Workers World Party
Workers World Party | |
|---|---|
| Workers World Party logo | |
| First Secretary | Larry Holmes |
| Founded | 1959 |
| Headquarters | 147 W. 24th St. 2nd Fl. New York, NY 10011 |
| Newspaper | Workers World |
| Youth wing | Fight Imperialism, Stand Together (FIST) |
| Ideology | Marxism–Leninism Communism Proletarian internationalism |
| Political position | Far-left |
| Colors | Red |
| Website | |
| www | |
| This article is part of a series on |
| Socialism in the United States |
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Workers World Party (WWP) is a communist party in the United States, founded in 1959 by a group led by Sam Marcy of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP).[1] Marcy and his followers split from the United States SWP in 1958 over a series of long-standing differences, among them Marcy's group's support for Henry A. Wallace's Progressive Party in 1948, the positive view they held of the Chinese Revolution led by Mao Zedong, and their defense of the 1956 Soviet intervention in Hungary, all of which the SWP opposed.
WWP describes itself as a party that has, since its founding, "supported the struggles of all oppressed peoples". It has recognized the right of nations to self-determination, including the nationally oppressed peoples inside the United States. It supports affirmative action as necessary in the fight for equality. WWP opposes all forms of racism and religious bigotry. The Workers World Party and its affiliate Youth Against War and Fascism (YAWF) were noted for their consistent defense of the Black Panthers, the Weather Underground, Vietnam Veterans Against the War, and the Puerto Rican Independence movement. Workers World Party was also an early advocate of gay rights, and remains especially active in this area.
The WWP has published Workers World newspaper since 1959, and it has been a weekly since 1974.
History
The origins of the WWP go back to the Global Class War Tendency, led by Sam Marcy and Vincent Copeland, within the Socialist Workers Party. This group crystallized during the 1948 presidential election when they urged the SWP to back Henry Wallace's Progressive Party campaign, rather than field their own candidates. Throughout the 1950s the Global Class War Tendency expressed positions at odds with official SWP policy, categorizing the Korean War as a class, rather than imperialist, conflict; support of the People's Republic of China as a workers' state, if not necessarily supporting the Mao Zedong leadership; and supporting the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution by the Soviet Union in 1956.[2]
The Global Class War Tendency left the SWP in early 1959. Although they would later abandon Trotskyism, in their International Workers Day issue (#3) of their new periodical, the group proclaimed "We are THE Trotskyists. We stand 100% with all the principled positions of Leon Trotsky, the most revolutionary communist since Lenin". The nascent group appears to have organized as the Workers World Party by February 1960.[3] At its inception the WWP was concentrated among the working class in Buffalo, Youngstown, Seattle and New York. A youth organization, first known as the Anti-Fascist Youth Committee, and later as Youth Against War and Fascism (YAWF), was created in April 1962.[4]
From the beginning the WWP and YAWF concentrated their energies on street demonstrations. Early campaigns focused on support of Patrice Lumumba, opposition to the House Un-American Activities Committee, and against racial discrimination in housing. They conducted the first protest against American involvement in Vietnam on August 2, 1962.[5] Their opposition to the war also included the tactics of "draft resistance" and "GI resistance". After organizing demonstrations at Fort Sill, Oklahoma in support of a soldier being tried for possessing anti-war literature, they founded the American Servicemen's Union, intended to be a mass organization of American soldiers. However, the group was completely dominated by the WWP and YAWF.[6]
During the late 1960s and 1970s the Party threw itself into protests for a number of other causes, including "defen[se] of the heroic black uprisings in Watts, Newark, Detroit, Harlem" and women's liberation. During the Attica Prison riot the rioters requested a YAWF member, Tom Soto, to present their grievances for them. The WWP was most successful in organizing demonstrations in support of desegregation "busing" in the Boston schools in 1975. Nearly 30,000 people attended the Boston March Against Racism, which they had organized. Also during the 1970s they attempted to begin work inside organized labor, but apparently were not very successful.[7]
In 1980 the WWP began to participate in electoral politics, naming a presidential ticket, as well as candidates for New York Senate, congressional and state legislature seats. In California they ran their candidate, Deidre Griswold, for in the primary for the Peace and Freedom Party nomination. They came in last with 1,232 votes out of 9,092. In 1984 the WWP supported Jesse Jackson's bid for the Democratic nomination, but when he lost in the primaries they nominated their own presidential ticket, along with a handful of congressional and legislative nominees.[8]
Activities and organizational structure
The WWP has organized, directed or participated in many coalition organizations for various causes, typically anti-imperialist in nature. The International Action Center, which counts many WWP members as leading activists, founded the Act Now to Stop War and End Racism (ANSWER) coalition shortly after the September 11 attacks in 2001, and has run both the All People's Congress (APC) and the International Action Center (IAC) for many years. The APC and the IAC in particular share a large degree of overlap in their memberships with cadre in the WWP. In 2004, a youth group close to the WWP called Fight Imperialism Stand Together (FIST) was founded.[citation needed]
