User:Pandemics/Coronavirus pandemic

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Epidemiology[edit]

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Updated May 19, 2024.
COVID-19 pandemic by location[1]
Location Cases Deaths
World[a] 775,431,255 7,047,741
European Union European Union[b] 185,636,059 1,261,370
United States United States 103,436,829 1,186,984
China China[c] 99,354,727 122,196
India India 45,037,776 533,589
France France 38,997,490 168,091
Germany Germany 38,437,756 174,979
Brazil Brazil 37,519,960 702,116
South Korea South Korea 34,571,873 35,934
Japan Japan 33,803,572 74,694
Italy Italy 26,721,656 197,001
United Kingdom United Kingdom 24,924,986 232,112
Russia Russia 24,158,502 402,821
Turkey Turkey 17,004,714 101,419
Spain Spain 13,980,340 121,852
Australia Australia 11,846,355 25,166
Vietnam Vietnam 11,624,000 43,206
Argentina Argentina 10,131,586 130,857
Taiwan Taiwan 9,970,937 17,672
Netherlands Netherlands 8,636,201 22,986
Mexico Mexico 7,709,747 335,011
Iran Iran 7,627,863 146,837
Indonesia Indonesia 6,828,993 162,058
Poland Poland 6,662,631 120,711
Colombia Colombia 6,385,309 142,727
Austria Austria 6,082,347 22,534
Portugal Portugal 5,643,528 28,151
Greece Greece 5,633,376 39,007
Ukraine Ukraine 5,531,524 109,920
Chile Chile 5,399,992 62,698
Malaysia Malaysia 5,281,323 37,350
Belgium Belgium 4,861,717 34,339
Israel Israel 4,841,558 12,707
Canada Canada 4,791,646 54,329
Thailand Thailand 4,776,096 34,614
Czech Republic Czech Republic 4,759,288 43,503
Peru Peru 4,524,748 220,831
Switzerland Switzerland 4,453,663 14,188
Philippines Philippines 4,140,383 66,864
South Africa South Africa 4,072,681 102,595
Romania Romania 3,528,662 68,800
Denmark Denmark 3,435,018 9,667
Singapore Singapore 3,006,155 2,024
Hong Kong Hong Kong 2,876,106 13,466
Sweden Sweden 2,751,819 27,279
New Zealand New Zealand 2,587,178 3,976
Serbia Serbia 2,583,470 18,057
Iraq Iraq 2,465,545 25,375
Hungary Hungary 2,230,381 49,051
Bangladesh Bangladesh 2,050,060 29,494
Slovakia Slovakia 1,877,741 21,226
Georgia (country) Georgia 1,862,754 17,150
Jordan Jordan 1,746,997 14,122
Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland 1,736,068 9,604
Pakistan Pakistan 1,580,631 30,656
Norway Norway 1,507,568 5,732
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 1,503,687 19,072
Finland Finland 1,499,712 11,466
Lithuania Lithuania 1,366,278 9,805
Slovenia Slovenia 1,355,887 10,056
Bulgaria Bulgaria 1,329,266 38,700
Croatia Croatia 1,316,958 18,752
Morocco Morocco 1,279,115 16,305
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 1,252,713 5,938
Guatemala Guatemala 1,250,355 20,215
Lebanon Lebanon 1,239,904 10,947
Costa Rica Costa Rica 1,230,653 9,368
Bolivia Bolivia 1,212,131 22,387
Tunisia Tunisia 1,153,361 29,423
Cuba Cuba 1,113,662 8,530
Ecuador Ecuador 1,076,087 36,048
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 1,067,030 2,349
Panama Panama 1,044,336 8,704
Uruguay Uruguay 1,037,893 7,625
Mongolia Mongolia 1,011,469 2,136
Nepal Nepal 1,003,450 12,031
Belarus Belarus 994,037 7,118
Latvia Latvia 977,701 7,465
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 841,469 9,646
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 835,371 10,353
Paraguay Paraguay 735,759 19,880
State of Palestine Palestine 703,228 5,708
Bahrain Bahrain 696,614 1,536
Cyprus Cyprus 691,072 1,442
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 672,754 16,899
Kuwait Kuwait 667,290 2,570
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 661,103 4,384
Myanmar Myanmar 642,138 19,494
Moldova Moldova 635,631 12,235
Estonia Estonia 610,366 2,998
Venezuela Venezuela 552,695 5,856
Egypt Egypt 516,023 24,830
Qatar Qatar 514,524 690
Libya Libya 507,269 6,437
Ethiopia Ethiopia 501,167 7,574
Réunion Réunion 494,595 921
Honduras Honduras 472,789 11,114
Armenia Armenia 451,831 8,777
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 403,638 16,388
Oman Oman 399,449 4,628
Luxembourg Luxembourg 391,378 1,000
North Macedonia North Macedonia 350,589 9,977
Zambia Zambia 349,635 4,069
Kenya Kenya 344,101 5,689
Brunei Brunei 344,020 178
Albania Albania 334,863 3,605
Botswana Botswana 330,650 2,801
Mauritius Mauritius 327,305 1,070
Kosovo Kosovo 274,279 3,212
Algeria Algeria 272,027 6,881
Nigeria Nigeria 267,188 3,155
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 266,362 5,740
Montenegro Montenegro 251,280 2,654
Afghanistan Afghanistan 235,214 7,998
Mozambique Mozambique 233,794 2,252
Martinique Martinique 230,354 1,104
Laos Laos 219,038 671
Iceland Iceland 209,938 186
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe 203,235 1,021
El Salvador El Salvador 201,865 4,230
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago 191,496 4,390
Maldives Maldives 186,694 316
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 175,081 1,016
