List of natural disasters by death toll

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A natural disaster is a sudden event that causes widespread destruction, lots of collateral damage or loss of life, brought about by forces other than the acts of human beings. A natural disaster might be caused by earthquakes, flooding, volcanic eruption, landslide, hurricanes etc. In order to be classified as a disaster it will have profound environmental effect and/or human loss and frequently incurs financial loss.

Contents

Ten deadliest natural disasters [edit]

Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1 700710000000000000010,000,000[1] 1770 Bengal Famine Bengal, India 1770
2 7005150000000000000150,000–4,000,000*[2] 1931 China floods China July, November, 1931
3 7005900000000000000900,000–2,000,000[3] 1887 Yellow River flood China September, October, 1887
4 7005830000000000000830,000[4] 1556 Shaanxi earthquake Shaanxi Province, China January 23, 1556
5 7005242419000000000242,419–779,000 1976 Tangshan earthquake China 01976-07-01July 1976
6 500,000–700,000 1938 Yellow River (Huang He) flood China 1938
7 7005500000000000000500,000[2] 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 01970-11-13November 13, 1970
8 7005316000000000000316,000[5] 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti 02010-01-12January 12, 2010
9 7005230273000000000230,273–310,000 2004 Indian ocean earthquake Sumatra 02004-12-01December 2004
10 7005300000000000000300,000[6] 1839 India Cyclone India November 25, 1839
10 300,000[7] 1737 Calcutta cyclone India 01737-10-07October 7, 1737

* Estimate by Nova's sources are close to 4 million and yet Encarta's sources report as few as 1 million. Expert estimates report wide variance.

An alternative listing is given by Hough in his 2008 book Global Security.[8]

Ten deadliest natural disasters since 1900 [edit]

Rank Maximum death toll Event* Location Date
1. 7005150000000000000150,000–4,000,000 1931 China floods China 01931-11-01November 1931
2. 7005242419000000000242,419–779,000 1976 Tangshan earthquake China 01976-07-01July 1976
3. 7005500000000000000500,000–700,000 1938 Yellow River (Huang He) flood China 01938-06-01June 1938
4. 7005500000000000000500,000 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 01970-11-01November 1970
5. 7005316000000000000316,000 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti 02010-01-12January 12, 2010
6. 7005234117000000000234,117 1920 Haiyuan earthquake China 01920-12-01December 1920
7. 7005230273000000000230,273–310,000 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Indonesia 02004-12-2626th December 2004
8. 700426000000000000026,000–229,000 Typhoon Nina—contributed to Banqiao Dam failure China 01975-08-07August 7, 1975
9. 7005145000000000000145,000 1935 Yangtze river flood China 01935-01-011935
10. 7005142000000000000142,000 1923 Great Kanto earthquake Japan 01923-09-01September 1923

* Does not include industrial or technological accidents or epidemics.

Lists of natural disasters by cause [edit]

Ten Deadliest avalanches [edit]

Main articles: Avalanches and List of avalanches
Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. 700420000000000000020,000 1970 Huascarán avalanche; triggered by the 1970 Ancash earthquake[9] Peru 01970-01-011970
2. 70034000000000000004,000 1962 Huascarán avalanche[9] Peru 01962-01-011962
3. 7002265000000000000265 Winter of Terror Austria-Switzerland 01951-01-011951
4. 7002172000000000000172 2010 Salang avalanches Afghanistan 02010-01-012010
5. 7002125000000000000125 Kolka-Karmadon rock ice slide Russia 02002-01-012002
6. 7002102000000000000102 2010 Kohistan avalanche Pakistan 02010-01-012010
7. 700196000000000000096 Wellington, Washington avalanche United States 01910-01-011910
8. 700190000000000000090 Frank Slide Canada 01903-01-011903
9. 700162000000000000062 1910 Rogers Pass avalanche Canada 01910-01-011910
10. 700159000000000000059 1993 Bayburt Üzengili avalanche Turkey 01993-01-011993

Ten deadliest blizzards [edit]

Main article: Blizzard
Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. 70034000000000000004,000 1972 Iran blizzard Iran 01972-01-011972
2. 70033000000000000003,000 Carolean Death March Sweden 01719-01-011719
3. 7002926000000000000926 2008 Afghanistan blizzard Afghanistan 02008-01-012008
4. 7002400000000000000400 Great Blizzard of 1888 United States 01888-01-011888
5. 7002318000000000000318 1993 North American Storm Complex United States 01993-01-011993
6. 7002235000000000000235 Schoolhouse Blizzard United States 01888-01-011888
7. 7002199000000000000199 Hakko-da Mountains incident Japan 01902-01-011902
8. 7002154000000000000154 North American blizzard of 1996 United States 01996-01-011996
9. 7002144000000000000144 Armistice Day Blizzard United States 01940-01-011940
10. 7002133000000000000133 2008 Chinese winter storms China 02008-01-012008

Deadliest epidemics [edit]

See also: List of epidemics

Death counts are historical totals unless indicated otherwise.

Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. 7008300000000000000300,000,000 approx. Smallpox Worldwide 01900-01-011900 to eradication.[10] Declared eradicated May 8, 1980.[11]
2. 7008200000000000000200,000,000 ? Measles Worldwide last 150 years[12]
3. 7008100000000000000100,000,000 approx. Black Death Worldwide 01300-01-011300s–1720s
4. 700780000000000000080,000,000–7008250000000000000250,000,000 Malaria Worldwide 20th century – present
5. 700750000000000000050,000,000–7008100000000000000100,000,000 Spanish Flu Worldwide 01918-01-011918–1920
6. 700740000000000000040,000,000–7008100000000000000100,000,000 Plague of Justinian Asia, Europe, Africa 00540-01-01540–590
7. 700740000000000000040,000,000–7008100000000000000100,000,000 Tuberculosis Worldwide 20th century – present[12]
8. 700730000000000000030,000,000[13] AIDS pandemic Worldwide 01981-01-011981–present
9. 700712000000000000012,000,000 ? Third Pandemic of Bubonic Plague Worldwide 01850-01-011850s–1950s
10. 70065000000000000005,000,000 Antonine Plague Roman Empire 00165-01-01165–180
11. 70064000000000000004,000,000 Asian Flu Worldwide 01956-01-011956–1958
12. 7005250000000000000250,000 or more annually Seasonal influenza Worldwide As of April 2009[14]

Ten Deadliest cyclones / hurricanes/ typhoons [edit]

Main article: Tropical cyclone
verf Death toll Event Location Date
1. 500,000 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 01970-11-13November 13, 1970
2. 7005300000000000000300,000[15] 1839 India Cyclone India November 25, 1839
2. 300,000[16] 1737 Calcutta cyclone India 01737-10-07October 7, 1737
4. 229,000 Super Typhoon Nina—contributed to Banqiao Dam failure China 01975-08-07August 7, 1975
5. 200,000[17] Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 present day Bangladesh 01876-10-30October 30, 1876
6. 138,866 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Bangladesh 01991-04-29April 29, 1991
7. 138,366 Cyclone Nargis Myanmar 02008-05-02May 2, 2008
8. 100,000 1882 Bombay cyclone Bombay, India 01882-01-011882
9. 60,000 1922 Swatow Typhoon China 01922-08-01August 1, 1922
10. 60,000 1864 Calcutta Cyclone India 01864-10-05October 5, 1864

