Lenin Peace Prize
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The International Lenin Peace Prize (Russian: международная Ленинская премия мира) was the Soviet Union's equivalent to the Nobel Peace Prize, named in honor of Vladimir Lenin. It was awarded by a panel appointed by the Soviet government, to notable individuals whom the panel indicated had "strengthened peace among peoples". It was founded as the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples, but was renamed the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples (Russian: Международная Ленинская премия «За укрепление мира между народами») as a result of destalinization. Unlike the Nobel Prize, the Lenin Peace Prize was usually awarded to several people a year rather than to just one individual. The prize was mainly awarded to prominent Communists and supporters of the Soviet Union who were not Soviet citizens.
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[edit] History
The prize was created as the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples on December 21, 1949 by the ukaz of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in honor of Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday (although it was actually after his seventy-first). Following Nikita Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin during the Twentieth Party Congress of 1956, the prize was renamed on September 6 the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples. All previous recipients were asked to return their Stalin Prizes so they could be replaced by the renamed Lenin Prize. By a decision of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 11, 1989, the prize was renamed the International Lenin Peace Prize.[1] Two years later, after the USSR had collapsed, the Russian government, as the successor state to the defunct Soviet Union, ended the award program.
The International Lenin Prize should not be confused with the International Peace Prize, awarded by the World Peace Council. There was also a Stalin Prize (later renamed the USSR State Prize) created during 1941 which was awarded annually to accomplished Soviet writers, composers, artists and scientists.
[edit] List of recipients
[edit] 1950–1955 (International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples)
Pablo Picasso (1950)[2][3]
Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1950)[4]
Soong Ching-ling (Madame Sun Yat-sen) (1950)[4]
Hewlett Johnson (1950)[4]- Eugénie Cotton (1950)[4]
Arthur Wheelock Moulton (1950)[4]-Declined
Pak Chong Ae (1950)[4]
Heriberto Jara Corona (1950)[4]- Guo Moruo (1951)[5]
- Monica Felton (1951)[6]
Oyama Ikuo (1951)[6]
Pietro Nenni (1951)[6]
Anna Seghers (1951)[6]
Jorge Amado (1951)[6]- Johannes Becher (1952)[6]
- Eliza Branco (1952)[6]
Ilya Ehrenburg (1952)[6]
Rev. James Gareth Endicott (1952)[6]- Yves Farge (1952)[6]
Saifuddin Kitchlew (1952)[6]- Paul Robeson (1952)[6]
Andrea Andreen (1953)[6]
John Desmond Bernal (1953)[5]
Isabelle Blume (1953)[6]- Howard Fast (1953)[6]
- Andrew Gaggiero (1953)[6]
Leon Kruczkowski (1953)[6]
Pablo Neruda (1953)[6]- Nina Vasilevna Popova (1953)[6]
- Sir Sahib Singh Sokhey (1953)[6]
- Pierre Cot (1953)
- Alain Le Léap (1954)
Baldomero Sanín Cano (1954)
Prijono (1954)- Bertolt Brecht (1954)[7]
André Bonnard (1954)[7]
Thakin Kodaw Hmaing (1954)[7]
Felix Iversen (1954)[7]
Nicolás Guillén (1954)[8]- Denis Nowell Pritt (1954)[9]
- Lázaro Cárdenas (1955)[10]
Mohammed Al-Ashmar (1955)[10]
Karl Joseph Wirth (1955)[10]
Tôn Đức Thắng (1955)[10]- Akiko Seki (1955)[10]
Ragnar Forbech (1955)[10]
[edit] Since 1957 (International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples)
- Louis Aragon (1957)[9]
- Emmanuel d'Astier (1957)[9]
Heinrich Brandweiner (b. 1910) (1957)[9]- Danilo Dolci (b. 1924) (1957)[9]