Namibia Namibia 172,404 4,108
Uganda Uganda 172,149 3,632
Ghana Ghana 172,003 1,462
Jamaica Jamaica 156,822 3,600
Cambodia Cambodia 139,117 3,056
Rwanda Rwanda 133,235 1,468
Cameroon Cameroon 125,207 1,974
Malta Malta 121,422 905
Barbados Barbados 110,615 593
Angola Angola 107,423 1,937
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 100,566 1,470
French Guiana French Guiana 98,041 413
Malawi Malawi 89,168 2,686
Senegal Senegal 89,077 1,971
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 88,953 1,024
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast 88,425 835
Suriname Suriname 82,496 1,405
New Caledonia New Caledonia 80,064 314
French Polynesia French Polynesia 79,302 650
Eswatini Eswatini 75,191 1,427
Guyana Guyana 74,125 1,301
Belize Belize 71,409 688
Fiji Fiji 69,047 885
Madagascar Madagascar 68,525 1,427
Jersey Jersey 66,391 161
Cape Verde Cabo Verde 64,474 417
Sudan Sudan 63,993 5,046
Mauritania Mauritania 63,854 997
Bhutan Bhutan 62,697 21
Syria Syria 57,423 3,163
Burundi Burundi 54,569 15
Guam Guam 52,287 419
Seychelles Seychelles 51,686 172
Gabon Gabon 49,051 307
Andorra Andorra 48,015 159
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 46,864 670
Curaçao Curaçao 45,883 305
Aruba Aruba 44,224 292
Tanzania Tanzania 43,225 846
Mayotte Mayotte 42,027 187
Togo Togo 39,530 290
Guinea Guinea 38,572 468
The Bahamas Bahamas 38,084 844
Isle of Man Isle of Man 38,008 116
Lesotho Lesotho 36,138 709
Guernsey Guernsey 35,326 67
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands 34,658 28
Haiti Haiti 34,298 860
Mali Mali 33,164 743
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands 31,472 37
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia 30,252 410
Benin Benin 28,036 163
Somalia Somalia 27,334 1,361
Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia 26,547 65
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands 25,954 199
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands 25,389 132
San Marino San Marino 25,292 126
Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo 25,219 389
East Timor Timor-Leste 23,460 138
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 22,122 400
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein 21,576 89
Gibraltar Gibraltar 20,550 113
Grenada Grenada 19,693 238
Bermuda Bermuda 18,860 165
South Sudan South Sudan 18,823 147
Tajikistan Tajikistan 17,786 125
Monaco Monaco 17,181 67
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 17,130 183
Samoa Samoa 17,057 31
Tonga Tonga 16,958 12
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands 16,178 17
Nicaragua Nicaragua 16,143 245
Dominica Dominica 16,047 74
Djibouti Djibouti 15,690 189
Central African Republic Central African Republic 15,466 113
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands 14,656 41
The Gambia Gambia 12,626 372
Collectivity of Saint Martin Collectivity of Saint Martin 12,324 46
Vanuatu Vanuatu 12,019 14
Greenland Greenland 11,971 21
Yemen Yemen 11,945 2,159
Caribbean Netherlands Caribbean Netherlands 11,922 41
Sint Maarten Sint Maarten 11,051 92
Eritrea Eritrea 10,189 103
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9,674 124
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 9,614 177
Niger Niger 9,515 315
Comoros Comoros 9,109 160
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda 9,106 146
American Samoa American Samoa 8,359 34
Liberia Liberia 7,930 294
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 7,818 125
Chad Chad 7,702 194
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands 7,420 64
Cook Islands Cook Islands 7,326 2
São Tomé and Príncipe Sao Tome and Principe 6,771 80
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands 6,754 40
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis 6,607 46
Palau Palau 6,332 10
Saint Barthélemy Saint Barthélemy 5,507 5
Nauru Nauru 5,393 1
Kiribati Kiribati 5,085 24
Anguilla Anguilla 3,904 12
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna 3,760 9
Macau Macau 3,514 121
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3,426 2
Tuvalu Tuvalu 2,943 1
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 2,166 —
Falkland Islands Falkland Islands 1,923 —
Montserrat Montserrat 1,403 8
Niue Niue 1,074 —
Tokelau Tokelau 80 0
Vatican City Vatican City 26 0
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands 4 —
North Korea North Korea 1 6
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 0 0
  1. ^ Countries which do not report data for a column are not included in that column's world total.
  2. ^ Data on member states of the European Union are individually listed, but are also summed here for convenience. They are not double-counted in world totals.
  3. ^ Does not include special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau) or Taiwan.


