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Mixed teams at the Olympics

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Mixed team at the
Olympics
IOC codeZZX
NOCMixed team
Medals
Gold
3
Silver
2
Bronze
4
Total
9
Summer appearances
Other related appearances
1906 Intercalated Games
This article is about early modern Olympics. For modern Olympics independent participants grouped under the Olympic flag, see Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games and Refugee Olympic Team at the Olympic Games.
Not to be confused with Mixed-NOCs at the Youth Olympics.

Early modern Olympic Games allowed for individuals in a team to be from different nations. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) grouped their results together under the mixed team designation.[1]

Until 2024, the IOC considered all teams in which athletes from different countries competed as mixed teams. The IOC used the IOC code ZZX to designate such mixed teams. A total of 25 medals were won by mixed teams (in accordance with the IOC old criteria) in the first three modern Games, from 1896 to 1904.

However, since 2024, the IOC has changed its approach to determining which teams are actually mixed teams. If a team represented a club of a particular country at the Olympics, then such a team is now considered a team of the corresponding country, even if the club included foreign athletes. This situation was quite common in the early 20th century, when foreign athletes competing for a club had long-term permanent residence in the country of the club, but had a different citizenship. Since 2024, only those teams are considered mixed teams in which athletes from different countries participated together only for the duration of the Olympics and did not belong to a single club of any country. The IOC used the IOC code XXB to designate mixed teams under new criteria. A total of 9 medals were won by mixed teams (in accordance with the IOC modern criteria) in the first three modern Games, from 1896 to 1904.

Medal tables

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See also: All-time Olympic Games medal table

Medals by Games (in accordance with the IOC old criteria)

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Games Medallists Medallists by country Gold Silver Bronze Total medals Rank
1896 Athens 4  AUS (1)
 GER (1)
 GBR (2)		 1 0 1 2 11[2]
1900 Paris 99  AUS (1)
 BEL (9)
 BOH (1)
 COL (1)
 DEN (3)
 FRA (35)
 GBR (31)
 HAI (1)
 MEX (3)
 NED (4)
 NZL (1)
 SWE (3)
 USA (6)		 8 5 6 19 4[3]
1904 St. Louis 19  AUT (1)
 CUB (2)
 FRA (1)
 GER (1)
 USA (14)		 2 1 1 4 6[4]
Total 122 11 6 8 25 55

Medals by Games (in accordance with the IOC new criteria)

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Games Medallists Medallists by country Gold Silver Bronze Total medals Rank
1896 Athens 4  AUS (1)
 GER (1)
 GBR (2)		 1 0 1 2
1900 Paris 18  BOH (1)
 DEN (3)
 FRA (2)
 GBR (3)
 MEX (3)
 SWE (3)
 USA (3)		 1 2 3 6
1904 St. Louis 3  CUB (2)
 USA (1)		 1 0 0 1
Total 25 3 2 4 9

Medals redistribution as a result of changing criteria

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Team Games Gold Silver Bronze Total medals
Mixed team 1900 Paris, 1904 St. Louis -8 -4 -4 -16
France 1900 Paris 3 2 2 7
Great Britain 1900 Paris 3 1 0 4
United States 1904 St. Louis 1 1 1 3
Netherlands 1900 Paris 1 0 0 1
Belgium 1900 Paris 0 0 1 1

List of medalists of mixed teams

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Medal
(old criteria) 		Medal
(new criteria) 		Games Sport Event Team / Names
1st place, gold medalist(s) 1st place, gold medalist(s) 1896 Athens Tennis Men's doubles[5] John Boland (GBR), Fritz Traun (GER)
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 1896 Athens Tennis Men's doubles[5] Edwin Flack (AUS), George Stuart Robertson (GBR)
1st place, gold medalist(s) Great Britain 1900 Paris Polo[6] Men

Foxhunters Hurlingham
GBR: John Beresford, Denis St. George Daly, Alfred Rawlinson;
USA: Foxhall Parker Keene, Frank MacKey.

2nd place, silver medalist(s) Great Britain 1900 Paris Polo[6] Men

BLO Polo Club Rugby
GBR: Walter Buckmaster, Frederick Freake;
USA: Walter McCreery;
FRA: Jean de Madre.

3rd place, bronze medalist(s) France 1900 Paris Polo[6] Men

Bagatelle Polo Club de Paris
FRA: Robert Fournier-Sarlovèze, Maurice Raoul-Duval, Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild;
GBR: Frederick Agnew Gill.

3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 1900 Paris Polo[6] Men

North-American Polo Team
MEX: Eustaquio de Escandón, Manuel de Escandón, Pablo de Escandón;
USA: Guillermo Hayden Wright.

1st place, gold medalist(s) France 1900 Paris Rugby[7] Men

France National Rugby Team
FRA: A. Albert, Jean Collas, Charles Gondouin, Wladimir Aïtoff, Léon Binoche, Jean-Guy Gauthier, Auguste Giroux, Jean Hervé, Victor Larchandet, Hubert Lefèbvre, Joseph Olivier, Alexandre Pharamond, Frantz Reichel, André Rischmann, Emile Sarrade;
USA: André Roosevelt;
HAI: Constantin Henriquez.

