User:Bulldog123/Irish Americans
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Irish emigrants escaped anglicization in Ireland only to face assimilation in the New World. The latter, however, was an assimilation of a different kind, a kind where Irish culture was not snuffed out and replaced, but rather permeated into the American norm, attenuating its very distinctiveness.[1] What was once Irish-American became simply "American" and therefore less and less Irish. The act of emigration itself paved the way for a type of intra-county intermarriage that was unlikely in Ireland, thereby creating a whole new "breed" of Irishman[2], adding an ancestral divide to the cultural one. During the outpouring of Irish literature in the late 19th century (Joyce, Wilde, Shaw, Yeats), Irish-Americans typically ignored this chance at cultural revivalism[3], furthering the divide between the mainland Irish and the diaspora. Often times, the knowledge of one's own Irish-Americanness came only by way of a surname, an unconscious paternal-descent bias, so many people of Irish heritage quickly lost their identity and therefore affiliation.[4]
As blood ancestry faded with each generation, being "Irish American" became something more of a traditionalist temperament, one that would require constant reinforcement to maintain.[5] Indeed, many times, to be an Irish-American relied less on the amount of Irish genes and more on a self-aware exhibition of certain "Irish"-attributed qualities. Many times, these qualities were mimicked on the stage and in the media, some being quite virtuous, such as honesty, workmanship, generosity, fondness of drink and festivity. On the other hand, the "Irish" type had also been perpetuated as very proletariat, frequently enfeebled, and subjugated by higher classes. The media-supported persona of an Irish-American immigrant would be that of an ingenuous yeoman from a simpler age, noted for toughness and plain practicality.[6] Irish Americans carry this somewhat burdened association whenever they identify as such, and in doing so, include it as an integral part of the Irish-American ethnos, by way of a common "view of self."
List
[edit]Performance Art
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
John Brougham | 1814 | 1880 | stage actor | Ireland | first | [7] | |||||||
Dion Boucicault | 1820 | 1890 | stage actor | Ireland | first | [8] | |||||||
John Drew | 1827 | 1862 | stage actor | Ireland | first | [9] | |||||||
Ada Dyas | 1843 | 1908 | stage actress | Ireland | first | [10] | |||||||
James O'Neill | 1847 | 1920 | stage actor | Ireland | first | [11] | |||||||
Eddie Foy, Sr. | 1856 | 1928 | stage actor | United States | second | [12] | |||||||
Sara Allgood | 1879 | 1950 | stage actress | Ireland | first | [13] | |||||||
Laurette Taylor | 1883 | 1946 | film actress | United States | unknown | [14] | |||||||
Walter Brennan | 1894 | 1975 | film actor | United States | second | [15] | |||||||
Gracie Allen | 1895 | 1964 | comedienne | United States | unknown | [16] | |||||||
J. Carrol Naish | 1896 | 1973 | film actor | United States | unknown | [17] | |||||||
James Cagney | 1899 | 1986 | film actor | United States | third | [18] | |||||||
Colleen Moore | 1899 | 1988 | film actress | United States | unknown | [19] | |||||||
Pat O'Brien | 1899 | 1983 | film actor | United States | third | [20] | |||||||
Helen Hayes | 1900 | 1993 | film actress | United States | third | [21] | |||||||
Spencer Tracy | 1900 | 1967 | film actor | United States | third | [22] | |||||||
James Dunn | 1901 | 1967 | TV actor | United States | unknown | [23] | |||||||
Errol Flynn | 1909 | 1959 | film actor | Australia | unknown | [24] | |||||||
Maureen O'Sullivan | 1911 | 1998 | film actress | Ireland | first | [25] | |||||||
Geraldine Fitzgerald | 1913 | 2005 | film actress | Ireland | first | [26] | |||||||
Arthur Kennedy | 1914 | 1990 | stage actor | United States | unknown | [27] | |||||||
Tyrone Power | 1914 | 1958 | film actor | United States | fourth | [28] | |||||||
Ann Sheridan | 1915 | 1967 | film actress | United States | unknown | [29] | |||||||
Jackie Gleason | 1916 | 1987 | TV actor | United States | second | [30] | |||||||
Robert Mitchum | 1917 | 1997 | film actor | United States | unknown | [31] | |||||||
Art Carney | 1918 | 2003 | TV actor | United States | unknown | [32] | |||||||
Maureen O'Hara | 1920 | film actress | Ireland | first | [33] | ||||||||
Steve Allen | 1921 | 2000 | TV actor | United States | unknown | [34] | |||||||
Carroll O'Connor | 1924 | 2001 | TV actor | United States | unknown | [35] | |||||||
Maureen Stapleton | 1925 | 2006 | TV actress | United States | unknown | [36] | |||||||
Patrick McGoohan | 1928 | 2009 | film actor | United States | second | [37] | |||||||
Stephen Boyd | 1931 | 1977 | film actor | Ireland | first | [38] | |||||||
George Carlin | 1937 | 2008 | comedian | United States | second | [39] | |||||||
Jack Nicholson | 1937 | film actor | United States | unknown | [40] | ||||||||
Martin Sheen | 1940 | film actor | United States | second | [41] | ||||||||
Michael Moriarty | 1949 | TV actor | United States | fifth | [42] | ||||||||
Gabriel Byrne | 1950 | film actor | Ireland | first | [43] | ||||||||
Pierce Brosnan | 1953 | film actor | Ireland | first | [44] | ||||||||
