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IND World's Fair Line

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IND World's Fair Line
Overview
StatusClosed; demolished
LocaleQueens, New York City, New York
Termini
Stations1
Service
TypeRapid Transit
SystemNew York City Subway
Independent Subway System
ServicesIND Queens Boulevard Line
Depot(s)Jamaica Yard
Rolling stockR1-9[1]
History
OpenedApril 22, 1939 (1939-04-22)
ClosedOctober 28, 1940 (1940-10-28)
Technical
Line length8,400 feet (2,600 m)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The IND World's Fair Line, officially the World's Fair Railroad,[2] was a branch of the Independent Subway System (IND) serving the 1939 New York World's Fair in Queens, New York City. It split from the IND Queens Boulevard Line at an existing flying junction east of Forest Hills – 71st Avenue station, ran through the Jamaica Yard and then ran northeast and north through Flushing Meadows–Corona Park (roughly where the Van Wyck Expressway, I-678, is now) on a wooden trestle to the World's Fair Railroad station, a bit south of Horace Harding Boulevard (now the Long Island Expressway (I-495)). The World's Fair Railroad and station are the only IND line and station to have been closed and demolished.[3][4][1] Remnants of the line are still present in the Jamaica Yard.

History

The Jamaica Yard, which connected the World's Fair and Queens Boulevard Lines.

In December 1936, a request was sent to the Board of Estimate by the Board of Transportation and the Transit Commission in order to have adequate rapid transit facilities to handle World's Fair crowds in 1939. An extension of the IND's subway system to the World's Fair was part of this plan, facilitated by the extension of the Queens Boulevard Line to Union Turnpike and the nearby Jamaica storage yard which opened at the end of the month. It would cost about $1.2 million, with $700K of it for its construction and $500K for its equipment.[5][6][7] The contract for the IND World's Fair Line was awarded on October 26, 1937 by the Board of Transportation to the P. T. Cox Contracting Company for a bid of $308,770.[8] The World's Fair extension was opposed by Park's Commissioner Robert Moses, who oversaw the World's Fair.[9]

In its planning stages in 1937, it was discussed by the City Board of Estimate to make the line a permanent connection to Flushing Meadows Park following the end of the fair, with the possibility of intermediate stations along the line to serve the local area (today's Kew Gardens Hills and Flushing). The upgrades to make the line permanent would have cost around $6 million. However, it was determined to be impractical due to the absence of permanent attractions in the park (Citi Field, USTA) that are present today.[10][11]

In early 1938, construction on the IND World's Fair Line began. It originated at the Queens Boulevard portal of Jamaica Yard, using the western yard leads from 71st−Continental Avenues. The line ran along the eastern edge of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park for 8,400 feet to approximately what is now the interchange of the Long Island Expressway and the Van Wyck Expressway. The line consisted of two tracks ending in a stub-end terminal called World's Fair Station. It was built on a pine wooden trestle across the marshy swampland, which was then filled in. The line was designed to be removed following the fair in 1940.[5][6][8][10][11][12]

Test trains on the IND World's Fair Line were run beginning on April 22, 1939, and it opened on April 30, 1939. The GG mostly serviced the line between Smith–Ninth Streets and the World's Fair Station, with E express service between World's Fair Station and Hudson Terminal during the PM rush hour and evening. Service generally ran until 1:00am.[13][14][15]

The 1939 World's Fair had two seasons: one each in 1939 and 1940, which ended in the fall months of the year. The IND World's Fair Line was closed between seasons, and at the end of the Fair the line was set to be demolished. The last train ran on October 28, 1940, three days before the closure of the Fair. While most of the fairgrounds were torn down soon after the event, the line remained intact for several months afterward. Queens borough president George U. Harvey proposed extending the line to serve the then-developing neighborhoods of Flushing, College Point, and Whitestone, along with the recently opened Queens College. This plan was supported by the local communities, elected officials in Queens, and the president of Queens College. It was deemed to be unfeasible, however, by the Board of Transportation due to the fact that the trestle was constructed to be temporary, and due to regulations at the time which required permanent lines for subway service to be built underground. Parks and highway commissioner Robert Moses, meanwhile, wished to utilize the right-of-way for the further development of Flushing Meadows Park and the extension of the Van Wyck Expressway towards the Whitestone Expressway and the Whitestone Bridge. Demolition of the line was authorized in December of 1940, and on January 15, 1941, removal of the line commenced. The right-of-way was replaced with an extension of 136th Street, and eventually the northern portion of the Van Wyck Expressway which formed today's Interstate 678.[3][8][16][17][18] Today, the seven grade time signals installed for the line in the Jamaica Yard leads, used to control revenue traffic, are now used instead to control yard traffic.[3]

In 1960, one possibility for transit access to the 1964 World's Fair was an extension of the IND Queens Boulevard Line to the fair grounds. Robert Moses, who was going to take over as president of the World's Fair on May 15, 1960, rejected the proposal once he found out that the line would have cost $10,000,000.[19]

Station

 World's Fair
 
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
Station statistics
BoroughQueens
LocaleFlushing Meadows
Division[20]
LineIND Queens Boulevard/World's Fair Line
ServicesNone (demolished)
StructureAt-grade
Tracks2
Other information
OpenedApril 22, 1939 (1939-04-22)[4]
ClosedOctober 28, 1940 (1940-10-28)[4]
Opposite-
direction
transfer		Yes
Former/other namesHorace Harding Boulevard[13]
Traffic
2023[21]
Rank out of 423[21]
Station succession
Next northTemplate:NYCS next
Next southTemplate:NYCS next
Station service legend
Symbol Description
Stops all times Stops in station at all times
Stops all times except late nights Stops all times except late nights
Stops late nights only Stops late nights only
Stops late nights and weekends Stops late nights and weekends only
Stops weekdays during the day Stops weekdays during the day
Stops weekends during the day Stops weekends during the day
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction
Stops all times except weekdays in the peak direction Stops all times except weekdays in the peak direction
Stops daily except rush hours in the peak direction Stops all times except nights and rush hours in the peak direction
Stops rush hours only Stops rush hours only
Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Station closed Station is closed
(Details about time periods)