Maria Rosa Oliver (b. 1898) (1957)[9]- Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1957)[9]
Udakandawala Saranankara Thero (b. 1902) (1957)[9]- Nikolay Semenovich Tikhonov (1957)[9]
Josef Lukl Hromádka (1958)[5]- Artur Lundkvist (1958)[5]
- Louis Saillant (1958)[5]
- Kaoru Yasui (1958)[5]
- Arnold Zweig (1958)[5]
- Otto Buchwitz (1959)[11]
- W. E. B. Du Bois (1959)[11]
- Nikita Khrushchev (1959)[11]
- Ivor Montagu (1959)[11]
Kostas Varnalis (1959)[11]
[edit] 1960s
- Laurent Casanova (1960)[12]
Cyrus Eaton (1960)[12]- Sukarno (1960)[12]
Aziz Sharif (1960)[13]- Aleksandr Evdokimovich Korneichuk (1960)
- Fidel Castro (1961)[14]
- Ostap Dlussky (b. 1892 in Buczacz) (1961)[14]
William Morrow (b. 1888) (1961)[14]- Rameshwari Nehru (b. 1886) (1961)[14]
Mihail Sadoveanu (1961)[14]
Antoine Tabet (1961)[14]
Ahmed Sékou Touré (1961)[14]- Konstantin Simun (1962)[14]
István Dobi (1962)[15]- Olga Poblete de Espinosa (1962)[15]
Faiz Ahmed Faiz (1962)[15]
Kwame Nkrumah (1962)[15]- Pablo Picasso (1962)[15]
Georgi Traikov (1962)[16]- Manolis Glezos (1962)[17]
Modibo Keita (1963)[18]- Oscar Niemeyer (1963)[17]
- Dolores Ibárruri (1964)[8]
- Rafael Alberti (1964)[19]
- Aruna Asaf Ali (1964)[19]
- Kaoru Ota (1964)[19]
Miguel Ángel Asturias (1965)[20]- Mirjam Vire-Tuominen (1965)[20]
Peter Ayodele Curtis Joseph (1965)[20]- Giacomo Manzù (1965)[20]
Jamsrangiin Sambuu (1965)[20]- Herbert Warnke (1966)[21]
- Rockwell Kent (1966)[21]
- Ivan Málek (1966)[21]
- Martin Niemöller (1966)[21]
- David Alfaro Siqueiros (1966)[21]
Bram Fischer (1966)[21]
Joris Ivens (1967)[22]
Nguyen Thi Dinh (1967)[22]- Jorge Zalamea (1967)[22]
- Romesh Chandra (1967)[22]
- Endre Sík (1967)[22]
- Jean Effel (1967)[22]
- Akira Iwai (b. 1922) (1968–69)[7]
- Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (1968–69)[7]
Khaled Mohieddin (1968–69)[7]- Linus Pauling (1968–69)[7]
Shafie Ahmed el Sheikh (b. 1924 – d. 1971) (1968–69)[7]- Bertil Svahnström (b. 1907 – d. 1972) (1968–69)[7]
- Ludvík Svoboda (1968–69)[7]
[edit] 1970s
Hikmat Abu Zayd (1970–71)[23]- Eric Henry Stoneley Burhop (1970–71)[24]
- Ernst Busch (1970–71)[24]
Tsola Dragoycheva (1970–71)[24]- Renato Guttuso (1970–71)[24]
- Kamal Jumblatt (1970–71)[24]
- Alfredo Varela (1970–71)[24]
- James Aldridge (1972)[25]
- Salvador Allende (1972)[25]
- Leonid Brezhnev (1972)[25]
Enrique Pastorino (1972)[25]- Luis Corvalán (1973–74)[26]
- Raymond Goor (1973–74)[26]
- Jeanne Martin-Cissé (1973–74)[26]
- Hortensia Bussi de Allende (1975–76)[27]
- János Kádár (1975–76)[27]
- Seán MacBride (1975–76)[27]
Samora Machel (1975–76)[27]
Agostinho Neto (1975–76)[27]- Pierre Pouyade (1975–76)[27]
- Yannis Ritsos (1975–76)[27]
- Kurt Bachmann (1977–78)[28]
- Freda Yetta Brown (1977–78)[28]
- Angela Davis (1977–78)[28]
- Vilma Espín Guillois (1977–78)[28]
- Kumara Padma Sivasankara Menon (1977–78)[28]
- Halina Skibniewska (1977–78)[28]
- Hervé Bazin (1979)[29]
Le Duan (1979)[29]- Urho Kekkonen (1979)[29]
- Abd al-Rahman al-Sharqawi (1979)[29]
Miguel Otero Silva (1979)[29]
[edit] 1980s
-
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Mahmoud Darwish (1980–82)[30]
John Morgan (1980–82)[30]- Líber Seregni (1980–82)[30]
- Mikis Theodorakis (1980–82)[30]
- Indira Gandhi (1983–84)[31]
- Jean-Marie Legay (1983–84)[31]
- Eva Palmer (1983–84)[31]
- Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1983–84)[31]
- Luis Vidales (1983–84)[31]
- Joseph Weber (1983–84)[31]
- Charilaos Florakis (1983–84)
Miguel d'Escoto (1985–86)[32]- Dorothy Hodgkin (1985–86)[32]
- Herbert Mies (1985–86)[32]
Julius Nyerere (1985–86)[32]- Petr Tanchev (1985–86)[32]
- Evan Litwack (1986–87)[citation needed]
- Abdul Sattar Edhi (1988)[citation needed]
Álvaro Cunhal (1989)[citation needed]
[edit] 1990