55 Deadliest earthquakes [edit]

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 7005830000000000000830,000 1556 Shaanxi earthquake China 01556-01-23January 23, 1556
2. 7005316000000000000316,000[18] 2010 Haiti earthquake Port-au-Prince, Haiti 02010-01-12January 12, 2010
3. 7005273400000000000273,400[19] 1920 Haiyuan earthquake China 01920-12-16December 16, 1920
4. 7005260000000000000260,000[20] 115 Antioch earthquake Turkey & Syria 00115-12-13December 13, 115
5. 7005250000000000000250,000–300,000[21] 526 Antioch earthquake Turkey & Syria 00526-05-01May 526
6. 7005242769000000000242,769–779,000[22][23][24] 1976 Tangshan earthquake China 01976-07-28July 28, 1976
7. 7005230273000000000230,273–310,000 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake Indonesia 02004-12-26December 26, 2004
8. 7005230000000000000230,000 1138 Aleppo earthquake Syria 01138-10-11October 11, 1138
9. 7005200000000000000200,000–475,800[25][26] 1303 Hongdong earthquake China 01303-09-17September 17, 1303
10. 7005200000000000000200,000 856 Damghan earthquake Iran 00856-12-22December 22, 856
10. 7005200000000000000200,000[27] 1780 Tabriz earthquake Iran 01780-01-08January 8, 1780
12. 7005170000000000000170,000[28] 896 Udaipur earthquake India 00896-01-01896
13. 7005150000000000000150,000 893 Ardabil earthquake Iran 00893-03-23March 23, 893
14. 7005142807000000000142,807[29][30] 1923 Great Kanto earthquake Japan 01923-09-01September 1, 1923
15. 7005130000000000000130,000[31] 533 Aleppo earthquake Syria 00533-11-29November 29, 533
16. 7005123000000000000123,000[2] 1908 Messina earthquake Italy 01908-12-28December 28, 1908
17. 7005110000000000000110,000 1948 Ashgabat earthquake Turkmen SSR, Soviet Union (now Turkmenistan) 01948-10-05October 5, 1948
18. 7005100000000000000100,000 1290 Chihli earthquake China 01290-09-27September 27, 1290
18. 7005100000000000000100,000 1755 Lisbon earthquake Portugal 01755-11-01November 1, 1755
18. 7005100000000000000100,000 1970 Ancash earthquake Peru 01970-05-31May 31, 1970
18. 7005100000000000000100,000[32] 2005 Kashmir earthquake Pakistan (Azad Kashmir) 02005-10-08October 8, 2005
22. 700487587000000000087,587[33][34] 2008 Sichuan earthquake China 02008-05-12May 12, 2008
23. 700480000000000000080,000–250,000[35] 1721 Tabriz earthquake Iran 01721-04-26April 26, 1721
23. 700480000000000000080,000[36] 458 Antioch earthquake Turkey & Syria 00458-09-01September 458
23. 700480000000000000080,000 1667 Shamakhi earthquake Azerbaijan 01667-11-01November 1667
23. 700480000000000000080,000 1854 Great Nankaidō earthquake Japan 01854-11-01November 1854
23. 700480000000000000080,000[37] 1169 Aleppo earthquake Syria 01169-01-011169
28. 700477000000000000077,000 1727 Tabriz earthquake Iran 01727-11-18November 18, 1727
29. 700473000000000000073,000[38] 1718 Gansu earthquake China 01718-06-19June 19, 1718
30. 700470000000000000070,000[39] 1033 Ramala earthquake Palestine 01033-12-10December 10, 1033
30. 700470000000000000070,000[40] 847 Damascus earthquake Syria 00847-01-01847
30. 700470000000000000070,000[41] 1868 Ecuador earthquakes Ecuador 01868-08-15August 15, 1868 and August 16, 1868
33. 700460000000000000060,000[42] 587 Antioch earthquake Turkey & Syria 00587-09-30September 30, 587
33. 700460000000000000060,000[43] 1101 Iran earthquake Iran 01101-01-011101
33. 700460000000000000060,000 1268 Cilicia earthquake Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (now Turkey) 01268-01-011268
33. 700460000000000000060,000 1693 Sicily earthquake Italy 01693-01-11January 11, 1693
33. 700460000000000000060,000 1935 Balochistan earthquake British India (now part of Pakistan) 01935-05-31May 31, 1935
38. 700450000000000000050,000[44] 844 Damascus earthquake Syria 00844-09-18September 18, 844
38. 700450000000000000050,000[45] 1042 Tabriz earthquake Iran 01042-11-04November 4, 1042
38. 700450000000000000050,000 1783 Calabrian earthquakes Italy 01783-01-011783
38. 700450000000000000050,000 1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake Iran 01990-06-21June 21, 1990
42. 700445000000000000045,000[46] 850 Iran earthquake Iran 00850-07-15July 15, 850
42. 700445000000000000045,000[47] 856 Corinth earthquake Greece 00856-12-01December 856
42. 700445000000000000045,000[48] 856 Tunisia earthquake Tunisia 00856-12-03December 3, 856
45. 700442571000000000042,571[49] 1668 Shandong earthquake China 01668-07-25July 25, 1668
46. 700440900000000000040,900 1927 Gulang earthquake Gansu, China 01927-01-011927
47. 700440000000000000040,000[50] 342 Antioch earthquake Syria 00342-01-01342
47. 700440000000000000040,000[51] 662 Damghan earthquake Iran 00662-04-26April 26, 662
47. 700440000000000000040,000[52] 1455 Naples earthquake Italy 01455-12-05December 5, 1455
47. 700440000000000000040,000[53] 1754 Cairo earthquake Egypt 01754-09-02September 2, 1754
47. 700440000000000000040,000[54] 1755 Tabriz earthquake Iran 01755-06-07June 7, 1755
47. 700440000000000000040,000 1797 Riobamba earthquake Ecuador 01797-01-011797
53. 700432700000000000032,700[55] 1939 Erzincan earthquake Turkey 01939-01-011939
54. 700432000000000000032,000[56] 1458 Erzincan Erzurum earthquake Turkey 01458-01-011458
55. 700425000000000000025,000–50,000[57] 1988 Spitak earthquake Armenian SSR, Soviet Union (now Armenia) 01988-01-011988

20 deadliest famines [edit]

Main articles: Famine, List of famines, and List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll#Famine
 The following text needs to be harmonized with text in List of famines.

