2 February 2010
   Nepal 16 March 2014
 Hong Kong 16 March 2014
 United Arab Emirates 17 March 2014 7 July 2018
 Papua New Guinea 15 July 2015 7 July 2018
 Oman 25 July 2015
 Malaysia 3 June 2018
 Thailand 3 June 2018
 Uganda 7 July 2018

T20 International rankings

Main article: ICC World Twenty20 rankings

In November 2011, the ICC released the first Twenty20 International rankings for the men's game, based on the same system as the Test and ODI rankings. The rankings cover a 2 to 3-year period, with matches since the most recent 1 August weighted fully, matches in the preceding 12 months weighted two-thirds, and matches in the 12 months preceding that weighted one-third. To qualify for the rankings, teams must have played at least eight Twenty20 Internationals in the ranking period.[47][48]

ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings
Team Matches Points Rating
 India 66 17,667 268
 Australia 45 11,545 257
 England 41 10,391 253
 West Indies 52 13,139 253
 New Zealand 49 12,113 247
 South Africa 40 9,800 245
 Pakistan 46 11,097 241
 Sri Lanka 43 9,974 232
 Bangladesh 53 11,898 224
 Afghanistan 39 8,682 223
 Ireland 49 9,629 197
 Zimbabwe 51 9,915 194
 Scotland 27 5,151 191
 Netherlands 25 4,600 184
 Namibia 41 7,456 183
 United Arab Emirates 46 8,198 178
   Nepal 46 7,852 171
 United States 30 5,010 167
 Oman 42 6,697 159
 Papua New Guinea 31 4,472 144
 Canada 28 3,914 140
 Uganda 62 8,353 135
 Hong Kong 47 6,173 131
 Kuwait 41 5,087 124
 Malaysia 50 6,123 122
 Bahrain 34 4,030 119
 Jersey 26 3,063 118
 Qatar 23 2,598 113
 Spain 22 2,442 111
 Italy 18 1,944 108
 Bermuda 11 1,185 108
 Kenya 56 5,870 105
 Saudi Arabia 30 3,142 105
 Tanzania 47 4,301 92
 Germany 32 2,860 89
 Nigeria 34 2,711 80
 Guernsey 23 1,759 76
 Singapore 29 2,217 76
 Norway 20 1,444 72
 Cayman Islands 9 646 72
 Denmark 25 1,711 68
 Cambodia 22 1,471 67
 Portugal 17 1,071 63
 Isle of Man 14 857 61
 Japan 36 2,174 60
 Belgium 29 1,710 59
 Austria 30 1,691 56
 France 24 1,325 55
  Switzerland 17 934 55
 Botswana 24 1,298 54
 Cook Islands 9 426 47
 Romania 28 1,316 47
 Malawi 30 1,369 46
 Sweden 17 770 45
 Finland 21 950 45
 Argentina 9 407 45
 Czech Republic 19 809 43
 Thailand 28 1,133 40
 Vanuatu 22 884 40
 Philippines 24 894 37
 Mozambique 21 751 36
 Fiji 11 387 35
 Rwanda 73 2,416 33
 Samoa 11 357 32
 Ghana 33 1,045 32
 Estonia 19 597 31
 Indonesia 40 1,144 29
 Luxembourg 28 753 27
 Sierra Leone 25 651 26
 Malta 46 1,191 26
 Israel 7 178 25
 Bahamas 8 191 24
 Gibraltar 31 615 20
 Hungary 17 336 20
 Slovenia 8 150 19
 Panama 9 157 17
 Bhutan 21 338 16
 Cyprus 17 272 16
 Mexico 9 131 15
 Croatia 17 167 10
 Maldives 31 234 8
 Eswatini 17 118 7
 Cameroon 15 99 7
 China 11 53 5
 Bulgaria 25 96 4
 Serbia 22 70 3
 Lesotho 16 3 0
 Mongolia 14 0 0
 Turkey 9 0 0
 South Korea 8 0 0
 Seychelles 10 0 0
 Myanmar 13 0 0
 Mali 11 0 0
 Greece 8 0 0
 Gambia 9 0 0
References: ICC T20I rankings, As of 24 October 2024
"Matches" is the number of matches played in the 12–24 months since the May before last, plus half the number in the 24 months before that.

The ICC do not maintain a separate Twenty20 ranking for the women's game, instead aggregating performance over all three forms of the game into one overall women's teams ranking.[49]

Domestic

An Indian Premier League match commencing at the Chepauk Stadium between Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders
Perth Scorchers taking on Hobart Hurricanes at the WACA during BBL 01 (2011)
Main article: List of domestic Twenty20 cricket competitions

This is a list of the current Twenty20 domestic competitions in several of the leading cricket countries.