- Nelson Mandela1 (1990)[33]
1. Mandela was awarded the International Lenin Peace Prize in 1990 but, due to his trial and imprisonment in South Africa, was unable to accept the prize until 2002.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕЗИДИУМА ВС СССР ОТ 11.12.1989 N 905-1 О МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ЛЕНИНСКОЙ ПРЕМИИ МИРА" (in Russian). 2006-10-12. http://pravo.levonevsky.org/baza/soviet/sssr1118.htm.
- ^ [1] Retrieved March 3, 2011
- ^ Picasso’s Party Line, ARTnews Retrieved 31 May 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g О присуждении международных Сталинских премий "За укрепление мира между народами" за 1950 год. Pravda. Apr 6, 1951 [2]
- ^ a b c d e f g (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1959.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t (in Russian) Great Soviet Encyclopedia. (2nd ed. ed.). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1953. vol. 24, p. 366.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k (in Russian) Great Soviet Encyclopedia. (3rd ed. ed.). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. In some cases in GSE's 3rd edition the year is that, "in which" the Prize was awarded, in other cases – "for which". Hence, the year "1970" there seems to be the Prize "for 1969" or "for 1968–1969"
- ^ a b (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1989.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1958.
- ^ a b c d e f О присуждении международных Сталинских премий "За укрепление мира между народами" за 1955 год. Pravda. Dec 21, 1955, page 1 [3]
- ^ a b c d e (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1960.
- ^ a b c (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1961.
- ^ Yitzhak Oron, ed. (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1962.
- ^ a b c d e (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1963.
- ^ (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1965.
- ^ a b (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1964.
- ^ "Modibo Keita." Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.
- ^ a b c (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1966.
- ^ a b c d e (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1967. p. 623.
- ^ a b c d e f (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1968. p. 622.
- ^ a b c d e f (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1969. p. 607.
- ^ Shukri, Sabin M. (1984). The International Who's Who of the Arab World (2nd ed.). London: International Who's Who of the Arab World. p. 31. ISBN 9780950612218.
- ^ a b c d e f (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1972. p. 618.
- ^ a b c d (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1973. p. 634.
- ^ a b c (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1975. p. 653.
- ^ a b c d e f g (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1977. p. 633.
- ^ a b c d e f (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1979. p. 573.
- ^ a b c d e (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1980. p. 577.
- ^ a b c d (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1983.
- ^ a b c d e f (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1985. p. 571.
- ^ a b c d e (in Russian) Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1987. p. 599.
- ^ (in Russian) The Great Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1991. vol. 1, p. 759.
[edit] External links
- Thoughts on winning the Stalin Peace Prize by Paul Robeson
- On Receiving the Stalin Peace Award by Howard Fast
- Address by Nelson Mandela on receiving the Lenin Peace Prize
- Soviet Prize Medals pictures of the medals and accompanying certificates
- (Russian) PDF-version of issue of Pravda with ukaz about creation of prize.
