Jump to content

Adobe Inc.

Coordinates: 37°19′51″N 121°53′38″W / 37.3307°N 121.8940°W / 37.3307; -121.8940
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Adobe Systems Inc.)

Adobe Inc.
Adobe
FormerlyAdobe Systems Incorporated (1982–2018)
Company typePublic
IndustrySoftware
FoundedDecember 1982; 41 years ago (1982-12)
Mountain View, California, U.S.
Founders
HeadquartersAdobe World Headquarters,
San Jose, California
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
ServicesSaaS
RevenueIncrease US$19.41 billion (2023)
Increase US$6.650 billion (2023)
Increase US$5.428 billion (2023)
Total assetsIncrease US$29.78 billion (2023)
Total equityIncrease US$16.52 billion (2023)
Number of employees
29,945 (2023)
Websiteadobe.com
Footnotes / references
Financials as of December 1, 2023.[1]

Adobe Inc. (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee), formerly Adobe Systems Incorporated, is an American computer software company based in San Jose, California. It offers a wide range of programs from web design tools, photo manipulation and vector creation, through to video/audio editing, mobile app development, print layout and animation software. It has historically specialized in software for the creation and publication of a wide range of content, including graphics, photography, illustration, animation, multimedia/video, motion pictures, and print. Its flagship products include Adobe Photoshop image editing software; Adobe Illustrator vector-based illustration software; Adobe Acrobat Reader and the Portable Document Format (PDF); and a host of tools primarily for audio-visual content creation, editing and publishing. Adobe offered a bundled solution of its products named Adobe Creative Suite, which evolved into a subscription software as a service (SaaS) offering named Adobe Creative Cloud.[2] The company also expanded into digital marketing software and in 2021 was considered one of the top global leaders in Customer Experience Management (CXM).[3]

Adobe was founded in December 1982[4] by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution.[5] Adobe later developed animation and multimedia through its acquisition of Macromedia, from which it acquired Macromedia Flash; video editing and compositing software with Adobe Premiere, later known as Adobe Premiere Pro; low-code web development with Adobe Muse; and a suite of software for digital marketing management.

As of 2022, Adobe has more than 26,000 employees worldwide.[4] Adobe also has major development operations in the United States in Newton,[6] New York City, Arden Hills, Lehi, Seattle, Austin and San Francisco. It also has major development operations in Noida and Bangalore in India.[7] The company has long been the dominant tech firm in design and creative software,[8][9] despite attracting criticism for its policies and practices particularly around Adobe Creative Cloud's switch to subscription only pricing and its early termination fees for its most promoted Creative Cloud plan, the latter of which attracted a joint civil lawsuit from the US Federal Trade Commission and the US Department of Justice in 2024.[10]

History

[edit]
Logo of Adobe Systems, 1982–1993

PostScript (1982–1986)

[edit]

The company was started in John Warnock's garage.[11] The name of the company, Adobe, comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, a stream which ran behind Warnock's house.[4] That creek is named because of the type of clay found there (Adobe being a Spanish word for Mudbrick). Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized "A" and was designed by graphic designer Marva Warnock, John Warnock's wife.[12] Steve Jobs attempted to buy the company for $5 million[13] in 1982, but Warnock and Geschke refused. Their investors urged them to work something out with Jobs, so they agreed to sell him shares worth 19 percent of the company. Jobs paid a five-times multiple of their company's valuation at the time, plus a five-year license fee for PostScript, in advance. The purchase and advance made Adobe the first company in the history of Silicon Valley to become profitable in its first year.[14]

Warnock and Geschke considered various business options including a copy-service business and a turnkey system for office printing. Then they chose to focus on developing specialized printing software and created the Adobe PostScript page description language.[15]

PostScript was the first international standard for computer printing as it included algorithms describing the letter-forms of many languages. Adobe added kanji printer products in 1988.[16] Warnock and Geschke were also able to bolster the credibility of PostScript by connecting with a typesetting manufacturer. They weren't able to work with Compugraphic, but then worked with Linotype to license the Helvetica and Times Roman fonts (through the Linotron 100).[17] By 1987, PostScript had become the industry-standard printer language with more than 400 third-party software programs and licensing agreements with 19 printer companies.[15]

Adobe's first products after PostScript were digital fonts which they released in a proprietary format called Type 1, worked on by Bill Paxton after he left Stanford. Apple subsequently developed a competing standard, TrueType, which provided full scalability and precise control of the pixel pattern created by the font's outlines, and licensed it to Microsoft.

Introduction of creative software (1986–1996)

[edit]

Starting in the mid-1980s, Adobe entered the consumer software market, starting with Adobe Illustrator, a vector-based drawing program for the Apple Macintosh. Illustrator, which grew out of the firm's in-house font-development software, helped popularize PostScript-enabled laser printers. By the mid-1990s, Adobe would either develop or acquire Photoshop from John and Thomas Knoll, FrameMaker from Frame Technology Corporation, and After Effects and PageMaker from Aldus, as well as develop Adobe Premiere, later known as Premiere Pro, in-house, initially releasing it in 1991.[18][19][20] Around the same time as the development of Illustrator, Adobe entered the NASDAQ Composite index in August 1986.[21][22]

Logo of Adobe Inc., 1993-2017

PDFs and file formats (1993–1999)

[edit]

In 1993, Adobe introduced the Portable Document Format, commonly shortened to the initialism PDF, and its Adobe Acrobat and Reader software. Warnock originally developed the PDF under a code name, "The Camelot Project", using PostScript technology to create a widely available digital document format, able to display text, raster graphics, vector graphics, and fonts. Adobe kept the PDF as a proprietary file format from its introduction until 2008, when the PDF became an ISO international standard under ISO number ISO 32000-1:2008, though the PDF file format was free for viewers since its introduction.[23][24]

With its acquisition of Aldus, in addition to gaining PageMaker and After Effects, Adobe gained control over the TIFF file format for images.[25]

Creative Suite and the Macromedia acquisition (2000–2009)

[edit]

The 2000s saw various developments for the company. Its first notable acquisition in the decade was in 2002, when Adobe acquired Canadian company Accelio, also known as JetForm.[26] In May 2003, Adobe purchased audio editing and multitrack recording software Cool Edit Pro from Syntrillium Software for $16.5 million,[27] as well as a large loop library called "Loopology". Adobe then renamed Cool Edit Pro to Adobe Audition.