Kate Mulgrew | 1955 | film actress | United States | unknown | [45] | ||||||||
Mel Gibson | 1956 | film actor | United States | second | [46] | ||||||||
Denis Leary | 1957 | comedian | United States | second | [47] | ||||||||
Aidan Quinn | 1959 | film actor | United States | second | [48] | ||||||||
Kathy Griffin | 1960 | comedienne | United States | second | [49] | ||||||||
Sean Penn | 1960 | film actor | United States | unknown | [50] | ||||||||
George Clooney | 1961 | film actor | United States | fifth | [51] | ||||||||
Matt Dillon | 1964 | film actor | United States | third | [52] | ||||||||
John Cusack | 1966 | film actor | United States | unknown | [53] | ||||||||
Neal McDonough | 1966 | film actor | United States | second | [54] | ||||||||
Moira Kelly | 1968 | film actress | United States | second | [55] | ||||||||
Fine Art
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
John Ramage | 1748 | 1802 | painter | Ireland | first | [56] | |||||||
James Hoban | 1758 | 1831 | architect | Ireland | first | [57] | |||||||
Thomas Hovenden | 1840 | 1895 | painter | Ireland | first | [58] | |||||||
Augustus Saint-Gaudens | 1848 | 1907 | sculptor | Ireland | first | [59] | |||||||
William Harnett | 1848 | 1892 | painter | Ireland | first | [60] | |||||||
Andrew O'Connor | 1874 | 1941 | sculptor | United States | second | [61] | |||||||
Georgia O'Keeffe | 1887 | 1986 | painter | United States | third | [62] | |||||||
Gene Kelly | 1912 | 1996 | dancer | United States | third | [63] | |||||||
Donald O'Connor | 1925 | 2003 | dancer | United States | third | [64] | |||||||
Sean Scully | 1945 | painter | Ireland | first | [65] | ||||||||
Michael Flatley | 1958 | dancer | United States | second | [66] | ||||||||
Business
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
Franklin B. Gowen | 1836 | 1889 | president of the Reading Company | United States | second | [67] | |||||||
Diamond Jim Brady | 1856 | 1917 | financier | United States | second | [68] | |||||||
Henry Ford | 1863 | 1947 | founder of Ford Motor Company | United States | second | [69] | |||||||
William Randolph Hearst | 1863 | 1951 | newspaper magnate | United States | third | [70] | |||||||
Pat Powers | 1870 | 1948 | Hollywood financier | Ireland | first | [71] | |||||||
Paul Galvin | 1895 | 1959 | co-Founder of Motorola | United States | unknown | [72] | |||||||
John Paul Getty | 1932 | 2003 | philanthropist | United States | unknown | [73] | |||||||
Jack Welch | 1935 | CEO of GE | United States | unknown | [74] | ||||||||
Tom Monaghan | 1937 | founder of Domino's Pizza | United States | unknown | [75] | ||||||||
Filmmaking
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
Raoul Walsh | 1887 | 1980 | film director | United States | unknown | [76] | |||||||
Rex Ingram | 1892 | 1950 | film director | Ireland | first | [77] | |||||||
John Ford | 1894 | 1973 | film director | United States | second | [78] | |||||||
Leo McCarey | 1898 | 1969 | film director | United States | unknown | [79] | |||||||
Walt Disney | 1901 | 1966 | founder of Walt Disney Studios | United States | third | [80] | |||||||
John Huston | 1906 | 1987 | film director | United States | unknown | [81] | |||||||
John Sayles | 1950 | film director | United States | unknown | [82] | ||||||||
Edward Burns | 1968 | screenwriter, film director | United States | unknown | [83] | ||||||||
Innovation
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
Robert Fulton | 1765 | 1815 | developed first steamboat | United States | second | [84] | |||||||
Samuel Morse | 1791 | 1872 | inventor of single-wire telegraph | United States | unknown | [85] | |||||||
Cyrus McCormick | 1809 | 1884 | inventor of mechanical reaper | United States | unknown | [86] | |||||||
John Philip Holland | 1831 | 1888 | inventor of submarine | Ireland | first | [87] | |||||||
Law
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
Charles Patrick Daly | 1816 | 1899 | Court of Appeals Justice | United States | second | [88] | |||||||
Joseph McKenna | 1843 | 1926 | Associate Justice | United States | second | [89] | |||||||
Frank Murphy | 1890 | 1949 | Associate Justice | United States | second | [90] | |||||||
William J. Brennan Jr. | 1906 | 1997 | Associate Justice | United States | second | [91] | |||||||
Sandra Day O'Connor | 1930 | Supreme Court Justice | United States | unknown | [92] | ||||||||
Anthony Kennedy | 1936 | Associate Justice | United States | unknown | [93] | ||||||||
Patrick Fitzgerald | 1960 | District Court Justice | United States | unknown | [94] | ||||||||
Literature
[edit]Media
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
John L. O'Sullivan | 1813 | 1895 | columnist | United States | second | [149] | |||||||
Mathew Brady | 1822 | 1896 | photojournalist | United States | second | [150] | |||||||
Nellie Bly | 1864 | 1922 | journalist | United States | second | [151] | |||||||
Ed Sullivan | 1901 | 1974 | entertainment writer | United States | unknown | [152] | |||||||
Jimmy Breslin | 1930 | journalist | United States | unknown | [153] | ||||||||
Phil Donahue | 1935 | media personality | United States | unknown | [154] | ||||||||
Mike Barnicle | 1943 | journalist | United States | unknown | [155] | ||||||||
Chris Matthews | 1945 | political commentator | United States | unknown | [156] | ||||||||