Background[edit]

On 31 December 2019, health authorities in China reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) a cluster of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in Wuhan, Hubei,[2][3] and an investigation was launched in early January 2020.[4] On 30 January, the WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)—7,818 cases confirmed globally, affecting 19 countries in five WHO regions.[5][6] Previously, bats in China have been identified as possessing a great diversity of coronaviruses.[7][8][9][10]

Several of the early cases had visited Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market[11] and so the virus is thought to have a zoonotic origin.[12] The virus that caused the outbreak is known as SARS‑CoV‑2, a newly discovered virus closely related to bat coronaviruses,[13] pangolin coronaviruses,[14][15] and SARS-CoV.[16] The scientific consensus is that COVID-19 has a natural origin.[17][18] The probable bat-to-human infection may have been among people processing bat carcasses and/or guano in the production of traditional Chinese medicines.[19] Guano is a popular source of organic fertilizer in many countries around the world, including China.[20][21][22][23] Other uses of guano in China include a folk medicine remedy to improve eyesight by rubbing guano in the eyes in order to improve eyesight.[24][25][26] Various theories have suggested that workers in the guano trade in China are the source of the COVID-19 pandemic.[24][25][26][19] However, spelunkers, miners, and tourists who visit caves and come into close contact with bat colonies and breathe the same air as them have also been suggested to have been the initial source of the COVID-19 pandemic.[27]

The earliest known person with symptoms was later discovered to have fallen ill on 1 December 2019, and that person did not have visible connections with the later wet market cluster.[28][29] Of the early cluster of cases reported that month, two-thirds were found to have a link with the market.[30][31][32] On 13 March 2020, an unverified report from the South China Morning Post suggested a case traced back to 17 November 2019 (a 55-year-old from Hubei) may have been the first person infected.[33][34]

The WHO recognized the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.[35] Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan reported surging cases. The total numbers outside China quickly passed China's.[36]