It was in 2003 that the company introduced the first version of Adobe Creative Suite, bundling its creative software into a single package. The first version of Creative Suite introduced InDesign (the successor to PageMaker), Illustrator, Photoshop, ImageReady and InCopy, with the 2005 second edition of Creative Suite including an updated version of Adobe Acrobat, Premiere Pro, GoLive, the file manager Adobe Bridge, and Adobe Dreamweaver, the latter of which was acquired from a $3.4 billion acquisition of Macromedia, most notably .[28][29]

In addition to bringing in Dreamweaver, the $3.4 billion Macromedia acquisition, completed as a stock swap, added ColdFusion, Contribute, Captivate, Breeze (rebranded as Adobe Connect), Director, Fireworks, Flash, FlashPaper, Flex, FreeHand, HomeSite, JRun, Presenter, and Authorware to Adobe's product line.[30]

By April 2008, Adobe released Adobe Media Player.[31] On April 27, Adobe discontinued the development and sales of its older HTML/web development software, GoLive, in favor of Dreamweaver. Adobe offered a discount on Dreamweaver for GoLive users and supports those who still use GoLive with online tutorials and migration assistance. On June 1, Adobe launched Acrobat.com, a series of web applications geared for collaborative work.[32] Creative Suite 4, which includes Design, Web, Production Premium, and Master Collection came out in October 2008 in six configurations at prices from about US$1,700 to $2,500[33] or by individual application.[34] The Windows version of Photoshop includes 64-bit processing.[34] On December 3, 2008, Adobe laid off 600 of its employees (8% of the worldwide staff) citing the weak economic environment.

On September 15, 2009, Adobe Systems announced that it would acquire online marketing and web analytics company Omniture for $1.8 billion.[35] The deal was completed on October 23, 2009.[36] Former Omniture products were integrated into the Adobe Marketing Cloud.[37]

On November 10, 2009, the company laid off a further 680 employees.[38]

End of Flash, security breach, and employee compensation class action (2010–2014)

[edit]
Logo of Adobe Systems, 2017–2024

Adobe's 2010 was marked by continuing arguments with Apple over the latter's non-support for Adobe Flash on its iPhone, iPad and other products.[39] Former Apple CEO Steve Jobs claimed that Flash was not reliable or secure enough, while Adobe executives have argued that Apple wishes to maintain control over the iOS platform. In April 2010, Steve Jobs published a post titled Thoughts on Flash where he outlined his thoughts on Flash and the rise of HTML5.[40] In July 2010, Adobe bought Day Software[41] integrating their line of CQ Products: WCM,[42] DAM,[43] SOCO,[44] and Mobile[45]

In January 2011, Adobe acquired DemDex, Inc. with the intent of adding DemDex's audience-optimization software to its online marketing suite.[46] At Photoshop World 2011, Adobe unveiled a new mobile photo service.[47] Carousel was a new application for iPhone, iPad, and Mac that used Photoshop Lightroom technology to allow users to adjust and fine-tune images on all platforms.[47] Carousel also allowed users to automatically sync, share and browse photos.[47] The service was later renamed "Adobe Revel".[48] Later that same year in October, Adobe acquired Nitobi Software, the maker of the mobile application development framework PhoneGap. As part of the acquisition, the source code of PhoneGap was submitted to the Apache Foundation, where it became Apache Cordova.[49]

In November 2011, Adobe announced that they would cease development of Flash for mobile devices following version 11.1. Instead, it would focus on HTML5 for mobile devices.[50] In December 2011, Adobe announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire privately held Efficient Frontier.[51]

In December 2012, Adobe opened a new 280,000-square-foot (26,000 m2) corporate campus in Lehi, Utah.[52]

In 2013, Adobe endured a major security breach. Vast portions of the source code for the company's software were stolen and posted online[53] and over 150 million records of Adobe's customers were made readily available for download.[54] In 2012, about 40 million sets of payment card information were compromised by a hack at Adobe.[55]

A class-action lawsuit alleging that the company suppressed employee compensation was filed against Adobe, and three other Silicon Valley–based companies in a California federal district court in 2013.[56] In May 2014, it was revealed the four companies, Adobe, Apple, Google, and Intel had reached an agreement with the plaintiffs, 64,000 employees of the four companies, to pay a sum of $324.5 million to settle the suit.[citation needed]

Adobe Creative Cloud (Since 2011)

[edit]

2011 saw the company first introduce Adobe Creative Cloud, a $600/year subscription plan to its creative software as opposed to a one-time perpetual license payment which could often top $2000 for creative professionals. The initial launch of Creative Cloud alongside Creative Suite 5 users came at the same time that Adobe ran into controversy from users of Adobe's creative software, with users of Adobe software stating that the original perpetual and subscription pricing plans for CS5 would be unaffordable for not only individuals but also businesses, as well as refusing to extend a Creative Suite 6 discount to non-CS5 users. The original announcement of Adobe Creative Cloud was met with a positive reception from CNET journalists as a much more enticing plan, and Creative Cloud was first released in 2012, though a later CNET survey evidenced that more users had a negative perception about subscription creative software than a positive view. The original pricing plan for Creative Cloud was $75 per month for the entire suite of software, though Adobe discounted the monthly cost to $50 for users willing to commit to at least one year of continuous subscription for Creative Cloud, and down to $30 per month for former CS users with the one year commitment.[57][58]