World's Fair was the line's railroad southern (but geographically northern) terminus and its sole station, located in the Amusement Area of the World's Fair.[5][6][8][16] The station was a temporary[11][12] stub-end terminal with two tracks and three platforms, organized in what was essentially a Spanish solution. A third layup track was built south of the station.[3] It was alternately named Horace Harding Boulevard, after the avenue where it was located.[13] The station was open for just nineteen months, from April 22, 1939, to October 28, 1940.[4][1]

To enter the station, an additional 5-cent fare was charged on top of the standard nickel fare. Special turnstiles were used at the World's Fair station that permitted traffic flow in both directions and accepted two different fares depending on the direction of travel. Fairgoers disembarking from trains paid a nickel as they exited through the turnstiles while passengers entering the station from the fairgrounds paid a ten-cent fare upon passing through the turnstiles.[1][14] The stations on the IND Rockaway Line, opened in 1956, would later employ this fare system until 1975.[22]

Competing IRT and BMT service

The Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) also served the World's Fair, but did so directly with World's Fair (now Mets – Willets Point) station on the dual-operated Flushing Line (which was rebuilt into an express station for the Fair). A Long Island Rail Road station (now Mets – Willets Point) was built next to the Flushing Line station.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Marzlock, Ron (October 25, 2007). "IND Subway Line To 1939 World's Fair". qchron.com. Queens Chronicle. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  2. ^ "WORLD'S FAIR SPUR MAY CHARGE DIME; Independent Subway Link to Have Turnstiles With 2-Way Coin Mechanism PAY TO GET OUT REQUIRED City Authorization Lacking for Plan, Devised to Avoid Deficit in Operation Spur Held Separate Line Road to Cost $2,000,000". nytimes.com. The New York Times. August 27, 1938. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e IND World's Fair Railroad
  4. ^ a b c d The World's Fair Railroad
  5. ^ a b c "EXPANDED TRANSIT FOR FAIR IS ASKED; State and City Boards Join in Plea for Appropriation of $1,850,000". nytimes.com. The New York Times. December 24, 1936. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  6. ^ a b c "TEST TRAINS RUNNING IN QUEENS SUBWAY: Switch and Signal Equipment of New Independent Line Is Being Checked". nytimes.com. The New York Times. December 20, 1936. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  7. ^ "Plans to be Drawn for 6th Av. Subway". nytimes.com. The New York Times. April 1, 1935. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d "TO BUILD FAIR SUBWAY P. T. Cox Co. Wins Award for Extending Independent System The first contract for the World's Fair spur from the Queens Boulevard line of the Independent Subway System was awarded yesterday by the Board of Transportation to the lowest bidder, the P. T. Cox Contracting Company, at the bid price of $308,770". nytimes.com. The New York Times. October 27, 1937. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  9. ^ "MAYOR ASKS DATA ON SUBWAY TO FAIR: Calls Hearing on Proposal for Independent Line Spur in Spite of Moses's Criticism". nytimes.com. The New York Times. February 6, 1937. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  10. ^ a b "Fair Subway Cost Set at $1,700,000". nytimes.com. The New York Times. July 22, 1937.
  11. ^ a b c "BOARD GETS REPORT ON FAIR SUBWAY SPUR; Estimated Cost Is $1,742,000 for Construction, Operation and Removal in 1940". nytimes.com. The New York Times. July 3, 1937. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  12. ^ a b "CITY SUBWAY SPUR TO THE FAIR URGED: Delaney and Fullen Jointly Propose Extension From Queens Boulevard. COST PUT AT $1,200,000 Enlargement of Willets Point 1. R. T.-B. M. T. Station Also Is Recommended. Expenses Are Estimated Two Tracks Are Provided". nytimes.com. The New York Times. January 15, 1937. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  13. ^ a b c "HOW TO GET TO THE FAIR GROUNDS; BY SUBWAY". nytimes.com. The New York Times. April 30, 1939. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  14. ^ a b "CITY SUBWAY RIDE TO FAIR TO COST 10C Board Holds Dime Charge Is Necessary to Pay for Branch Line to the Grounds". nytimes.com. The New York Times. February 18, 1939. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  15. ^ "NEW SUBWAY SPUR IS READY TO OPEN: First Train to Start Four Minutes Before the Fair Officially Begins". nytimes.com. The New York Times. April 17, 1939. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  16. ^ a b "CITY LINE TO FAIR CARRIED 7,066,948; 2-Mile Spur Had Only 54% of Passengers Expected From Attendance Estimates". nytimes.com. The New York Times. November 3, 1939. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  17. ^ Joseph B. Raskin (1 November 2013). The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-5369-2. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  18. ^ "END OF SUBWAY SPUR TO FAIR NOW URGED: Transportation Board Asks the Right to Demolish It". nytimes.com. The New York Times. November 26, 1940. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  19. ^ "64 FAIR PLANS SET BY TRANSIT BOARD; Authority Seeks 10 Million for 80 More Cars -- Will Improve IRT Station IND EXTENSION VETOED Moses Against Expense of Building New Spur -- Some '39 Structures Remain". New York Times. April 27, 1960. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  20. ^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  21. ^ a b "Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  22. ^ Freeman, Ira Henry (June 28, 1956). "Rockaway Trains to Operate Today". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
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