Norah O'Donnell | 1945 | commentator | United States | unknown | [157] | ||||||||
Bill O'Reilly | 1949 | political commentator | United States | unknown | [158] | ||||||||
Peggy Noonan | 1950 | political analyst | United States | unknown | [159] | ||||||||
Maureen Dowd | 1952 | columnist | United States | unknown | [160] | ||||||||
Sean Hannity | 1961 | political commentator | United States | unknown | [161] | ||||||||
Soledad O'Brien | 1966 | television personality | United States | unknown | [162] | ||||||||
Military
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
Andrew Lewis | 1720 | 1781 | Revolutionary War General | Ireland | first | [163] | |||||||
Richard Montgomery | 1738 | 1775 | Continental Army General | Ireland | first | [164] | |||||||
John Sullivan | 1740 | 1795 | Revolutionary General | United States | second | [165] | |||||||
John Barry | 1745 | 1803 | naval officer | Ireland | first | [166] | |||||||
Stephen W. Kearny | 1794 | 1848 | Frontier officer | United States | unknown | [167] | |||||||
Dennis Hart Mahan | 1802 | 1871 | military theorist | United States | second | [168] | |||||||
George Gordon Meade | 1815 | 1872 | Union Army General | Spain | unknown | [169] | |||||||
Thomas Francis Meagher | 1823 | 1867 | leader of Irish Brigade | Ireland | first | [170] | |||||||
Michael Corcoran | 1827 | 1863 | Union Army General | Ireland | first | [171] | |||||||
Philip Sheridan | 1831 | 1888 | Union Army General | United States | second | [172] | |||||||
John O'Neill | 1834 | 1878 | leader of Fenians | Ireland | first | [173] | |||||||
Alfred Thayer Mahan | 1840 | 1914 | geostrategist | United States | third | [174] | |||||||
Audie Murphy | 1924 | 1971 | World War II soldier | United States | unknown | [175] | |||||||
Music
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
Augusta Browne | 1820 | 1992 | composer | Ireland | first | [176] | |||||||
William J. Scanlan | 1856 | 1898 | musical composer | United States | second | [177] | |||||||
Victor Herbert | 1859 | 1924 | composer | Ireland | first | [178] | |||||||
Patsy Touhey | 1865 | 1923 | Uilleann pipes player | Ireland | first | [179] | |||||||
George M. Cohan | 1878 | 1942 | Broadway composer | United States | second | [180] | |||||||
John McKenna | 1880 | 1947 | flautist | Ireland | first | [181] | |||||||
Michael Coleman | 1891 | 1945 | fiddler | Ireland | first | [182] | |||||||
James Morrison | 1893 | 1947 | fiddler | Ireland | first | [183] | |||||||
Ed Reavy | 1897 | 1988 | songwriter | Ireland | first | [184] | |||||||
Bing Crosby | 1903 | 1977 | singer | United States | third | [185] | |||||||
Paddy Killoran | 1904 | 1965 | fiddler | Ireland | first | [186] | |||||||
Dennis Day | 1916 | 1988 | singer | United States | second | [187] | |||||||
Carmel Quinn | 1925 | singer | Ireland | first | [188] | ||||||||
Rosemary Clooney | 1928 | 2002 | singer | United States | unknown | [189] | |||||||
Dave King | 1961 | vocalist of Flogging Molly | Ireland | first | [190] | ||||||||
Eileen Ivers | 1965 | fiddler | United States | second | [191] | ||||||||
Organized Crime
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
Owney Madden | 1891 | 1965 | Prohibition Era criminal | England | second | [192] | |||||||
Bugs Moran | 1891 | 1957 | Prohibition Era gangster | United States | unknown | [193] | |||||||
Dean O'Banion | 1892 | 1924 | Chicago bootlegger | United States | second | [194] | |||||||
Machine Gun Kelly | 1895 | 1954 | Prohibition Era gangster | United States | unknown | [195] | |||||||
Roger Touhy | 1898 | 1959 | Chicago bootlegger | United States | second | [196] | |||||||
John Morrissey | 1901 | 1966 | bareknuckle boxer, gangster | Ireland | first | [197] | |||||||
Mad Dog Coll | 1908 | 1932 | hitman | Ireland | first | [198] | |||||||
Whitey Bulger | 1929 | mob boss | United States | second | [199] | ||||||||
Jimmy Burke | 1931 | 1996 | mobster | United States | unknown | [200] | |||||||
Henry Hill | 1943 | mobster | United States | unknown | [201] | ||||||||
Politics
[edit]Sports
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Occupation | Birth country | Generation in U.S. | References | |||||||
Yankee Sullivan | 1811 | 1956 | boxer | Ireland | first | [243] | |||||||
Paddy Ryan | 1851 | 1900 | boxer | Ireland | first | [244] | |||||||
Mike "King" Kelly | 1857 | 1894 | baseball player | United States | second | [245] | |||||||
John L. Sullivan | 1858 | 1918 | boxer | United States | second | [246] | |||||||
James Edward Sullivan | 1862 | 1914 | sports official | United States | unknown | [247] | |||||||
James J. Corbett | 1866 | 1933 | boxer | United States | unknown | [248] | |||||||
Jack Dempsey | 1895 | 1983 | boxer | United States | unknown | [249] | |||||||
Gene Tunney | 1897 | 1978 | boxer | United States | second | [250] | |||||||
James J. Braddock | 1905 | 1974 | boxer | United States | unknown | [251] | |||||||
Ben Hogan | 1912 | 1997 | golfer | United States | second | [252] | |||||||
John McEnroe | 1959 | tennis player | Germany | unknown | [253] | ||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ Lee, Joseph, and Marion R. Casey. "Reflections." In Making the Irish American: history and heritage of the Irish in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 497.