By 2013, Adobe decided that CS6 would be the last version of Creative Suite software that would be sold through perpetual licensing option, and in May announced that a Creative Cloud subscription would be the only way to get the newest versions of Photoshop, Illustrator, and other Adobe creative software. Reception to the mandatory subscriptions for future Adobe software was mostly negative, despite some positive testimonies on the move from customers and Adobe's attraction of 500,000 Creative Cloud subscribers by the service's first year.[59] The switch to subscription only also did not deter software piracy of Creative Cloud services; within the first day of the first version of Photoshop exclusively made for Creative Cloud being released, cracked versions of Adobe Photoshop CC 2013 were found on The Pirate Bay, an online website used for distributing pirated software.[60][61]

Further acquisitions and failed buyout of Figma (2018–2023)

[edit]

In March 2018, at Adobe Summit, the company and Nvidia announced their association to upgrade their AI and profound learning innovations. They planned to streamline Adobe Sensei AI and machine learning structure for Nvidia GPUs. Adobe and Nvidia had cooperated for 10 years on GPU quickening. This incorporates Sensei-powered features, e.g. auto lip-sync in Adobe Character Animator CC and face-aware editing in Photoshop CC, and also cloud-based AI/ML items and features, for example, picture investigation for Adobe Stock and Lightroom CC and auto-labeling in Adobe Experience Supervisor.[62]

Adobe further spent its time from 2018 to 2023 acquiring more companies to boost both Creative Cloud and the Adobe Experience Cloud, a software suite which increased business. These included e-commerce services provider Magento Commerce from private equity firm Permira for $1.68 billion in June 2018,[63][64] Marketo for $4.75 billion in 2018,[65] Allegorithmic in 2019 for just under $160 million,[66][67] and Workfront in December 2020 for $1.5 billion.[68] 2021 additionally saw Adobe add payment services to its e-commerce platforms in an attempt to compete with Shopify, accepting both credit cards and PayPal.[69]

In July 2020, as the United States presidential elections approached, the software giant imposed a ban on the political ads features on its digital advertising sales platform.[70]

On November 9, 2020, Adobe announced it would spend US$1.5 billion to acquire Workfront, a provider of marketing collaboration software.[71] The acquisition was completed in early December 2020.

On August 19, 2021, Adobe announced it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Frame.io, a leading cloud-based video collaboration platform. The transaction is valued at $1.275 billion and closed during the fourth quarter of Adobe's 2021 fiscal year.[72]

Adobe announced a $20 billion acquisition of Figma, an Adobe XD competitor, in September 2022,[73] its largest to date.[74] Regulatory scrutiny from the US and European Union began shortly after due to concerns that Adobe, already a major player in the design software market with XD, would have too much control if it also owned Figma. At the time of the announcement to acquire Figma, Adobe's share over the creative software market and design-software market was almost a monopoly.[75] In December 2023, the two companies called off their merger, citing the regulatory challenges as a sign to both that the deal was not likely to be approved. Adobe paid Figma a $1 billion termination fee per their merger agreement.[76][77][78][79][80]

FTC lawsuit and terms of service update (Since 2024)

[edit]

On June 17, 2024, the US Federal Trade Commission together with the US Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against Adobe for its subscription business model practice, citing hidden termination fees and the company pushing customers towards more expensive plans.[81]

In June 2024, after facing backlash for its changes to the terms of service, Adobe updated them to explicitly pledge it will not use customer data to train its AI models.[82]

Finances

[edit]
Development since 2005[83]
Year Revenue
in million USD 		Growth Rate
% 		Net Income
in million USD 		Price per Share
in US-$ 		Employees
2005 1,966 603 30.77
2006 2,575 23.65% 506 35.60
2007 3,158 18.46% 724 41.97
2008 3,580 11.79% 872 35.33
2009 2,946 (21.52)% 387 28.63 8,660
2010 3,800 22.47% 775 31.21 9,117
2011 4,216 9.87% 833 31.12 9,925
2012 4,404 4.27% 833 32.67 11,144
2013 4,055 (8.61)% 290 46.80 11,847
2014 4,147 2.22% 268 67.45 12,499
2015 4,796 13.53% 630 80.97 13,893
2016 5,854 18.07% 1,169 97.32 15,706
2017 7,302 19.83% 1,694 144.00 17,973
2018 9,030 19.14% 2,591 226.24 21,357
2019[84] 11,178 19.16% 2,951 490.564 22,634
2020 12,806 12.8% 5,260 22,516
2021[85] 15,785 23% 4,822 25,988
2022 17,606 4,756 29,239
2023 19,409 5,428 29,945

Products

[edit]
Main article: List of Adobe software

Adobe's currently supported roster of software, online services and file formats comprises the following (as of October 2022):

Graphic design software
Name Icon Type
Photoshop Raster graphics editor
Photoshop Elements Raster graphics editor, hobbyist
Illustrator Vector graphics editor
Acrobat DC Portable Document Format viewer, creator, and editor
FrameMaker Complex document processor
XD Vector design tool for web and mobile applications
InDesign Desktop publishing design and typesetting tool
Lightroom Raw image processor
Express Vector design tool for web and mobile applications
InCopy Simple word processor
Web design software
Name Icon Type
Dreamweaver Web development tool
Flash Multimedia software platform
Video editing, audio editing, animation, and visual effects software
Name Icon Type
Premiere Pro Non-linear video editor
Premiere Elements Non-linear video editor, hobbyist
Audition Audio editor
After Effects Digital visual effects, motion graphics, and compositing application
Character Animator Motion capture tool
Prelude Broadcast ingest and logging application
Animate Computer animation application
E-learning software
Name Icon Type
Captivate E-learning course authoring tool
Presenter Video Express Screencasting recorder and editor
Connect Teleconferencing and videotelephony tool
Web design software
Name Icon Type
ColdFusion Rapid web-application development platform
Content Server E-book digital rights management system
LiveCycle Java EE Service-oriented architecture software
3D and AR software by Mixamo
Name Icon Type
Aero Augmented reality authoring and publishing tool
Dimension 3D rendering and rudimentary design tool
Substance 3D Suite of 3D model and texture authoring tools.