Note: Some of these famines may be caused or partially caused by humans.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 15,000,000–43,000,000 Great Chinese Famine China 01958-01-011958–1961
2. 24,000,000 Chinese Famine of 1907 China 01907-01-011907
3. 19,000,000 Indian Famine British India 01896-01-011896–1902
4. 15,000,000 Bengal famine of 1770, incl. Bihar & Orissa India 01769-01-011769–1771
5. 13,000,000[58] Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879 China 01876-01-011876–1879
6. 10,000,000 Indian Great Famine of 1876–78 India 01876-01-011876–1879
7. 7,500,000 Great European Famine Europe (all) 01315-01-011315–1317
8. 7,000,000-10,000,000 Soviet famine of 1932–1933 (Holodomor in Ukraine) Soviet Union 01932-01-011932–1934
9. 5,000,000 Chinese Famine of 1936 China 01936-01-011936
10. 5,000,000 Russian famine of 1921 Russia, Ukraine 01921-01-011921–1922
11. 3,000,000 Chinese Drought 1941 China 01941-01-011941
12. 3,000,000 Chinese famine of 1928–1930 China 01928-01-011928–1930
13. 2,000,000 Russian famine of 1601–1603 Russia (Muscovy) 01601-01-011601–1603
14. 2,000,000 Vietnamese Famine of 1945 Vietnam 01943-01-011943–1945
15. 2,000,000 Deccan Famine of 1630–32 India 01630-01-011630–1632
16. 1,500,000–4,000,000 Bengal Famine of 1943 India 01943-01-011943
17. 1,200,000-3,500,000 North Korean famine North Korea 01996-01-011996–1998
18. 1,000,000–1,500,000 Great Irish Famine Ireland 01846-01-011846–1849
19. 1,000,000 1984–1985 famine in Ethiopia Ethiopia 01984-01-011984
20. 1,000,000 Horn of Africa famine Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia 01888-01-011888

Ten deadliest floods / landslides [edit]

Main articles: Flood, List of floods, List of deadliest floods, and List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll#Floods and landslides
Main articles: Landslide and List of landslides

Note: Some of these floods and landslides may be partially caused by humans, for example, the dams, levees, seawalls and retaining walls failure.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 2,500,000–3,700,000[59] 1931 China floods China 1931
2. 900,000–2,000,000 1887 Yellow River (Huang He) flood China 1887
3. 500,000–700,000 1938 Yellow River (Huang He) flood China 1938
4. 26,000[60]–230,000[61] Failure of 62 dams, the largest of which was Banqiao Dam, result of Typhoon Nina. China 1975
5. 145,000 1935 Yangtze river flood China 1935
6. more than 100,000 St. Felix's Flood, storm surge Netherlands 1530
7. 100,000 Hanoi and Red River Delta flood North Vietnam 1971
8. 100,000 1911 Yangtze river flood China 1911
9. 50,000–80,000 St. Lucia's flood, storm surge Netherlands 1287
10. 2,400 North Sea flood, storm surge Scotland, Netherlands, England, Belgium 01953-01-31January 31, 1953

Deadliest heat waves [edit]

Globe icon.
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Main article: Heat wave
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 70,000 2003 European heat wave Europe 2003
2. 56,000 2010 Russian heat wave Russia 2010
3. 5,000–10,000 1988 United States heat wave United States 1988
4. 1,700-5,000 1980 United States heat wave United States 1980
5. 1,718 2010 Japanese heat wave Japan 2010 [62]
6. 1,500 2003 Southern India heat wave India 2003 [63]
7. 946 1955 Los Angeles heat wave United States 1955
8. 891 1972 New York City heat wave United States 1972
9. 739 1995 Chicago heat wave United States 1995 [64]
10. 475 1900 Argentina heat wave Argentina 1900

Deadliest lightning strikes [edit]

Main article: Lightning
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 4,000 Palace of the Grand Master Explosion, Rhodes Greece 1856[65]
2. 3,000 Church of San Nazaro Explosion, Brescia Italy 1769