- ^ Lee, Joseph, and Marion R. Casey. "Interpreting Irish Ameria." In Making the Irish American: history and heritage of the Irish in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 24.
- ^ Lee, Joseph, and Marion R. Casey. "Reflections." In Making the Irish American: history and heritage of the Irish in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 494.
- ^ Lee, Joseph, and Marion R. Casey. "Reflections." In Making the Irish American: history and heritage of the Irish in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 497.
- ^ Lee, Joseph, and Marion R. Casey. "Reflections." In Making the Irish American: history and heritage of the Irish in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 496.
- ^ Lee, Joseph, and Marion R. Casey. "Reflections." In Making the Irish American: history and heritage of the Irish in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 496.
- ^ [1] "John Brougham was a genial and generous Irish -American actor and author"
- ^ [2] "[Dion Boucicault], an Irish-American actor and dramatist"
- ^ [3] "Drew, John (1825-1862), Irish-American actor..."
- ^ [4] "Dyas, Ada - An Irish actress"
- ^ [5] "Son of the celebrated Irish-American actor, James O'Neill..."
- ^ [6] "Irish-American song-and-dance-men... Eddie Foy Sr."
- ^ [7] Allgood, Sara - Irish-American actress
- ^ [8] "Laurette Taylor... among the most [sic] powerful actors of the day... their presence in the spotlight polished the image of the Irish in American"
- ^ [9] "Irish-American Academy Award winners - Walter Brennan"
- ^ [10] "...when Gracie Allen, an unemployed seventeen-year-old Irish-American dramatic actress"
- ^ [11] "Hollywood cast the late great Irish-American actor J. Carrol Naish as a Chinese…"
- ^ [12] "In Hollywood, the Irish-American James Cagney played…"
- ^ [13] "In her examination of the career of the Irish-American silent star Coleen Moore"
- ^ [14] "...twentieth-century film stars... Pat O'Brien... Irish-American men have been revealingly conspicuous in the ranks of gifted actors in the United States"
- ^ [15] "Helen Hayes... among the most [sic] powerful actors of the day... their presence in the spotlight polished the image of the Irish in American"
- ^ [16] "...twentieth-century film stars... Spencer Tracy... Irish-American men have been revealingly conspicuous in the ranks of gifted actors in the United States"
- ^ [17] "...with its Irish-American cast, including James Dunn..."
- ^ [18] "Errol Flynn... among the most [sic] powerful actors of the day... their presence in the spotlight polished the image of the Irish in American"
- ^ [19] "Maureen O'Sullivan... among the most [sic] powerful actors of the day... their presence in the spotlight polished the image of the Irish in American"
- ^ [20] "...and Irish actress, Geraldine Fitzgerald"
- ^ [21] "...with a heavily Irish cast of... Arthur Kennedy..."
- ^ [22] "…and linked by Irish-American actor, Tyrone Power"
- ^ [23] "...with a heavily Irish cast of... Ann Sheridan..."
- ^ [24] "Irish American stars appeared in virtually every American home. Among the most popular were Jackie Gleason and Art Carney"
- ^ [25] "Many Irish-American actors... Robert Mitchum..."
- ^ [26] "Irish American stars appeared in virtually every American home. Among the most popular were Jackie Gleason and Art Carney"
- ^ [27] "[Maureen] O'Hara was named Irish America magazine's "Irish American of the Year" in 2005"
- ^ [28] "I am Irish-American myself..."
- ^ [29] "Irish American actor [Carroll] O'Connor..."
- ^ [30] Maureen Stapleton has her own section in Irish Heroes and Heroines of America: 150 True Stories of Irish American Heroism
- ^ [31] "The start of the show was the Irish actor Patrick McGoohan"
- ^ [32] "The Irish-American actor Stephen Boyd..."
- ^ [33] "George Carlin, he's Irish-American..."
- ^ [34] Jack Nicholson - "I'm Irish"
- ^ [35] "...twentieth-century film stars... Martin Sheen... Irish-American men have been revealingly conspicuous in the ranks of gifted actors in the United States"
- ^ [36] Michael Moriarty - "…but because I’m Irish-American."
- ^ [37] "A handful of Irish and Irish-American artists, including... Gabriel Byrne"
- ^ [38] "Britannica - Pierce Brosnan - Irish-American actor
- ^ [39] "Irish-American Kate Mulgrew may have been destined for the role of captain of the starship Voyager..."
- ^ [40] "Mel [Gibson] is 100% Irish"
- ^ [41] "A handful of Irish and Irish-American artists, including... Denis Leary"
- ^ [42] "A handful of Irish and Irish-American artists, including... Aidan Quinn"
- ^ [43] "Suddenly knew the name Kathy Griffin... But life for the Irish-American girl..."
- ^ [44] "...twentieth-century film stars... Sean Penn... Irish-American men have been revealingly conspicuous in the ranks of gifted actors in the United States"
- ^ [45] George Clooney - "I'm an Irish-American"
- ^ [46] "A handful of Irish and Irish-American artists, including... Matt Dillon"
- ^ [47] John Cusack has his own section in Irish Heroes and Heroines of America: 150 True Stories of Irish American Heroism
- ^ [48] "In a display of unusual piety, Irish American actor Neal McDonough..."