Remove

Formats

[edit]

Portable Document Format (PDF), PDF's predecessor PostScript, ActionScript, Shockwave Flash (SWF), Flash Video (FLV), and Filmstrip (.flm)[86]

Web-hosted services

[edit]

Adobe Color, Photoshop Express, Acrobat.com, Behance and Adobe Express.

Adobe Renderer

[edit]

Adobe Media Encoder

Adobe Stock

[edit]

A microstock agency that presently provides over 57 million high-resolution, royalty-free images and videos available to license (via subscription or credit purchase methods). In 2015, Adobe acquired Fotolia, a stock content marketplace founded in 2005 by Thibaud Elziere, Oleg Tscheltzoff, and Patrick Chassany which operated in 23 countries.[87] It was run as a stand-alone website until 2019, but has since been integrated into Adobe Stock.[87]

Adobe Experience Platform

[edit]

A family of content, development, and customer relationship management products, with what Adobe calls the "next generation" of its Sensei artificial intelligence and machine learning framework, introduced in March 2019.[88]

Reception

[edit]
Adobe Systems Canada in Ottawa

Since 2000, Fortune has recognized Adobe as one of the 100 Best Companies to Work For. In 2021, Adobe was ranked 16th.[89] Glassdoor recognized Adobe as a Best Place to Work.[90] In October 2021, Fast Company included Adobe on their Brands That Matter list.[91] In October 2008, Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine.[92]

Adobe received a five-star rating from the Electronic Frontier Foundation with regard to its handling of government data requests in 2017.[93]

In 2022, Adobe was listed as one of the Best Places to Work for Disability Inclusion by the Disability Equality Index (DEI).[94]

Criticisms

[edit]

Pricing

[edit]

Adobe has been criticized for its pricing practices,[95][96] with retail prices being up to twice as much in non-US countries.[97]

After Adobe revealed the pricing for the Creative Suite 3 Master Collection, which was £1,000 higher for European customers,[98] a petition to protest over "unfair pricing" was published and signed by 10,000 users.[99] In June 2009, Adobe further increased its prices in the UK by 10% in spite of weakening of the pound against the dollar,[100] and UK users were not allowed to buy from the US store.[101]

Adobe's Reader and Flash programs were listed on "The 10 most hated programs of all time" article by TechRadar.[102]

Security

[edit]

Hackers have exploited vulnerabilities in Adobe programs, such as Adobe Reader, to gain unauthorized access to computers.[103] Adobe's Flash Player has also been criticized for, among other things, suffering from performance, memory usage and security problems. A report by security researchers from Kaspersky Lab criticized Adobe for producing the products having top 10 security vulnerabilities.[104]

Observers noted that Adobe was spying on its customers by including spyware in the Creative Suite 3 software and quietly sending user data to a firm named Omniture.[105] When users became aware, Adobe explained what the suspicious software did and admitted that they: "could and should do a better job taking security concerns into account".[106] When a security flaw was later discovered in Photoshop CS5, Adobe sparked outrage by saying it would leave the flaw unpatched, so anyone who wanted to use the software securely would have to pay for an upgrade.[107] Following a fierce backlash Adobe decided to provide the software patch.[108]

Adobe has been criticized for pushing unwanted software including third-party browser toolbars and free virus scanners, usually as part of the Flash update process,[109] and for pushing a third-party scareware program designed to scare users into paying for unneeded system repairs.[110]

Customer data breach

[edit]

On October 3, 2013, the company initially revealed that 2.9 million customers' sensitive and personal data was stolen in a security breach which included encrypted credit card information.[111][112][113] Adobe later admitted that 38 million active users have been affected and the attackers obtained access to their IDs and encrypted passwords, as well as to many inactive Adobe accounts.[114][115] The company did not make it clear if all the personal information was encrypted, such as email addresses and physical addresses, though data privacy laws in 44 states require this information to be encrypted.[116][117]

In late 2013 a 3.8 GB file stolen from Adobe and containing 152 million usernames, reversibly encrypted passwords and unencrypted password hints was posted on AnonNews.org.[118] LastPass, a password security firm, said that Adobe failed to use best practices for securing the passwords and has not salted them.[119][120] Another security firm, Sophos, showed that Adobe used a weak encryption method permitting the recovery of a lot of information with very little effort.[121] According to IT expert Simon Bain, Adobe has failed its customers and 'should hang their heads in shame'.[122]

Many of the credit cards were tied to the Creative Cloud software-by-subscription service.[123] Adobe offered its affected US customers a free membership in a credit monitoring service, but no similar arrangements have been made for non-US customers.[124][125] When a data breach occurs in the US, penalties depend on the state where the victim resides, not where the company is based.[126]

After stealing the customers' data, cyber-thieves also accessed Adobe's source code repository, likely in mid-August 2013.[127] Because hackers acquired copies of the source code of Adobe proprietary products,[128] they could find and exploit any potential weaknesses in its security, computer experts warned.[129] Security researcher Alex Holden, chief information security officer of Hold Security, characterized this Adobe breach, which affected Acrobat, ColdFusion and numerous other applications, as "one of the worst in US history".[130] Adobe also announced that hackers stole parts of the source code of Photoshop, which according to commentators could allow programmers to copy its engineering techniques[131] and would make it easier to pirate Adobe's expensive products.[132][133]