Deadliest limnic eruptions [edit]

Main article: Limnic eruption
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,744 Lake Nyos Cameroon 1986
2. 37 Lake Monoun Cameroon 1984

10 deadliest storms (non-cyclone) [edit]

Main article: Storm
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 15,100 Torrential rains and mudslides Venezuela 1999
2. 1,000 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides Brazil 2011
3. 500 Lofoten, Heavy storm Norway 1849
4. 250 Great Lakes Storm of 1913 United States and Canada (Great Lakes region) 1913
5. 242 1996 Amarnath Yatra tragedy India 1996
6. 210 Trøndelag, storm ("Follastormen") Norway 1625
7. 189 Eyemouth, Scotland, storm ("Black Friday") United Kingdom 1881
8. 140 Trøndelag, storm ("Titran disaster") Norway 1899
9. 128 2008 Santa Catarina floods and mudslides Brazil 2008
10. 96 Lofoten, storm Norway 1868

10 deadliest tornadoes [edit]

Main article: Tornado
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,300 The Daulatpur-Salturia Tornado Manikganj, Bangladesh April 26, 1989
2. 923 1969 East Pakistan Tornado East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 1969
3. 695 The Tri-State Tornado United States (Missouri–Illinois–Indiana) 01925-03-18March 18, 1925
4. 681 1973 Dhaka Tornado Bangladesh 1973
5. 600 The Valletta, Malta Tornado Malta 1551
6. 500 The Sicily Tornadoes Sicily, Two Sicilies (now Italy) 1851
6. 500 The Narail-Magura Tornadoes Jessore, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 1964
6. 500 The Comoro Tornado Comoro 1951
9. 440 The Tangail Tornado Bangladesh 1988
10. 400 The Ivanovo-Yaroslavl, Russia, Tornado Soviet Union (now Russia) 1984

10 deadliest tsunami [edit]

See also: List of historic tsunamis
Rank
 Death toll
 Event Location Date
1. 7005230273000000000230,273–310,000 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami Indonesia 02004-12-26December 26, 2004
2. 7005123000000000000123,000–200,000[2] 1908 Messina earthquake Italy 01908-12-28December 28, 1908
3. 7005100000000000000100,000 1755 Lisbon earthquake Portugal 01755-11-01November 1, 1755
4. 700440000000000000040,000 (est.) Minoan Eruption Greece 00001-01-0112nd Millenium BCE
5. 700436417000000000036,417–120,000 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Indonesia 01883-08-26August 26, 1883
6. 700431000000000000031,000 1498 Meiō Nankaidō earthquake Japan 01498-09-20September 20, 1498
7. 700430000000000000030,000 1707 Hōei earthquake Japan 01707-10-28October 28, 1707
8. 700427122000000000027,122[66] 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake Japan 01896-06-15June 15, 1896
9. 700425674000000000025,674 1868 Arica earthquake Chile 01868-08-13August 13, 1868
10. 700423024000000000023,024 1293 Kamakura earthquake Japan 01293-05-27May 27, 1293

10 deadliest volcanic eruptions [edit]

Main article: List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
See also: List of volcanic eruption deaths
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 92,000 Mount Tambora (see also Year Without a Summer) Indonesia 01815-04-10April 10, 1815
2. 36,000 Krakatoa Indonesia August 26–27, 1883
3. 33,000 Mount Vesuvius Pompeii and Herculaneum, Italy August 24, 79 A.D.
4. 29,000 Mount Pelée Martinique May 7 or May 8, 1902
5. 23,000 Nevado del Ruiz (Armero tragedy) Colombia 01985-11-13November 13, 1985
6. 15,000 Mount Unzen Japan 01792-01-011792
7. 10,000 Mount Kelud Indonesia 01586-01-011586
8. 9,350 Laki. Killed about 25% of the population Iceland 01783-06-08June 8, 1783
9. 6,000 Santa Maria Guatemala 01902-01-011902
10. 5,115 Mount Kelut Indonesia 01919-05-19May 19, 1919