Country Domestic Competition Number of Teams
Afghanistan Shpageeza Cricket League 6
Australia Big Bash League 8
Bangladesh Bangladesh Premier League 8
England Vitality t20 Blast 18
Hong Kong Hong Kong T20 Blitz 5
India Indian Premier League, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 8, 27
Ireland Inter-Provincial Trophy 4
Netherlands Dutch Twenty20 Cup 16
Nepal Everest Premier League, Dhangadhi Premier League 6, 6
New Zealand Super Smash 6
Pakistan Pakistan Super League 6
Scotland Regional Pro Series 3
South Africa Ram Slam T20 Challenge, T20 Global League 6, 8
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Premier League 7
West Indies Caribbean Premier League 6
Zimbabwe Stanbic Bank 20 Series 4

Records

Main article: List of Twenty20 cricket records

See also: List of Twenty20 International records

References

  1. ^ "The first official T20 in 2003".
  2. ^ "India hold their nerve to win thriller". ESPNcricinfo. 24 September 2007.
  3. ^ "Afridi fifty seals title for Pakistan". ESPNcricinfo. 21 June 2009.
  4. ^ Newman, Paul; Meet the man who invented Twenty20 cricket – the man missing out on millions; Daily Mail; 11 June 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2009
  5. ^ Matches played 13 June 2003 ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 June 2008
  6. ^ Twenty20 Cup, 2003, Final – Surrey v Warwickshire ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 June 2008
  7. ^ Weaver, Paul (25 May 2009). "Usman Afzaal gives Surrey winning start but absent fans fuel concerns". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  8. ^ "Sellout at WACA for Twenty20 match". ESPNcricinfo. 12 January 2005. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  9. ^ "Guyana crowned Stanford 20/20 champions". ESPNcricinfo. 14 August 2006.
  10. ^ "Dates for Stanford Twenty20 announced". The Jamaica Observer. 9 February 2006. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Gabba fans let in for free". Cricket20.com.
  12. ^ "India crash to nine-wicket defeat". ESPNcricinfo. 1 February 2008.
  13. ^ "Udal leads Middlesex for Stanford". ESPNcricinfo. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  14. ^ McGlashan, Andrew (27 October 2008). "Ramdin leads T&T to big-money glory". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  15. ^ McGlashan, Andrew (1 November 2008). "Gayle leads Superstars to millions". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  16. ^ "US tycoon charged over $8bn fraud". BBC News. 17 February 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  17. ^ "Are T20 leagues making money?".
  18. ^ "IPL television and broadcast rights sold for massive £1.97bn to Star India". The Guardian. 4 September 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  19. ^ "IPL 2017 Valuation". TOI. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  20. ^ "IPL world's 6th most attended league, Big Bash 9th: Report".
  21. ^ "The lowdown on the major T20 leagues".
  22. ^ Miller, Andrew (6 August 2004). "Revolution at the seaside". Cricinfo. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  23. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Largest margin of victory (by runs)". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  24. ^ "ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier to be held in Ireland". ESPNcricinfo. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  25. ^ "An interview with Ramji Srinivasan". Takath.com. 19 June 2009.
  26. ^ "IPl 2018 Schedule In PDF, IPL 2018 Points Table, Auction, Team Players". WCricketHighlights. 5 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  27. ^ "Hayden heroics shining light of IPL". The Canberra Times. 13 May 2009. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009.
  28. ^ Quoted in Booth, Lawrence. "Myths; And stereotypes." The Spin, 30 June 2009.
  29. ^ "I told Dravid not to retire - Ponting".
  30. ^ "How is T20 affecting cricket?".
  31. ^ "Alex Tudor fears T20 is killing cricket's traditional skills".
  32. ^ "T20 cricket has destroyed West Indies cricket: Sir Garfield Sobers - Firstpost". www.firstpost.com.
  33. ^ "T20 has messed our cricket up - Lloyd".
  34. ^ Gray, James (17 August 2017). "Why isn't Chris Gayle playing for West Indies against England? Test absence explained".
  35. ^ "Gayle, Bravo, Pollard – Why Windies' Stars Will Skip India Series".
  36. ^ White, Jim (1 June 2010). "Twenty20 will kill Test cricket within 20 years, says West Indian great Michael Holding" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  37. ^ "Bringing back fences could help even up the contest between bat and ball, and ensure that all sixes are genuine".
  38. ^ "Twenty20 Rules". CricketWorld4U. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  39. ^ "One-over eliminator could replace bowl-out". cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
  40. ^ "Windies edge NZ in Twenty20 thriller". abc.net.au Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 26 December 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
  41. ^ "Benn stars in thrilling tie". cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 26 December 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
  42. ^ "Vettori opposes Super Over". cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 26 December 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  43. ^ The Explainer (13 January 2009). "One1". cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  44. ^ "KFC T20 Big Bash League: Rules". KFC T20 Big Bash League. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ "Recap: Big Bash second Semi Final: Sydney Sixers v Brisbane Heat". news.com.au. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  46. ^ "Super Over to replace bowl out". ESPN CricInfo. 27 October 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  47. ^ ICC Team Rankings Archived 16 January 2012 at WebCite
  48. ^ Kendix, David. ICC rankings for Tests, ODIs, Twenty20 & Women. ESPN Cricinfo. ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
  49. ^ "ICC Women's Team Rankings launched". International Cricket Council. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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