- ^ [49] "Instead, the 29-year-old Irish-American New Yorker [Moira Kelly]..."
- ^ [50] "...high miniature of George Washington, painted by the Irish-American miniaturist John Ramage (c. 1748 1802) in 1789"
- ^ [51] "An Irishman, architect James Hoban..."
- ^ [52] "In 1884, an Irish-American painter, Thomas Hovenden, immortalized the scene in his painting 'The Last Moment of John Brown.'"
- ^ [53] "...the work of the Irish-American sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens for the Parnell Monument in Dublin (1909-11)"
- ^ [54] "William Harnett (1848-92), the Irish-American painter who was the father of the trompe-l'oeil school."
- ^ [55] "... square and erecting in the south square an equestrian monument to Lafayette by the Irish-American sculptor, Andrew O'Connor"
- ^ [56] The Irish American Family Album - The Irish count among their numbers Kennedy Family, John Wayne, Georgia O'Keeffe, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Sandra Day O'Connor.
- ^ [57] "...stars two Irish-American actors (Gene Kelly and Donald O'Connor)."
- ^ [58] "...well-known Irish-American entertainers such as Donald O'Connor..."
- ^ [59] "The great Irish-American painter Sean Scully delights in the fact that.."
- ^ [60] "The important thing to know about Michael Flatley is that he's Irish-American... His success comes from his ability to join unlikely elements together—Irish and Americans, step dancing and flamenco, pretension and frivolity."
- ^ [61] "Led by Irish-American lawyer Franklin B. Gowen, a former mine operator and now president of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad"
- ^ [62] ""...lively refuge for colorful personalities like Irish American Diamond Jim Brady and Lily Langtry"
- ^ [63] "Irish-American inventors such as Henry Ford, the son of a potato famine immigrant..."
- ^ [64] A section on William Randolph Hearst is included in the Irish American Chronicle
- ^ [65] "...the original backer of Mickey Mouse, one Pat Powers, an Irish-American producer"
- ^ [66] "The entrepreneurial Paul V. Galvin (1895-1959) started his first business as a popcorn vendor at the age of thirteen. Born in a small midwestern town, the Irish-American..."
- ^ [67] "and shrewd Irish American businessman such as John Paul Getty"
- ^ [68] "America's best managers, Jack Welch ...GE'S record in the ten years since this restless Irish-American became the company's chief executive..."
- ^ [69] "...Catholic club for wealthy businessmen, Legatus, the brainchild of Tom Monaghan, the Irish-American who founded Domino's Pizza."
- ^ [70] "Throughout this period Irish American Catholics only rarely made movies. There were, of course, Irish American directors of note (Raoul Walsh, John Ford, Leo McCarey) and a multitude of actors and actresses."
- ^ [71] "Ingram, Rex (born 1892), Irish-American film director"
- ^ [72] "John Ford, the great Irish-American film director from Portland, Maine, passed away in his sleep on August 31, 1973, at his home in Palm Desert, California"
- ^ [73] "Throughout this period Irish American Catholics only rarely made movies. There were, of course, Irish American directors of note (Raoul Walsh, John Ford, Leo McCarey) and a multitude of actors and actresses."
- ^ [74] It implicitly makes the case for an 'Irish America' -- community, consciousness and tradition -- lasting well into the third or fourth generation, even if one might cavil at the 'Irish' status granted to Walt Disney and Audie Murphy"
- ^ [75] "[John] Huston, an Irish-American by heritage, loved Ireland..."
- ^ [76] John Sayles - "An awful lot of Americans have an Irish ancestry. Do you? Both of my parents are half Irish... it wasn't a real strong part of my upbringing. Being Catholic was but not being Irish..."
- ^ [77] "...Irish American actor-director Edward Burns has..."
- ^ [78] "[Robert] Fulton, the Irish-American inventor..."
- ^ [79] "Irish- American inventor Samuel Morse revolutionized the field of communications in 1844 with his telegraph system"
- ^ [80] "Irish American Cyrus McCormick and his father invented and marketed the first grain reaper..."
- ^ [81] "...the modern submarine... largely the work of Irish-American inventor John P. Holland"
- ^ [82] "...married Charles Patrick Daly, a self-made Irish American."
- ^ [83] "Joseph McKenna, a Catholic Irish-American..."
- ^ [84] "The presiding judge was Frank Murphy --future governor of Michigan and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court -- a handsome, thirty-five-year-old Irish-American..."
- ^ [85] "The most important liberal Irish-American Catholic vote has come from the Supreme Court... In October 1956, Dwight Eisenhower appointed William J. Brennan Jr."
- ^ [86] "The Irish American Family Album" - The Irish count among their numbers Kennedy Family, John Wayne, Georgia O'Keeffe, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Sandra Day O'Connor...".
- ^ [87] "...Anthony Kennedy - Ethnicity: Irish..."
- ^ [88] "Irish Echo named Patrick Fitzgerald as Irish American of the Year"
- ^ [89] Unveiling Kate Chopin - "Emily Toth tells the unvarnished story of the passionate Irish-American girl who grew up to write The Awakening"
- ^ [90] "Eugene O'Neill, the son of a Famine survivor, was probably the most decorated and respected of Irish-American theater artists...
- ^ [91] "An Irish American born in Rochester, New York, [Philip] Barry was..."