  1. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Mathieu, Edouard; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Beltekian, Diana; Dattani, Saloni; Roser, Max (2020–2022). "Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
  2. ^ "Novel Coronavirus". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  3. ^ "27 cases of viral pneumonia reported in central China's Wuhan City". news.cgtn.com. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Mystery pneumonia virus probed in China". BBC News. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  5. ^ WHO Report (30 January 2020). "Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV): Situation Report-10" (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). 30 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  6. ^ "Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)". World Health Organization (WHO). 30 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. ^ Lin, Xian-Dan; Wang, Wen; Hao, Zong-Yu; Wang, Zhao-Xiao; Guo, Wen-Ping; Guan, Xiao-Qing; Wang, Miao-Ruo; Wang, Hong-Wei; Zhou, Run-Hong; Li, Ming-Hui; Tang, Guang-Peng (2017-07-01). "Extensive diversity of coronaviruses in bats from China". Virology. 507: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.019. ISSN 0042-6822.
  8. ^ Lin, Xian-Dan; Wang, Wen; Hao, Zong-Yu; Wang, Zhao-Xiao; Guo, Wen-Ping; Guan, Xiao-Qing; Wang, Miao-Ruo; Wang, Hong-Wei; Zhou, Run-Hong; Li, Ming-Hui; Tang, Guang-Peng (2017-07-01). "Extensive diversity of coronaviruses in bats from China". Virology. 507: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.019. ISSN 0042-6822.
  9. ^ Fan, Yi; Zhao, Kai; Shi, Zheng-Li; Zhou, Peng (2019-03-02). "Bat Coronaviruses in China". Viruses. 11 (3). doi:10.3390/v11030210. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 6466186. PMID 30832341.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  10. ^ Tang, X. C.; Zhang, J. X.; Zhang, S. Y.; Wang, P.; Fan, X. H.; Li, L. F.; Li, G.; Dong, B. Q.; Liu, W.; Cheung, C. L.; Xu, K. M. (2006-08-01). "Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Coronaviruses in Bats from China". Journal of Virology. 80 (15): 7481–7490. doi:10.1128/JVI.00697-06. ISSN 0022-538X. PMID 16840328.
  11. ^ Sun, Jiumeng; He, Wan-Ting; Wang, Lifang; Lai, Alexander; Ji, Xiang; Zhai, Xiaofeng; Li, Gairu; Suchard, Marc A.; Tian, Jin; Zhou, Jiyong; Veit, Michael; Su, Shuo (2020). "COVID-19: Epidemiology, Evolution, and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 26 (5): 483–495. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008. PMC 7118693. PMID 32359479.
  12. ^ Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team (February 2020). "[The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China]". Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi (in Chinese). 41 (2): 145–151. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003. PMID 32064853.
  13. ^ Perlman S (February 2020). "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (8): 760–762. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2001126. PMC 7121143. PMID 31978944.
  14. ^ Cyranoski D (March 2020). "Mystery deepens over animal source of coronavirus". Nature. 579 (7797): 18–19. Bibcode:2020Natur.579...18C. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00548-w. PMID 32127703.
  15. ^ Zhang T, Wu Q, Zhang Z (April 2020). "Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS‑CoV‑2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak". Current Biology. 30 (7): 1346–1351.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.022. PMC 7156161. PMID 32197085.
  16. ^ "Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2): increased transmission beyond China—fourth update" (PDF). European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 14 February 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  17. ^ "The COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic has a natural origin, scientists say—Scripps Research's analysis of public genome sequence data from SARS‑CoV‑2 and related viruses found no evidence that the virus was made in a laboratory or otherwise engineered". EurekAlert!. Scripps Research Institute. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  18. ^ Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF (April 2020). "The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2". Nature Medicine. 26 (4): 450–452. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9. PMC 7095063. PMID 32284615.
  19. ^ a b Wassenaar, Trudy; Zhou, Y. (May 2020), "2019_nCoV/SARS‐CoV‐2: rapid classification of betacoronaviruses and identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential origin of zoonotic coronaviruses", Letters in Applied Microbiology, 70 (5): 342–348, doi:10.1111/lam.13285, PMC 7165814, PMID 32060933
  20. ^ "Did Coronavirus Come from the Bat Guano Trade? | Voice of America - English". www.voanews.com. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  21. ^ Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Sintunawa, Chirapol; Kaewpom, Thongchai; Khongnomnan, Kritsada; Olival, Kevin J.; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Rodpan, Apaporn; Sangsri, Paiboon; Intarut, Nirun; Chindamporn, Ariya; Suksawa, Kanyarat (2013-8). "Group C Betacoronavirus in Bat Guano Fertilizer, Thailand". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 19 (8): 1349–1352. doi:10.3201/eid1908.130119. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 3739538. PMID 23880503. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "Modern-day reliance on bats makes it hard to banish their virus risk". Fortune. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  23. ^ "Bat survey identifies six new coronaviruses". www.medicalnewstoday.com. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  24. ^ a b Mendick, Robert; Morgan, Tom (2020-05-03). "Bat faeces, linked to coronavirus outbreak in humans, available on Amazon and delivered to the UK". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
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  26. ^ a b MacKenzie, Debora (2020-06-01). COVID-19: The Pandemic that Never Should Have Happened and How to Stop the Next One. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-0-306-92423-1.
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  28. ^ Cohen J (January 2020). "Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally". Science. doi:10.1126/science.abb0611.
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  31. ^ Joseph A (24 January 2020). "New coronavirus can cause infections with no symptoms and sicken otherwise healthy people, studies show". Stat. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  32. ^ Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, et al. (February 2020). "A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster". Lancet. 395 (10223): 514–523. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9. PMC 7159286. PMID 31986261.
  33. ^ Ma J (13 March 2020). "China's first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 13 March 2020.
  34. ^ Davidson, Helen (13 March 2020). "First Covid-19 case happened in November, China government records show—report". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  35. ^ "WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020". World Health Organization. 20 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  36. ^ "Operations Dashboard for ArcGIS". gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
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