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'''Jayalalithaa Jayaram''' ({{lang-ta|ஜெயலலிதா ஜெயராம்}}; born 24 February 1948) commonly referred to as '''J. Jayalalitha''', is the [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. She is the incumbent general secretary of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]]. She is called ''Amma'' (English: Mother) and ''Puratchi Thalaivi'' (English: Revolutionary Leader) by her followers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=31418 |title=Votes stolen via remote control: Amma's minister |publisher=Express India |date=14 May 2004 |first=Radha |last=Venkatesan |accessdate=2011-07-06}}</ref> She was a successful [[film actor]] in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] before entering politics.
'''Jayalalithaa Jayaram''' ({{lang-ta|ஜெயலலிதா ஜெயராம்}}; born 24 February 1948) commonly referred to as '''J. Jayalalitha''', is the [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. She is the incumbent general secretary of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]]. She is called ''Amma'' (English: Mother) and ''Puratchi Thalaivi'' (English: Revolutionary Leader) by her followers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=31418 |title=Votes stolen via remote control: Amma's minister |publisher=Express India |date=14 May 2004 |first=Radha |last=Venkatesan |accessdate=2011-07-06}}</ref> She was a successful [[film actor]] in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] before entering politics.



==Early life==
==Early life==
Line 48: Line 47:
Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 in a typical [[Tamil people|Tamil]] [[Iyengar]] family and was also known at that time as Komalavalli. Her birthplace was near to the city of [[Mysore]]. Her grandfather was in the service of the then [[Mysore kingdom]] as a surgeon, and the prefix Jaya has been added to all the names in the family to reflect their association with king Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar of Mysore.<ref name="outlook20110321"/>
Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 in a typical [[Tamil people|Tamil]] [[Iyengar]] family and was also known at that time as Komalavalli. Her birthplace was near to the city of [[Mysore]]. Her grandfather was in the service of the then [[Mysore kingdom]] as a surgeon, and the prefix Jaya has been added to all the names in the family to reflect their association with king Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar of Mysore.<ref name="outlook20110321"/>


Jayalalithaa’s father, who had been a wealthy lawyer, died when she was two years old having lost all of his money.<ref name="outlook20110321"/> Her mother then moved with her children - Jayalalitha and Jayakumar (Jayalaithaa's brother) to [[Bangalore]], where Jayalalithaa's maternal grandparents lived. Her mother eventually began to work as an actress in [[Tamil cinema]], based in [[Chennai]] and having taken the screen name of Sandhya.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref name="Ironlady">{{cite journal |last=Raman |first=A. S. |date=September 2001 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002 |title=The Iron Lady of India |journal=The Contemporary Review |accessdate=2011-07-06}}</ref> While in Bangalore, Jayalalithaa attended Bishop Cotton Girls' High School.<ref name="TNgov">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |title=Profile |publisher=Tamil Nadu Government}}{{Dead link|date=July 2011}}</ref> She completed her childhood education at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent) in Chennai.<ref name="Ironlady"/> She excelled at school and has said that she was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education<ref name="TNgov"/> and that her ambition was to become a lawyer, but that the financial position of her family prevented this.<ref>{{cite web|title=I Wanted To Be A Lawyer, Not A Politician, Jayalalitha Had Told Rajat Sharma's Adalat|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/India/I_Wanted_To_Be_A_Lawyer_Not_A_Politician_-7917.html|publisher=indiatvnews.com|accessdate=18 June 2011|date=14 May 2011}}</ref> After she finished her schooling she joined [[Stella Maris College, Chennai]], to study law but discontinued this at the request of her mother to make her debut in Tamil films..<ref name="outlook20110321"/>
Jayalalithaa’s father, who had been a wealthy lawyer, died when she was two years old having lost all of his money.<ref name="outlook20110321"/> Her mother then moved with her children to [[Bangalore]], where Jayalalithaa's maternal grandparents lived. Her mother eventually began to work as an actress in [[Tamil cinema]], based in [[Chennai]] and having taken the screen name of Sandhya.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref name="Ironlady">{{cite journal |last=Raman |first=A. S. |date=September 2001 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002 |title=The Iron Lady of India |journal=The Contemporary Review |accessdate=2011-07-06}}</ref> While in Bangalore, Jayalalithaa attended Bishop Cotton Girls' High School.<ref name="TNgov">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |title=Profile |publisher=Tamil Nadu Government}}{{Dead link|date=July 2011}}</ref> She completed her childhood education at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent) in Chennai.<ref name="Ironlady"/> She excelled at school and has said that she was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education<ref name="TNgov"/> and that her ambition was to become a lawyer, but that the financial position of her family prevented this.<ref>{{cite web|title=I Wanted To Be A Lawyer, Not A Politician, Jayalalitha Had Told Rajat Sharma's Adalat|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/India/I_Wanted_To_Be_A_Lawyer_Not_A_Politician_-7917.html|publisher=indiatvnews.com|accessdate=18 June 2011|date=14 May 2011}}</ref> She appears not to have taken up a place offered to her at [[Stella Maris College, Chennai]].<ref name="outlook20110321"/>