- ^ [92] "The fourth generation of Irish American novelists includes F. Scott Fitzgerald"
- ^ [93] Gwendolyn Brooks - "I was a graduate student at Stanford taking a white studies class on the Irish-American poet, Louis Bogan"
- ^ [94] "three other Irish American novelists, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Margaret Mitchell, and John O'Hara. "
- ^ [95] "At least one Irish American novelist, James T. Farrell"
- ^ [96] "An Irish American author whose defection away from his Irish American identity was complete was John O'Hara."
- ^ [97] "Miss [Mary] Chase, Irish and comely..."
- ^ [98] John Berryman is included in: The Legend of Being Irish: A Collection of Irish-American Poetry
- ^ [99] "Very Irish-American, sometimes mystical, often wildly funny, [R. A.] Lafferty told outrageous tall tales."
- ^ [100] "Yet another Irish American who has had profound influence... is James Laughlin"
- ^ [101] "John Horne Burns, a young soldier from Boston - Irish, puritan, unawakened - was brought to life..."
- ^ [102] "Thomas McGrath, Irish-American poet and novelist..."
- ^ [103] "Farrell's example was followed by many Irish American writers of the 1940s, among them... JF Powers."
- ^ [104] "Edwin O'Connor... Recognized as the foremost Irish-American writer"
- ^ [105] "...enormously popular Irish-American author Mickey Spillane."
- ^ [106] Maureen Daly - Nationality: Irish American
- ^ [107] Jean Kerr included in Motherland: Writings By Irish American Women About Mothers And Daughters
- ^ [108] Alan Dugan is included in: The Legend of Being Irish: A Collection of Irish-American Poetry
- ^ [109] "Thomas Flanagan is an Irish American historical novelist and critic."
- ^ [110] "Thus for mist Irish American poets, some form of obeisance or rebellion has been almost obligatory... and so poems by James Schevill, Wendell Berry, and John Logan pay tribute to Yeats..."
- ^ [111] "...by Irish-American authors Pat Conroy, Cormac McCarthy, Carson Cullers [sic], Flannery O'Connor, and John Kennedy Toole."
- ^ [112] "contemporary Irish-American writers - J. P. Donleavy, Jimmy Breslin, Thomas McGuane, Mark Costello, and Joe Flaherty."
- ^ [113] "Over the past eighty years Irish Americans have made their mark in American letters....the poets - Robert Kelly, Galway Kinnell, Frank O'Hara, and Robert Creeley - to name a few."
- ^ [114] "Irish American author Mary Higgins Clark has recalled the days when her father..."
- ^ [115] "'Galway Kinnell, Irish American poet...
- ^ [116] "...William Kennedy is one of the most influential and prolific Irish American authors..."
- ^ [117] Contemporary American ethnic poets: X.J. Kennedy - Irish American
- ^ [118] "One Irish American poet whose work is rarely seen as Irish American is John Montague"
- ^ [119] "Irish-American author, Frank McCourt...
- ^ [120] "Kirby Doyle, a mad Irish poet"
- ^ [121] "...by Irish-American authors Pat Conroy, Cormac McCarthy, Carson Cullers [sic], Flannery O'Connor, and John Kennedy Toole."
- ^ [122] "Ted Berrigan - "I'd love to take it all in, but I'm this Irish, Shavian skeptic in the end.
- ^ [123] "Irish American writers as varied as Pete Hamill"
- ^ [124] "Over the past eighty years Irish Americans have made their mark in American letters....the poets - Robert Kelly, Galway Kinnell, Frank O'Hara, and Robert Creeley - to name a few."
- ^ [125] "[Susan] Howe, an Irish-American and a poet..."
- ^ [126] "...by Irish-American authors Pat Conroy, Cormac McCarthy, Carson Cullers [sic], Flannery O'Connor, and John Kennedy Toole."
- ^ [127] George V. Higgins - "I'm Irish American..."
- ^ [128] "contemporary Irish-American writers - J. P. Donleavy, Jimmy Breslin, Thomas McGuane, Mark Costello, and Joe Flaherty."
- ^ [129] "[Michael] Lally is unashamedly Irish-American
- ^ [130] "We will deal here with the works of only five contemporary Irish American women poets: Tess Gallagher..."
- ^ [131] Pat Conroy's name included in: Irish Heroes and Heroines of America: 150 True Stories of Irish American Heroism
- ^ [132] "Tom Clancy's novels have garnered him both [popular acceptance and critical praise], and the Irish American writer is regarded as the father of the "techno-thriller..."
- ^ [133] "Thomas Lynch, the Irish-American undertaker poet..."
- ^ [134] "Jim Carroll, an Irish American who spent his - Irish, puritan, unawakened - was brought to life..."
- ^ [135] Nora Roberts - "[I'm] an Irishwoman through and through
- ^ [136] "...written by an Irish American, John Patrick Shanley..."
- ^ [137] Alice Fulton is included in Too smart to be sentimental: contemporary Irish American women writers
- ^ [138] "Alice McDermott is perhaps the best-known and most critically acclaimed Irish American novelist"
- ^ [139] "by the Irish-American poet, Michael Donaghy"
- ^ [140] Lucy Grealy - "Though... my sister and I were Irish, everyone else in the family were actually English."