Published on a server of a Russian-speaking hacker group,[134] the "disclosure of encryption algorithms, other security schemes, and software vulnerabilities can be used to bypass protections for individual and corporate data" and may have opened the gateway to new generation zero-day attacks. Hackers already used ColdFusion exploits to make off with usernames and encrypted passwords of PR Newswire's customers, which has been tied to the Adobe security breach.[135] They also used a ColdFusion exploit to breach Washington state court and expose up to 200,000 Social Security numbers.[136]

See also: Adobe Creative Cloud § Criticism

Anti-competitive practices

[edit]

In 1994, Adobe acquired Aldus Corp., a software vendor that sold FreeHand, a competing product.[137][138] FreeHand was direct competition to Adobe Illustrator, Adobe's flagship vector-graphics editor.[137][138] The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) intervened and forced Adobe to sell FreeHand back to Altsys, and also banned Adobe from buying back FreeHand or any similar program for the next 10 years (1994–2004).[137][138] Altsys was then bought by Macromedia, which released versions 5 to 11.[138] When Adobe acquired Macromedia in December 2005, it stalled development of FreeHand in 2007, effectively rendering it obsolete.[137][139] With FreeHand and Illustrator, Adobe controlled the only two products that compete in the professional illustration program market for Macintosh operating systems.[137]

In 2011, a group of 5,000 FreeHand graphic designers convened under the banner Free FreeHand, and filed a civil antitrust complaint in the US District Court for the Northern District of California against Adobe.[137][138][140][141] The suit alleged that:

Adobe has violated federal and state antitrust laws by abusing its dominant position in the professional vector graphic illustration software market [...] Adobe has engaged in a series of exclusionary and anti-competitive acts and strategies designed to kill FreeHand, the dominant competitor to Adobe's Illustrator software product, instead of competing on the basis of product merit according to the principals of free market capitalism.[137][140][141]

Adobe had no response to the claims and the lawsuit was eventually settled.[137][139] The FreeHand community believes Adobe should release the product to an open-source community if it cannot update it internally.[138]

As of 2010, on its FreeHand product page, Adobe stated, "While we recognize FreeHand has a loyal customer base, we encourage users to migrate to the new Adobe Illustrator CS4 software which supports both PowerPC and Intel–based Macs and Microsoft Windows XP and Windows Vista." As of 2016, the FreeHand page no longer exists; instead, it simply redirects to the Illustrator page. Adobe's software FTP server still contains a directory for FreeHand, but it is empty.[142]

Cancellation fees

[edit]

In April 2021, Adobe received criticism from Twitter users for the company's cancellation fees after a customer shared a tweet showing they had been charged a $291.45 cancellation fee for their Adobe Creative Cloud subscription. Many also showed their cancellation fees for Adobe Creative Cloud, with this leading to many encouraging piracy of Adobe products and/or purchase of alternatives with lower prices or using free and open-source software instead. Furthermore, there have been reports that with changing subscriptions it is possible to avoid paying this fee.[143][144]

The U.S. Department of Justice and the FTC filed a lawsuit against Adobe and two of its executives in June 2024, alleging that the company's deceptive subscription practices and cancellation policies violated the Restore Online Shoppers' Confidence Act. According to the lawsuit, the company purportedly used small text disclosures, optional input fields, and complex web of links to obscure a concealed early termination fee. This fee reportedly amounted to fifty percent of the remaining value of annual contracts for users who chose to cancel early in the first year, resulting in significant penalties. Customers who tried to cancel services by contacting customer service faced obstacles, including dropped calls and multiple transfers between representatives; others continued to be billed by Adobe, under the mistaken belief that they had successfully ended their subscriptions.[10][145][146][147]

2024 terms of service update

[edit]

On June 5, 2024, Adobe updated their terms of service (TOS) for Photoshop stating "we may access your content through both manual and automated methods, such as for content review." This sparked outrage with Adobe users, as the new terms implied that the users' work would be used to train Adobe's generative AI, even if the work was under a non-disclosure agreement (NDA).[148][149]

Adobe responded the following day clarifying that they will not use user data to train generative AI or take users work as their own; however, they neglected to respond to the part in the TOS that gives Adobe the ability to view or use work that is contracted under an NDA.[150]