==Film career==
==Film career==
Line 54: Line 53:
{{See also|Jayalalitha filmography}}
{{See also|Jayalalitha filmography}}


===Early career (1961-1970)===
===Early career===
⚫
Her mother persuaded her to work in films when Jayalalitha was still in school, taking assurances from producers that shooting would take place only during summer vacations and that she would not miss her classes. Jayalalitha acted in an English language film, ''Epistle'', released in 1961. She made her debut as the lead actress in Kannada films while still in school, aged 15, in ''Chinnada Gombe'' (1964). <ref name="outlook20110321">{{cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?270858 |publisher=Outlook India |title=The Road To Ammahood |date=21 March 2011 |first=Sugata |last=Srinivasaraju |accessdate=2011-07-06}}</ref>


⚫
She got her first break in Tamil movie industry in ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. The following year, she made her debut in [[Telugu cinema]] with the film ''Manushulu Mamathalu''. She was perhaps the first heroine to appear in [[Skirts and dress|skirts]] in Tamil films.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
⚫
Her mother persuaded her to work in films when Jayalalitha was still in school, taking assurances from producers that shooting would take place only during summer vacations and that she would not miss her classes. Jayalalitha while still in school acted in an English language film, ''Epistle'', released in 1961 and also made her debut as the lead actress in Kannada films aged 15, in ''Chinnada Gombe'' (1964). <ref name="outlook20110321">{{cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?270858 |publisher=Outlook India |title=The Road To Ammahood |date=21 March 2011 |first=Sugata |last=Srinivasaraju |accessdate=2011-07-06}}</ref>


Between 1965 and 1972 she acted frequently with [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and she also worked with [[B. Saroja Devi]] in ''Arasa Kattali''. Her other early roles were in suspense films such as ''Naan'' and comedies such as ''Galatta Kalyanam''.<ref>[http://www.jointscene.com/artists/Kollywood/Jayalalitha/206 Find Tamil Actress Jayalalitha Videos, Jayalalitha Movies, Jayalalitha Pictures and Filmography | Jointscene.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
⚫
She got her first break in Tamil movie industry in ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. The following year, she made her debut in [[Telugu cinema]] with the film ''Manushulu Mamathalu''. She was perhaps the first heroine to appear in [[Skirts and dress|skirts]] in Tamil films.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}She established herself in the Tamil film industry with the series of box-office hits ''Nee'', ''Major Chandrakanth'' and ''[[Kandan Karunai]]''.


⚫
===Later career===
Between 1965 and 1972 she did 28 films opposite [[M. G. Ramachandran]] which were commercially successful and their onscreen chemistry was popular with the audience.<ref>http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/starring-mgr--jayalalitha/7148/</ref><ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref>http://www.admk.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=211&Itemid=176</ref> They were romantically paired in man oriented films like ''Aayirathil Oruvan'', ''Muharassi'', ''Chandorodyam'', ''Kavalkaran'', ''Rahasya Police 115'', ''Adimai Pen'', ''Nam Naadu'', ''Kudiyiruntha Koil'', ''Olivilaku'', ''Thaikku Thalaimagan'', ''Mattukkara Velan'', ''Thalaivan'', ''Thedi Vanda Mappillai'', ''Kanavan'', ''Engal Thangam'', ''Kumari Kottam'', and ''Raman Thediya Seethai''.
⚫
She won her first Filmfare Best Actress Award{{Clarify|reason=is this different from the Best Tamil Actress Award? If so, why does it say "first" when she appears only to have won this one once?|date=July 2011}} for her performance in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', which won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]]. She also won the first [[Filmfare Best Actress Award (Tamil)|Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award]] and [[Filmfare Best Actress Award (Telugu)|Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award]], in 1972. Her performance in ''[[Suryakanthi]]'' and ''Chandradhoyam'' were critically acclaimed and she won her second Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award in 1973.
She also worked with [[B. Saroja Devi]] in ''Arasa Kattali''.It was Jayalalithaa's entry in Tamil films which displaced Saroja Devi's opportunity to work with MGR after 1967 and her career in Tamil films.<ref>http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/starring-mgr--jayalalitha/7148/</ref>Jayalalithaa's other early roles were in suspense films such as ''Naan'' and comedies such as ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]''.<ref>[http://www.jointscene.com/artists/Kollywood/Jayalalitha/206 Find Tamil Actress Jayalalitha Videos, Jayalalitha Movies, Jayalalitha Pictures and Filmography | Jointscene.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.In this period, she even made her [[Bollywood]] debut through the commercially successful ''[[Izzat]]'', in which she was paired opposite [[Dharmendra]].<ref>[http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA== Boxofficeindia.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