3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Belgium 1900 Paris Football[8] Men

Université de Bruxelles
BEL: Marius Delbecque, Raul Kelecom, Marcel Leboutte, Lucien Londot, Ernest Moreau de Melen, Eugène Neefs, Gustave Pelgrims, Alphonse Renier, Hilaire Spanoghe;
NED: Hendrik van Heuckelum;
GBR: Eric Thornton;

1st place, gold medalist(s) France 1900 Paris Sailing 2 - 3 Ton Race One[9] William Exshaw (GBR), Frédéric Blanchy (FRA), Jacques Le Lavasseur (FRA)
1st place, gold medalist(s) France 1900 Paris Sailing 2 - 3 Ton Race Two[10] William Exshaw (GBR), Frédéric Blanchy (FRA), Jacques Le Lavasseur (FRA)
2nd place, silver medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 1900 Paris Tennis Men's doubles[11] Max Decugis (FRA), Basil Spalding de Garmendia (USA)
2nd place, silver medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 1900 Paris Tennis Mixed doubles[12] Yvonne Prévost (FRA), Harold Mahony (GBR)
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 1900 Paris Tennis Mixed doubles[12] Marion Jones Farquhar (USA), Laurence Doherty (GBR)
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 1900 Paris Tennis Mixed doubles[12] Hedwiga Rosenbaumová (BOH), Archibald Warden (GBR)
1st place, gold medalist(s) Netherlands 1900 Paris Rowing Rowing pair-oared shell with coxswain men[13] François Brandt (NED), Roelof Klein (NED), Hermanus Brockmann (NED), Unknown boy (FRA)
1st place, gold medalist(s) Great Britain 1900 Paris Athletics 5000m team men[14] Stan Rowley (AUS), Alfred Tysoe (GBR), Sidney Robinson (GBR), John Rimmer (GBR), Charles Bennett (GBR)
2nd place, silver medalist(s) France 1900 Paris Cricket[15] Men

French Athletic Club Union
FRA: William Attrill,[16] F. Roques,[17] Philip Tomalin;[18]
GBR: William Anderson, John Braid, W. Browning, Robert Horne, Timothée Jordan, Arthur MacEvoy, Douglas Robinson, A. J. Schneidau, Henry Terry.

1st place, gold medalist(s) 1st place, gold medalist(s) 1900 Paris Tug of War[19] Men

Scandinavian team
DEN: Edgar Aabye, Eugen Schmidt, Charles Winckler;
SWE: August Nilsson, Gustaf Söderström, Karl Staaf.

2nd place, silver medalist(s) France 1900 Paris Tug of War[19] Men

Racing Club de France
FRA: Raymond Basset, Jean Collas, Charles Gondouin, Joseph Roffo, Émile Sarrade;
COL: Francisco Henríquez de Zubiría.

1st place, gold medalist(s) Great Britain 1900 Paris Water Polo[20] Men

Osborne Swimming Club of Manchester
GBR: Thomas Coe, Robert Crawshaw, William Henry, John Arthur Jarvis, Peter Kemp, Frederick Stapleton;
NZL: Victor Lindberg.

3rd place, bronze medalist(s) France 1900 Paris Water Polo[20] Men

Libellule de Paris
FRA: Jules Clévenot / Devenot, Alphonse Decuyper, Louis Laufray, Henri Peslier, Paul Vasseur, Auguste Pesloy;
GBR: Bill Burgess.

3rd place, bronze medalist(s) United States 1904 St. Louis Tug of War[21] Men

Southwest Turnverein of St. Louis No. 2
USA: Oscar Friede, Charles Harberkorn, Harry Jacobs, Charles Thias;
GER: Frank Kugler.

2nd place, silver medalist(s) United States 1904 St. Louis Athletics 4 miles team men[22]

Chicago Athletic Association
USA: James Lightbody, William Frank Verner, Lacey Hearn, Sidney Hatch;
FRA: Albert Corey.

1st place, gold medalist(s) 1st place, gold medalist(s) 1904 St. Louis Fencing Foil Team men[23] Ramón Fonst (CUB), Manuel Díaz (CUB), Albertson Van Zo Post (USA)
1st place, gold medalist(s) United States 1904 St. Louis Gymnastics Artistic Team All-Around, Apparatus Work and Field Sports Men[24]

Philadelphia Turngemeinde
USA: John Grieb, Anton Heida, Max Hess, Philip Kassel, Ernst Reckeweg;
AUT: Julius Lenhart.