Chief executive officers

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Adobe Inc. 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. January 17, 2024. Retrieved March 2, 2024.
  2. ^ Weber, Harrison (May 26, 2013). "Adobe Abandons Its Creative Suite to Focus on Creative Cloud". The Next Web. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  3. ^ "The Forrester Wave™: Digital Experience Platforms, Q3 2021". July 21, 2021. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "Adobe fast facts". 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  5. ^ Edwards, Benj (April 27, 2010). "Four reasons the LaserWriter mattered". MacWorld. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
  6. ^ Donnelly, Julie (September 17, 2013). "Adobe dumps gleaming Waltham digs at a $20M loss". Boston Business Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  7. ^ Khosla, Varuni (July 5, 2017). "India's best companies to work for 2017: Here's why interns love Adobe Systems". The Economic Times. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  8. ^ Tilley, Aaron (January 12, 2023). "How Adobe Became One of America's Most Valuable Tech Companies". The Wall Street Journal.
  9. ^ "The Secret of Adobe's Dominance Position in Design Software". envzone.com. October 24, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  10. ^ Rholetter, Wylene (2013). "Charles Geschke: Co-founder and co-chairman of Adobe". Computer Technology Innovators. Ipswich, MA: Salem Press. pp. 104–[108]. ISBN 9781429838054.
  11. ^ "Adobe Logo: Design and History". Famouslogos.net. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
  12. ^ Jager, Rama Dev (1997). In the company of giants: candid conversations with the visionaries of the digital world. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 105.
  13. ^ Menuez, Doug (2014). Fearless genius : the digital revolution in Silicon Valley, 1985–2000. New York: Atria Books. pp. 45. ISBN 9781476752730.
  14. ^ a b Wawro, Thaddeus (2000). "Charles Geschke & John Warnock: the fathers of desktop publishing". Radicals and visionaries. Entrepreneur Press. p. 143. ISBN 1891984136.
  15. ^ Menuez, Doug (2014). Fearless genius : the digital revolution in Silicon Valley, 1985–2000. New York: Atria Books. pp. 51. ISBN 9781476752730.
  16. ^ Wester, Edward (2000). "Chapter 6: The Eighties: PDLs, Adobe, and John Warnock". Print unchained: fifty years of digital printing, 1950–2000 and beyond: A saga of invention and enterprise. West Dover, VT: DRA of Vermont. p. 162. ISBN 0970261705.
  17. ^ "Adobe Photoshop | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. June 19, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  18. ^ "Adobe Premiere 1.0 (Mac)". WinWorld. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  19. ^ "ADOBE SYSTEMS REVISES ALDUS ACQUISITION". New York Times. Bloomberg. July 15, 1994.
  20. ^ "Adobe Incorporated Company Profile". Google Finance.
  21. ^ "Adobe gets font technology. (Adobe Inc. acquires Ares Software Corp.)". June 3, 1996. Archived from the original on October 11, 2013. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
  22. ^ "What is a PDF? Portable Document Format | Adobe Acrobat DC". Adobe Systems Inc. Archived from the original on January 30, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  23. ^ Orion, Egan (December 5, 2007). "PDF 1.7 is approved as ISO 32000". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
  24. ^ Verespej, Michael A. (February 5, 1996). "Empire without emperors". Industry Week. 245 (3): 13–16 – via ProQuest.
  25. ^ "Adobe acquires Accelio. (Industry News)". July 1, 2002. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  26. ^ "United States SEC Form 10-Q, Adobe Systems, Inc., May 30, 2003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  27. ^ "Creative Suite" (press release). Adobe. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
  28. ^ "New Adobe Acrobat 8 Professional Enhances Adobe Creative Suite 2.3". Adobe Systems. September 18, 2006. Archived from the original on March 23, 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2014. Adobe Creative Suite 2.3 Premium also bundles Dreamweaver® 8
  29. ^ Graham, Jefferson (April 18, 2005). "Adobe buys Macromedia in $3.4B deal". USA Today. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
  30. ^ Martin LaMonica, CNET. "Now playing: Adobe Media Player 1.0." April 11, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  31. ^ Larson, Erik (June 1, 2008). "Welcome to Acrobat.com – Work. Together. Anywhere". Adobe. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  32. ^ "Adobe launches Creative Suite 4; Likely to top low expectations". ZDNet. CBS. September 23, 2008. Archived from the original on September 24, 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2008.
  33. ^ a b Carlson, Jeff (September 23, 2008). "Adobe Announces Vast Creative Suite 4". TidBITS. Archived from the original on September 28, 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2008.
  34. ^ "Adobe acquires Omniture Software". Adobe Systems.
  35. ^ "Firm for Analyzing Web Traffic Bought by Adobe for $1.8 Billion". New York Times. Associated Press. September 15, 2009. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  36. ^ "How To Gracefully Retire A Brand Name". SearchEngineLand.com. July 18, 2012.
  37. ^ Morrison, Scott (November 10, 2009). "Adobe Will Cut 680 Jobs to Reduce Costs". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  38. ^ "Apple vs. Adobe". networkworld.com. June 7, 2010. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
  39. ^ "Thoughts on Flash". Apple. Archived from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  40. ^ "Adobe Buys Day Software". July 28, 2010. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  41. ^ "Adobe CQ WEM". February 22, 2011. Archived from the original on January 10, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  42. ^ "Adobe CQ DAM". February 22, 2011. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  43. ^ "Adobe CQ Social Collaboration CQ SOCO". February 22, 2011. Archived from the original on December 31, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  44. ^ "Adobe CQ Mobile". February 22, 2011. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  45. ^ Leena Rao (January 18, 2011). "Adobe Buys Behavioral Data Management Platform DemDex". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  46. ^ John Nack on Adobe: Adobe Carousel renamed "Adobe Revel". Blogs.adobe.com (January 11, 2012). Retrieved on July 21, 2013.
  47. ^ "Adobe acquires Canadian makers of PhoneGap, Nitobi". IT World Canada. October 11, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  48. ^ Winokur, Danny (November 9, 2011). "Flash to Focus on PC Browsing and Mobile Apps; Adobe to More Aggressively Contribute to HTML5 (Adobe Featured Blogs)". Blogs.adobe.com. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
  49. ^ "Adobe Buys Efficient Frontier to Boost Its Online Advertising Capabilities". November 30, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