- ^ [http://www.irishcentral.com/ent/Review-Dennis-Lehanes-Moonlight-Mile-105667308.html ] "Moonlight Mile... is Irish American author Dennis Lehane’s long-awaited follow up"
- ^ [141] "Irish American artists continue to explore the experiences of second and third-generation ethnics as they deal with either success or stagnation, as did Michael Patrick MacDonald is his memoirs..."
- ^ [142] "The Irish American intellectual John L. O'Sullivan..."
- ^ [143] "...a fellow Irish-American New Yorker named Mathew Brady."
- ^ [144] "Irish American Nellie Bly gains international attention..."
- ^ [145] "The popularity of Irish American writers and performers could be observed on television... Ed Sullivan, a former journalist..."
- ^ [146] "contemporary Irish-American writers - J. P. Donleavy, Jimmy Breslin, Thomas McGuane, Mark Costello, and Joe Flaherty."
- ^ [147] Phil Donahue included in Irish Heroes and Heroines of America: 150 True Stories of Irish American Heroism"
- ^ [148] "In this racial maelstrom, there was one Globe man who was trusted on the gritty streets of South Boston, a young Irish columnist named Mike Barnicle..."
- ^ [149] "But Chris Matthews, the Irish-American host of MSNBC's political talk show "Hardball,"..."
- ^ [150] "[Norah] O’Donnell has also been named to Irish American Magazine’s 2000 “Top 100 Irish Americans” list."
- ^ [151] "Irish American media figures such as ...and Bill O'Reilly..."
- ^ [152] Noonan - "I pick Dublin because I was there most recently, and also because I'm Irish-American..."
- ^ [153] "Major Irish-American television news commentators include... Maureen Dowd"
- ^ [154] "Irish American media figures such as Sean Hannity..."
- ^ [155] "[Soledad] O'Brien was named to Irish American Magazine's "Top 100 Irish Americans" on two occasions."
- ^ [156] "...the death of General Andrew Lewis, an Irish-American for whom the town was named."
- ^ [157] "named for Gen [sic] Richard Montgomery, an Irish-American officer..."
- ^ [158] "...showed that four Irish-American major-generals served in the war. They are as follows: ...John Sullivan"
- ^ [159] "But the story of John Barry as [sic] an Irish-American hero and patriot..."
- ^ [160] "...to such prominent Irish-Americans as Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny"
- ^ [161] "The name of this young Irish-American was Dennis Hart Mahan"
- ^ [162] "On July 2, 1863, Irish American general, George Gordon Meade..."
- ^ [163] "Thomas Francis Meagher, Irish nationalist. captain in the 69th New York State Militia at 1st Manassas, and Civil War general..."
- ^ [164] "A policeman in Ireland, Michael Corcoran became a symbol of what an Irishman -- and a Fenian -- could make of himself in the New World..."
- ^ [165] "Ever since the Revolution, Irish Americans had found careers in the army, and... General Philip Sheridan were [sic] among the notable leaders of the Union army."
- ^ [166] "John O'Neill was by birth an Ulster Irishman"
- ^ [167] Alfred Thayer Mahen -"I am spoke of as an Irish American captain."
- ^ [168] "One of the countless young Irish Americans queuing up in front of the recruitment offices was Audie Murphy from Greenville, Texas..."
- ^ [169] Augusta Browne - "Irish American composer"
- ^ [170] "by the Irish American singer, William Scanlan..."
- ^ [171] "Victor Herbert, the Irish American composer of The Red Mill..."
- ^ [172] "...Patsy Touhey, the celebrated Irish American piper and comedian..."
- ^ [173] "...written by the great Irish-American composer, George M. Cohan..."
- ^ [174] "One such transplant, John McKenna... joined a strong Irish-American music scene..."
- ^ [175] "Irish fiddler Michael Coleman emigrated..."
- ^ [176] "James Morrison was an Irish fiddler..."
- ^ [177] "[Ed] Reavy, born in the village of Barnagrove... the unique work about the Irish American songster was written..."
- ^ [178] "At the time of his death, he [Bing Crosby] was widely remembered as Irish American"
- ^ [179] "Other important Irish and Irish-American musicians to record in the 1920s included the Sligo fiddler Paddy Killoran"
- ^ [180] "Dennis Day... a highly respected Irish tenor..."
- ^ [181] Carmel Quinn is listed in the Irish American Who's Who"
- ^ [182] "the autobiography of Rosemary Clooney, an Irish-American singer"
- ^ [183] "Dave King, a frontman who's more Joe Strummer than, well, any Irish folkie you can name."
- ^ [184] "...the Irish American fiddler, Eileen Ivers"
- ^ [185] "To pass for Irish it is necessary to evince a perverse pride in some of these Irish American gangsters: ...Owney Madden"
- ^ [186] "To pass for Irish it is necessary to evince a perverse pride in some of these Irish American gangsters: ...George "Bugs" Moran"
- ^ [187] "To pass for Irish it is necessary to evince a perverse pride in some of these Irish American gangsters: ...Charles Dion [Dean] O'Banion"
- ^ [188] "To pass for Irish it is necessary to evince a perverse pride in some of these Irish American gangsters: ...George "Machine Gun" Kelly"
- ^ [189] "To pass for Irish it is necessary to evince a perverse pride in some of these Irish American gangsters: ...Roger Touhy"
- ^ [190] "This is certainly true in the case of the nineteenth century Irish American: ...John Morrissey"
- ^ [191] "To pass for Irish it is necessary to evince a perverse pride in some of these Irish American gangsters: ...Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll"
- ^ [192] Whitey Bulger extensively mentioned in Paddy Whacked: The Untold Story of the Irish American Gangster
- ^ [193] "Hill returned to New York with Jimmy Burke, a fellow Irish-American Mafia associate..."