The WWP has participated in presidential election campaigns since the 1980 election, though its effectiveness in this area is limited as it has not been able to get on the ballots of many states. The Party also has run some campaigns for other offices. One of the most successful was in 1990, when Susan Farquhar got on the ballot as a US Senate candidate in Michigan and received 1.3% of the vote. However, the party's best result was in the 1992 Ohio US Senate election, when the WWP candidate received 6.7% of the vote, running against a Democrat and a Republican.[9]
WWP and North Korea
The WWP has maintained a position of support for the government of North Korea. Through its Vietnam-era front organization, the American Servicemen's Union (ASU), the party endorsed a 1971 statement of support for that government. The statement was read on North Korea's international radio station by visiting ASU delegate Andy Stapp.[10] In 1994, Sam Marcy sent a letter to Kim Jong-il expressing his condolences on behalf of the WWP with the passing of his father Kim Il-sung, calling him a great leader and comrade in the international communist movement.[11] Its more recent front groups, IAC and (formerly) International ANSWER, have also demonstrated in support of North Korea.[12]
Controversy
When the WWP was playing a role in organizing anti-war protests before the invasion of Iraq in 2003, many newspapers and TV shows attacked the WWP specifically for supporting the Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein.[13][14][15]
Splits
In 1968 the WWP absorbed a small faction of the Spartacist League that had worked with it in the Coalition for an Anti-Imperialist Movement called the Revolutionary Communist League (Internationalist). This group left the WWP in 1971 as the New York Revolutionary Committee. The NYRC's newspaper provided rare details about the internal functioning of the group that have subsequently been used by scholars as a primary source. The NYRC later reconsitituted as the Revolutionary Communist League (Internationalist).[16]
In 2004, the WWP suffered its most serious split when the San Francisco branch and some other members left to form the Party for Socialism and Liberation.[17][failed verification]
Presidential tickets
| Year | President | Alternate in some states |
Vice-President | Votes | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Deirdre Griswold | Gavrielle Holmes | 13,213 | ||
| 1984 | Larry Holmes | Gavrielle Holmes | Gloria LaRiva | 17,983 | Larry received 15,327 (0.01654%), Gavrielle received 2,656 (0.00287%) |
| 1988 | 7,846 | ||||
| 1992 | Gloria La Riva | Larry Holmes | 181 | ||
| 1996 | Monica Moorehead | Gloria La Riva | 29,083 | ||
| 2000 | 4,795 | ||||
| 2004 | John Parker | Teresa Gutierrez | 1,646 | Includes 265 votes on the Liberty Union Party line in Vermont | |
| 2008 | endorsed Cynthia McKinney | endorsed Rosa Clemente | 161,797 | No nominee of their own, endorsed the Green Party of the United States | |
| 2016 | Monica Moorehead | Lamont Lilly | 4,173 |
Notable members
- Leslie Feinberg, author
- Sara Flounders, author
- Caleb Maupin, journalist[19]
References
- ^ "Selected Works of Sam Marcy". Workers World. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ Alexander 1991, p. 911.
- ^ Alexander 1973, p. 554.
- ^ Alexander 1991, p. 912.
- ^ Klehr, Harvey (1988) Far Left of Center
- ^ Alexander 1991, pp. 912–913.
- ^ Alexander 1991, p. 913.
- ^ Alexander 1991, p. 914.
- ^ 2002 "Vote for U.S. Senate". Ballot Access News. January 1, 2003. Retrieved September 22, 2008.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ "Workers World Party and Its Front Organizations" (April 1974) US House Committee on Internal Security
- ^ Marcy, Sam (July 21, 1994). "Kim Il Sung - Anti-imperialist fighter, socialist hero".
- ^ Carlson, Peter (15 Dec 2002). "The Crusader: Ramsey Clark Was LBJ's Attorney General. Now He's Busy Denouncing U.S. 'War Crimes' in Places Like Iraq, N. Korea. How Did That Happen?". The Washington Post.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Cooper, Marc (September 29, 2002). "A Smart Peace Movement is MIA". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Gitlin, Todd (October 14, 2002). "Who Will Lead?". Mother Jones magazine.
- ^ Corn, David (November 1, 2002). "Behind the Placards: The odd and troubling origins of today's antiwar movement". LA Weekly.
- ^ Alexander 1991, pp. 913, 941–3, 1049.
- ^ "Socialism and Liberation magazine is changing". pslweb.org. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
- ^ "Election Results (1984–present)". Federal Elections Commission. "Election Results (1980)". Office of the Clerk of the U. S. House of Representatives.
- ^ "Caleb T. Maupin". workers.org. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
Sources
- Committee on Internal Security, House of Representatives (1974). The Workers World Party and Its Front Organizations. Washington: US Congress.
{{cite book}}: Check|first=value (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Alexander, Robert (1991). International Trotskyism: a documented analysis of the world movement. Durham: Duke University Press.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Alexander, Robert (1973). "Labor History". 14 (Fall 1973).
{{cite journal}}:|chapter=ignored (help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Further reading
- Roots of the Workers World Party by Ken Lawrence, Marxmail Discussion List. January 1999. Retrieved April 12, 2005.
- Politics 1 Guide to US Political parties contains brief entry on WWP.
- "A Clarification on Sam Marcy and Henry Wallace" correspondence on the early history of the Global Class War tendency
- "Peace Activists" with a Secret Agenda Part Three: Stealth Trotskyism and the Mystery of the WWP“ by Kevin Coogan
External links
- Workers World Party homepage
- Fight Imperialism - Stand Together, Youth group affiliated with Workers World Party
- The global class war and the destiny of American labor by Sam Marcy New Haven, CT : Distributed by Revolutionary Communist League (Internationalist), 1979 (a foundational document of the "Global Class War tendency")
- The class character of the Hungarian uprising : proposed resolution on the class character of the Hungarian uprising : November 3, 1956 by V. Grey New York, reissued by Workers World, 1959 (another foundational document of the "Global Class War tendency")