  50. ^ Lee, Jasen (December 6, 2012). "A look inside Adobe's new state-of-the-art Utah home". Deseret News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012.
  51. ^ "Adobe hack much worse than reported, hits 38 million passwords and Photoshop source code". The Verge. October 29, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  52. ^ "Over 150 million breached records from Adobe hack have surfaced online". The Verge. November 7, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  53. ^ Skimming Off the Top; Why America has such a high rate of payment-card fraud, February 15, 2014, The Economist
  54. ^ "Judge Grants Class-Action Status in Silicon Valley Hiring Suit". wsj.com. October 2, 2013. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  55. ^ "Adobe launches Creative Cloud subscription service". CNET. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  56. ^ "Adobe's new pricing plan: Ouch, users say". CNET. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  57. ^ Finley, Klint. "Unhappy Customers Want to Parachute From Adobe's Creative Cloud". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  58. ^ "Adobe's Piracy-Proof Software Already Pirated". NBC News. June 21, 2013. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  59. ^ Souppouris, Aaron (June 20, 2013). "Adobe's subscription-only Photoshop CC has already been pirated". The Verge. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  60. ^ McLean, Asha. "Adobe and Nvidia expand partnership for Sensei AI". ZDNet. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  61. ^ "Adobe Completes Acquisition of Magento Commerce". Adobe.com. June 19, 2018. Archived from the original on May 1, 2020.
  62. ^ "Adobe buys Magento for US$1.68b to target e-commerce". The Business Times. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
  63. ^ "Adobe gets its company, snaring Marketo for $4.75 billion". TechCrunch. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  64. ^ Lardinois, Frederick (January 2, 2019). "Adobe Acquires Allegorithmic Makers of the Substance Texture tools". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  65. ^ "NOTE 3. ACQUISITIONS". www.sec.gov. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  66. ^ Miller, Ron (November 9, 2020). "Adobe acquires marketing workflow startup Workfront for $1.5B". TechCrunch. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  67. ^ Nellis, Stephen (September 15, 2021). "Adobe jumps into e-commerce payments business in challenge to Shopify". Reuters. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  68. ^ "Adobe to Ban Political Ads on Its Online Ad-Sales Platform". The Wall Street Journal. July 31, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  69. ^ Grant, Nico; Baker, Liana; Roof, Katie (November 9, 2020). "Adobe to Buy Workfront for $1.5 Billion to Aid Collaboration". Bloomberg Technology. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  70. ^ "Adobe Completes Acquisition of Frame.io". October 7, 2021. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021.
  71. ^ "Adobe to Acquire Figma" (Press release). San Jose, California: Adobe. September 15, 2022. Archived from the original on September 15, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  72. ^ Ford, Brody (November 7, 2022). "Adobe Is Trying to Spend $20 Billion to Buy Back Its Swagger". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  73. ^ Weatherbed, Jess (December 18, 2023). "Adobe abandons $20 billion acquisition of Figma". The Verge. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  74. ^ Novet, Jordan (August 25, 2022). "Microsoft employees love Figma, and it's testing the company's cozy relationship with Adobe". CNBC.
  75. ^ "EU regulators to assess Adobe's $20bn acquisition of Figma". NS Business. February 16, 2023. Archived from the original on February 16, 2023. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  76. ^ "Adobe 10-Q for US SEC, September 2023". September 27, 2023.
  77. ^ Goswami, Hayden Field, Rohan (December 18, 2023). "Adobe and Figma call off $20 billion merger". CNBC. Retrieved December 18, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  78. ^ Seal, Dean (December 18, 2023). "Adobe, Figma Scrap $20 Billion Merger Deal". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  79. ^ "Adobe steered consumers to pricey services and made it hard to cancel, feds say - CBS News". CBS News. June 17, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  80. ^ Fried, Ina (June 18, 2024). "Adobe codifies pledge not to train AI on customer data". Axios. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  81. ^ "Adobe Systems Inc. - AnnualReports.com". www.annualreports.com. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
  82. ^ "Adobe Surpasses $11 Billion in Annual Revenue". news.adobe.com. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
  83. ^ "Adobe Reports Record Q4 and Fiscal 2021 Revenue, Outlines Strategy for Next Decade". Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  84. ^ Thiadmer Riemersma (July 2, 2012). "The Filmstrip file format". CompuPhase. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  85. ^ a b Struck, Amos (December 12, 2014). "Adobe Acquires Fotolia For USD 800M In Cash". Stock Photo Secrets. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  86. ^ "Adobe debuts new AI-powered features in Adobe Experience Platform". VentureBeat. March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  87. ^ "100 Best Companies to Work For". Archived from the original on May 8, 2021.
  88. ^ "2021 Best Places to Work". Archived from the original on June 5, 2016.
  89. ^ "Brands that matter". Archived from the original on October 26, 2021.
  90. ^ "Reasons for Selection, 2009 Canada's Top 100 Employers Competition".
  91. ^ "Who Has Your Back? Government Data Requests 2017". July 10, 2017.
  92. ^ "2022 Best Places to Work". Disability Equality Index.
  93. ^ "Adobe responds to CS4 pricing criticism". Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2008.
  94. ^ "Adobe defends CS4 pricing". Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
  95. ^ "Adobe responds to customer protests against perceived unfair pricing". May 7, 2007.
  96. ^ "UK will pay £1,000 more for Adobe CS3". ZDNet. March 3, 2007. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  97. ^ "10,000 sign Adobe CS3 European pricing petition". Photo.net. May 2, 2007. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  98. ^ "Adobe hikes UK prices by 10% | News". PC Pro. June 1, 2009. Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