10 Deadliest wildfires / bushfires [edit]

Main articles: Wildfire and Bushfire
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,200–2,500 Peshtigo Fire, Wisconsin United States 01871-10-08October 8, 1871
2. 1,200 Kursha-2 Fire Soviet Union 01936-08-03August 3, 1936
3. 453 Cloquet Fire, Minnesota United States 01918-10-12October 12, 1918
4. 418 Great Hinckley Fire, Minnesota United States 01894-09-01September 1, 1894
5. 282 Thumb Fire, Michigan United States 01881-09-05September 5, 1881
6. 273 Matheson Fire, Ontario Canada 01916-07-29July 29, 1916
7. 240 Sumatra and Kalimantan Fires Indonesia 1997
8. 230 Landes region France 1949
9. 213 Black Dragon Fire China 01987-05-01May 1987
10. 173 Black Saturday bushfires Australia February 7 – March 14, 2009

See also [edit]

Portal icon Disasters portal
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Other lists organized by death toll

Death and related topics
In medicine
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Mortality
After death
Other aspects
Paranormal
Legal
Other

References [edit]

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  2. ^ a b c d The world's worst natural disasters Calamities of the 20th and 21st centuries CBC News'.' Retrieved 2010-10-29.
  3. ^ "NOVA Online | Flood! | Dealing with the Deluge". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  4. ^ "Top 10 Deadliest Earthquakes". Time. January 13, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2010. 
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  6. ^ "The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2008-04-06. Retrieved 2011-03-11. 
  7. ^ "10 'Worst' Natural Disasters". Eas.slu.edu. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  8. ^ Understanding Global Security, Peter Hough, 2008, chapter 8, page 192, table 8.1 'The ten worst natural disasters in history'
  9. ^ a b "The Peru Earthquake: A Special Study". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Oct 1970: 17. 
  10. ^ "UC Davis Magazine, Summer 2006: Epidemics on the Horizon". Retrieved 2008-01-03. 
  11. ^ Smallpox and bioterrorism, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 81 no. 10 Genebra October 2003 ISSN 0042-9686
  12. ^ a b "Torrey EF and Yolken RH. 2005. Their bugs are worse than their bite. Washington Post, April 3, p. B01". Birdflubook.com. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  13. ^ "Global Report Fact Sheet". UNAIDS. 2010. 
  14. ^ Influenza (Seasonal), World Health Organization, April 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  15. ^ "The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2008-04-06. Retrieved 2011-03-11. 
  16. ^ "10 'Worst' Natural Disasters". Eas.slu.edu. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  17. ^ ThinkQuest Team #C003603. "Hurricanes: case studies". Library.thinkquest.org. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
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  19. ^ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-12/16/c_13652388.htm
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  21. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=131&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  22. ^ Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths
  23. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Tangshan_earthquake#Death_toll
  24. ^ [1]
  25. ^ [2]
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  28. ^ [3]
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  35. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1222&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  36. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=116&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  37. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=419&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  38. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1210&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  39. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=324&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  40. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=211&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  41. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=2143&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  42. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=152&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  43. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=376&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  44. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=208&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  45. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=335&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  46. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=217&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  47. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=227&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  48. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=230&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  49. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1054&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  50. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=81&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  51. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=159&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  52. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=607&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  53. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1329&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  54. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1336&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  55. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=6510&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  56. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=616&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display
  57. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/10/world/soviet-aides-say-deaths-in-quake-may-reach-50000.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
  58. ^ Dimensions of need – People and populations at risk. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
  59. ^ "Worst Natural Disasters In History". Nbc10.com. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
  60. ^ Official estimate, apparently including only deaths directly caused by the water itself: After 30 years, secrets, lessons of China's worst dams burst accident surface; Yi, Si (1998), "The World's Most Catastrophic Dam Failures: The August 1975 Collapse of the Banqiao and Shimantan Dams", in Dai, Qing, The River Dragon Has Come!: The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China’s Yangtze River and Its People, M.E. Sharpe, pp. 25–38 
  61. ^ 230,000 is the highest of a range of unofficial estimates, including also deaths of ensuing epidemics and famine, in Yi 1998
  62. ^ Kanoko Matsuyama; Shigeru Sato (13 July 2011). "Heatstroke Deaths Quadruple as Japan Shuns Air Conditioners to Save Power". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 1 June 2012.  "last year, when a record 1,718 people died of heatstroke as the summer heat broke records."
  63. ^ 2003 Southern India heat wave
  64. ^ Eric Klinenberg (July 30, 2002). "Dead Heat: Why don't Americans sweat over heat-wave deaths?". Slate. Retrieved 30 July 2010. 
  65. ^ http://dailydisaster.wordpress.com/2009/04/03/april-3-1856-palace-of-the-grand-masters-explosion-rhodes/
  66. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=2489&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display

External links [edit]

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