Medals by sport (in accordance with the IOC old criteria)

[edit]
The Netherlands' François Brandt (left), Roelof Klein and their coxswain, an unknown French boy, at the 1900 Olympics
Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total
Tug of war[19][21] 1 1 1 3
Sailing[10][9] 2 0 0 2
Tennis[5][11][12] 1 2 3 6
Polo[6] 1 1 2 4
Athletics[14][22] 1 1 0 2
Water Polo[20] 1 0 1 2
Fencing[23] 1 0 0 1
Rowing[13] 1 0 0 1
Rugby[7] 1 0 0 1
Gymnastics[24] 1 0 0 1
Cricket[15] 0 1 0 1
Football[8] 0 0 1 1
Totals (12 sports) 11 6 8 25

Medals by sport (in accordance with the IOC new criteria)

[edit]
The Netherlands' François Brandt (left), Roelof Klein and their coxswain, an unknown French boy, at the 1900 Olympics
Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total
Tug of war[19][21] 1 0 0 1
Tennis[5][11][12] 1 2 3 6
Polo[6] 0 0 1 1
Fencing[23] 1 0 0 1
Totals (4 sports) 3 2 4 9

Medals by nation combination (in accordance with the IOC old criteria)

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Nations Gold Silver Bronze Total
 France
 Great Britain		 2 2 2 6
 Australia
 Great Britain		 1 0 1 2
 Great Britain
 United States		 1 0 1 2
 Cuba
 United States		 1 0 0 1
 Denmark
 Sweden		 1 0 0 1
 France
 Netherlands		 1 0 0 1
 Germany
 Great Britain		 1 0 0 1
 France
 Haiti		 1 0 0 1
 Great Britain
 New Zealand		 1 0 0 1
 Austria
 United States		 1 0 0 1
 France
 United States		 0 2 0 2
 France
 Colombia		 0 1 0 1
 Great Britain
 France
 United States		 0 1 0 1
 Bohemia
 Great Britain		 0 0 1 1
 Mexico
 United States		 0 0 1 1
 Germany
 United States		 0 0 1 1
 Great Britain
 Belgium
 Netherlands		 0 0 1 1
Total 11 6 8 25

Medals by nation combination (in accordance with the IOC new criteria)

[edit]
Nations Gold Silver Bronze Total
 Cuba
 United States		 1 0 0 1
 Denmark
 Sweden		 1 0 0 1
 Germany
 Great Britain		 1 0 0 1
 France
 Great Britain		 0 1 0 1
 France
 United States		 0 1 0 1
 Australia
 Great Britain		 0 0 1 1
 Bohemia
 Great Britain		 0 0 1 1
 Great Britain
 United States		 0 0 1 1
 Mexico
 United States		 0 0 1 1
Total 3 2 4 9

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Horne, J.; Whannel, G. (2016). Understanding the Olympics. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. p. 179. ISBN 9780415558365.
  2. ^ IOC. "Athens 1896 Olympic Medal Table - Gold, Silver & Bronze". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  3. ^ IOC. "Paris 1900 Olympic Results - Gold, Silver, Bronze Medallists". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  4. ^ IOC. "St. Louis 1904 Olympic Results - Gold, Silver, Bronze Medallists". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  5. ^ a b c d IOC. "Athens 1896 doubles men Results - Olympic tennis". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  6. ^ a b c d e f IOC. "Paris 1900 polo men Results - Olympic polo". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  7. ^ a b IOC. "Paris 1900 rugby men Results - Olympic rugby". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  8. ^ a b IOC. "Paris 1900 football men Results - Olympic football". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  9. ^ a b IOC. "Paris 1900 2-3t mixed Results - Olympic sailing". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  10. ^ a b IOC. "Paris 1900 2-3 Ton Race Two Open Results - Olympic sailing". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  11. ^ a b c IOC. "Paris 1900 doubles men Results - Olympic tennis". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  12. ^ a b c d e IOC. "Paris 1900 mixed doubles mixed Results - Olympic tennis". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  13. ^ a b IOC. "Paris 1900 pair-oared shell with coxswain men Results - Olympic rowing". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  14. ^ a b IOC. "Paris 1900 5000m team men Results - Olympic athletics". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  15. ^ a b IOC. "Paris 1900 cricket men Results - Olympic cricket". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  16. ^ "William Attrill". Archived from the original on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  17. ^ "H. F. Roques". Archived from the original on 2017-07-26. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  18. ^ "Philip Tomalin". Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  19. ^ a b c d IOC. "Paris 1900 tug of war men Results - Olympic tug-of-war". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  20. ^ a b c IOC. "Paris 1900 water polo men Results - Olympic water-polo". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  21. ^ a b c IOC. "St. Louis 1904 tug of war men Results - Olympic tug-of-war". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  22. ^ a b IOC. "St. Louis 1904 4miles team men Results - Olympic athletics". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  23. ^ a b c IOC. "St. Louis 1904 foil team men Results - Olympic fencing". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  24. ^ a b IOC. "St. Louis 1904 Team All-Around, Apparatus Work and Field Sports Men Results - Olympic gymnastics-artistic". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
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