  99. ^ Charles Arthur (June 3, 2009). "Adobe widens the price gap". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  100. ^ Gary Marshall (February 3, 2012). "The 10 most hated programs of all time: Terrible software that made everybody see red". TechRadar. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  101. ^ Pagliery, Jose (October 8, 2013). "Adobe has an espically abysmal security record – CNNMoney". Money.cnn.com. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  102. ^ Jeff James in Security Blog (August 1, 2011). "Adobe Fares Poorly in Kaspersky Lab Security Report". WindowsITPro. Archived from the original on July 3, 2014. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  103. ^ "Adobe Spying On Its Customers". Techdirt. December 2, 2007. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  104. ^ "John Nack on Adobe: Adobe ate me baby!!". Blogs.adobe.com. December 2, 2007. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  105. ^ Brewster, Thomas (May 1, 2012). "Adobe Backtracks On Patching 'PR Disaster'". TechWeekEurope. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  106. ^ Brenner, Bill (May 1, 2012). "That was stupid, Adobe | CSO Blogs". Blogs.csoonline.com. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  107. ^ "Adobe and Skype top my Foistware Hall of Shame". ZDNet. April 2, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  108. ^ "Adobe's latest critical security update pushes scareware". ZDNet. March 2, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  109. ^ "Adobe in source code and customer data security breach". BBC. October 4, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  110. ^ "Adobe accounts hacked, data exposed for 2.9 million customers – Digital Photography Review".
  111. ^ King, Rachel. "Adobe hacked, 3 million accounts compromised | Security & Privacy – CNET News".
  112. ^ "Adobe hack attack affected 38 million accounts | Security & Privacy – CNET News". News.cnet.com. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  113. ^ "Adobe security breach actually affected closer to 38 million users". ZDNet.
  114. ^ "Adobe Cyber Attack was a Lesson for Corporations - Kioskea.net". October 2, 2013. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  115. ^ Konrad, Alex. "After Security Breach Exposes 2.9 Million Adobe Users, How Safe Is Encrypted Credit Card Data?". Forbes. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  116. ^ Goodin, Dan (November 1, 2013). "How an epic blunder by Adobe could strengthen hand of password crackers | Ars Technica". Arstechnica.com. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  117. ^ Finkle, Jim (November 7, 2013). "Trove of Adobe user data found on Web after breach: security firm". Uk.reuters.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  118. ^ "Adobe confirms stolen passwords were encrypted, not hashed – CSO Online". November 4, 2013. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
  119. ^ Published on (November 5, 2013). "Adobe data breach far worse than first claimed". bit-tech.net. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  120. ^ Smith, Matt (November 5, 2013). "Adobe 'should hang their heads in shame' following cyber attack". Business Technology. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  121. ^ "Adobe hack shows subscription software vendors lucrative targets | Computerworld". October 7, 2013. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  122. ^ "Massive Adobe Security Breach: Change Your Passwords Now | Lifehacker Australia". October 4, 2013.
  123. ^ "Adobe Treating Australians As Lesser Beings Even After Details Of 2.9 Million Accounts Were Stolen | Gizmodo Australia". October 4, 2013.
  124. ^ "Adobe says breach notification taking longer than anticipated". November 25, 2013. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016.
  125. ^ "Adobe fesses up to hack but fudges on details | Application security – InfoWorld". October 4, 2013.
  126. ^ "BBC Adobe Hacked: Cyber-Thieves Accessed Credit Card Information Of Nearly 3 Million Customers". Huffington Post. October 4, 2013. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013.
  127. ^ Kocieniewski, David (October 3, 2013). "Adobe Announces Security Breach | The New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022.
  128. ^ "Ruh-roh: Adobe breach is just the beginning, researcher says". Gigaom.com. October 7, 2013. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  129. ^ "BBC News – Adobe hack: At least 38 million accounts breached". Bbc.co.uk. October 3, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  130. ^ "Why the Adobe Hack Scares Me – And Why It Should Scare You | Adam Levin". Huffingtonpost.com. November 1, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  131. ^ "Adobe source code breach – is it a gateway for new malware and exploits?". Naked Security. October 5, 2013.
  132. ^ "Adobe's source code was parked on hackers' unprotected server | PCWorld". October 11, 2013.
  133. ^ "Breach at PR Newswire linked to Adobe exploit". nakedsecurity.sophos.com. October 18, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  134. ^ "Hackers breached Washington state court with Adobe ColdFusion flaw". ZDNet.
  135. ^ a b c d e f g h Rivoli, Dan (May 3, 2011). "Adobe Hit With Class Action Over FreeHand App". Law360.
  136. ^ a b c d e f Snol, Lexton (May 5, 2010). "Adobe accused of software monopoly (not by Apple)". Tech World.
  137. ^ a b "Adobe sued by FreeHand user group". Computerworld UK. May 1, 2011.
  138. ^ a b Nelson, Jay (May 3, 2011). "Adobe Sued for Killing FreeHand". Planet Quark. Archived from the original on April 25, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  139. ^ a b "FreeHand users sue Adobe for 'killing' the application". Macworld. May 1, 2011.
  140. ^ "Re: Folder does not appear to point to site". November 15, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  141. ^ Sulleyman, Aatif (April 13, 2021). "$291 Adobe Cancelation Fee Sees Twitter Users Argue it's 'Morally Correct' to Pirate Software". Newsweek. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  142. ^ Gedeon, Kimberly (April 14, 2021). "Adobe cancellation fee sparks Twitter rage — how to get yours waived". LaptopMag. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  143. ^ Brooks, Khristopher J. (June 17, 2024). "Adobe steered consumers to pricey services and made it hard to cancel, feds say". CBS MoneyWatch.
  144. ^ McCabe, David (June 17, 2024). "U.S. Sues Adobe Over Hard-to-Cancel Subscriptions". The New York Times.
  145. ^ Stempel, Jonathan (June 17, 2024). "US sues Photoshop maker Adobe for hiding fees, making it difficult to cancel". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 19, 2024. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  146. ^ Nover, Scott (June 7, 2024). "Adobe Swears It's Not Training Its A.I. on Your Photoshops". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
  147. ^ Weatherbed, Jess (June 7, 2024). "Adobe's TOS "update" isn't the problem — it's trust". The Verge. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
  148. ^ Team, Adobe Communications. "A clarification on Adobe Terms of Use | Adobe Blog". blog.adobe.com. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adobe Inc..

37°19′51″N 121°53′38″W / 37.3307°N 121.8940°W / 37.3307; -121.8940

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Inc.&oldid=1258598413"