- ^ [194] "[Henry] Hill returned to New York with Jimmy Burke, a fellow Irish-American Mafia associate..."
- ^ [195] "James Duane, first Irish-American Mayor of New York..."
- ^ [196] "Fort Carroll is also named after Charles Carroll [of Carrollton], the Irish-American."
- ^ [197] "Of prominent Irish lawyers in American... The following two are the most famous... Aedanus Burke"
- ^ [198] "...and James Sullivan (a governor of Massachusetts and the first Irish justice of the state's supreme court)"
- ^ [199] "...the popular Irish American Governor DeWitt Clinton completed the Erie Canal...
- ^ [200] "Such a man was David C. Broderick, a second-generation Irish-American"
- ^ [201] "Hon. John Conness, an Irishman and a Republican member from California..."
- ^ [202] "[John] Kelley [sic] held his position until his death in 1855, only to be succeeded by Richard Croker, another Irish-American."
- ^ [203] "John Downey, an Irish Catholic from Roscommon County, became the first Irish governor of the state."
- ^ [204] "...to the first Irish-American mayor, Hugh O'Brien."
- ^ [205] "Even William R. Grace, the Irish-American mayor of New York..."
- ^ [206] "Kelley held his position until his death in 1855, only to be succeeded by Richard Croker, another Irish-American."
- ^ [207] "Irish-American nationalist like... Patrick Collins..."
- ^ [208] "By the 1910s, Irish Americans, including David I. Walsh, Edward F. Dunne, and Alfred E. Smith"
- ^ [209] "William Bourke Cockran, an Irish-American lawyer and orator"
- ^ [210] "Any list of potent Irish-American political figures in this context would include... Charles F. Murphy"
- ^ [211] "is that well-known Irish-American, James D. Phelan"
- ^ [212] "Timothy Daniel Sullivan, also known as "Big Tim" Sullivan, was a larger-than-life figure in Irish American Tammany Hall politics."
- ^ [213] "Any list of potent Irish-American political figures in this context would include... John F. Fitzgerald"
- ^ [214] "Irish-American senators... David I. Walsh"
- ^ [215] "Despite [Al] Smith's reputation as 'the quintessential Irish American'..."
- ^ [216] "...maid to James Michael Curley, Boston's "Last Hurrah" Irish-American mayor..."
- ^ [217] "Irish-American senators elected in 1931 included... Pat McCarran"
- ^ [218] "Irish-American politicians, especially those involved in Tammany...John Purroy Mitchel..."
- ^ [219] "Irish-American senators... James Byrnes"
- ^ [220] "Éamon de Valera, an Irish-American teacher..."
- ^ [221] "...and James Farley, the Irish-American state Democratic Party official..."
- ^ [222] "One of the first Irish-American millionaires, Joseph P. Kennedy..."
- ^ [223] "For example, in the last half century, three Irish-American Catholics... John McCormack..."
- ^ [224] "Except for Thomas Corcoran, the Irishman"
- ^ [225] "Any list of potent Irish-American political figures in this context would include... Richard J. Daly"
- ^ [226] "...[George Murphy's] image as a clean-cut Irish-American..."
- ^ [227] "The early fifties were also the years of an Irish-American political figure whom many of today's Irish would be glad to see as part of any tradition rather than their own: Joseph McCarthy"
- ^ [228] "For example, in the last half century, three Irish-American Catholics... Thomas "Tip" O'Neill..."
- ^ [229] "It is not clear whether either of the two Irish American Catholics, Eugene McCarthy or Robert Kennedy"
- ^ [230] "Robert McNamara given his own section in Irish Heroes and Heroines of America: 150 True Stories of Irish American Heroism
- ^ [231] "Of all the Irish-American politicians who returned to Ireland... John F. Kennedy is the one that they still talk about."
- ^ [232] "It is not clear whether either of the two Irish American Catholics, Eugene McCarthy or Robert Kennedy"
- ^ [233] Daniel Patrick Moynihan - "I don't think there's any point in being Irish if you don't know that the world is going to break your heart eventually."
- ^ [234] "For example, in the last half century, three Irish-American Catholics... Thomas Foley..."
- ^ [235] "...by dozens of Irish-American politicians and business people, including Ted Kennedy..."
- ^ [236] "This is certainly true in the case of the nineteenth century Irish American: ...James "Yankee" Sullivan"
- ^ [237] "This is certainly true in the case of the nineteenth century Irish American: ...Paddy Ryan"
- ^ [238] "The most famous of the nineteenth-century Irish baseball players, Making "King" Kelly"
- ^ [239] "Famous Irish-American boxers include John L. Sullivan and Jack Dempsey."
- ^ [240] "Prominent among this leadership... was the young Irish-American, James Edward Sullivan"
- ^ [241] "This is certainly true in the case of the nineteenth century Irish American: ..."Gentleman" Jim Corbett"
- ^ [242] "Famous Irish-American boxers include John L. Sullivan and Jack Dempsey."
- ^ [243] "Another Irish-American heavyweight champion, Gene Tunney"
- ^ [244] "The last Irish-American heavyweight champ was James J. Braddock, who lost his title to Joe Louis in 1937."
- ^ [245] "Other famous Irish-American sports stars include golfers Ben Hogan..."
- ^ [246] "Other famous Irish-American sports stars include...tennis star John McEnroe"