Her films with [[Sivaji Ganesan]] include ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]'' and ''[[Deiva Magan (1969 film)|Deiva Magan]]''. She continued pairing up with younger actors such as [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] and [[Jaishankar]] in films such as ''[[Vairam]]''.
⚫
===Later career(1971-80)===


Later Tamil films in which she acted included ''[[Kandan Karunai]]'' and she also starred in Bollywood films, initially in ''[[Izzat]]'', which saw her paired with [[Dharmendra]].<ref>[http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA== Boxofficeindia.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> She also established her popularity in Telugu films, including ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]''. Her last film was ''Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal'' which released in 1980.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
⚫
Jayalalithaa won her Filmfare Best Actress Award in Tamil for her performance in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', which won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] in 1972. She also won the [[Filmfare Best Actress Award (Telugu)|Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award]] for her performance in Sri Krishna Satya in the first Filmfare awards conducted for Telugu films in 1972. Her performance in ''[[Suryakanthi]]'' and ''Chandradhoyam'' were critically acclaimed and she won her second Filmfare Best Actress Award inn Tamil in 1973.In this period, she played lead roles in woman oriented films and was often casted opposite Muthuraman and Ravichandran in these films.

Her commercially successful films with [[Sivaji Ganesan]] include ''Sumathi En Sundari'', ''Enga Maama'', ''[[Raja (1972film)|Raja]]'', ''[[Deiva Magan (1969 film)|Deiva Magan]]'', ''Thaai'', ''Avanthan Manithan'', ''Pattum Bharathamum'' and ''Neenga Nalla Erukkanum''. She continued pairing up with newcomers like [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] in movies like ''Bhagdad Perazhagi'', ''Moondrezhuthu'', ''Magarasi'', ''Madi Veetu Mappillai'', ''Avalukku Ayiram Kangal'' and with Jaishankar in films like ''Vairam'', ''Yaar Nee'', ''Vandhale Magarasi''.Her film with Muthuraman include Petha Manam Pithu, Shanmuga Priya, Suryakanthi, Anbu Thangai, Thirumangalyam, Kanavan Manaivi, Unmaiye Un Vilai Enna.<ref>http://www.jointscene.com/kollywood-actress/jayalalitha/filmography.html</ref>In 1975, she played the role of politician for the first time in her carrer in Neenga Nalla Erukkanum.

She also established her popularity in Telugu films ''Nayakudu Vinayakudu'', ''Aadarsa Kutumbam'', ''Akka Thamudu'', ''Bharya Biddalu'', ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'', ''Brahmachari'', ''Goodachari 116'', ''Navarathri'' and ''Nayakudu Vinayakudu''. Her last film was ''Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal'' which released in 1980.


==Political career==
==Political career==
Line 94: Line 90:
===Third term as Chief Minister===
===Third term as Chief Minister===
{{Main|J. Jayalalitha's third term as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Main|J. Jayalalitha's third term as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu}}
⚫
In April 2011 the AIADMK was part of a 12-party alliance that successfully won the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly election, 2011|14th state assembly elections]]. Jayalalitha was sworn in as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time on 16 May 2011, having been elected unanimously as the leader of the AIADMK party subsequent to those elections.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/article2021167.ece| title=Jayalalithaa sworn in Tamil Nadu Chief Minister | publisher=The Hindu| date=16 March 2011| accessdate=16 March 2011| location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
In the [[2011]] state assembly elections AIADMK led a 12-party alliance including the Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Part of India Marxist (CPM), Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), [[Manithaneya Makkal Katchi]], All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi (AISMK), Republican Party of India (RPI), Forward Block, All India Movvendar Munnani Kazhagam (AIMMK) etc. The ADMK returned to power.

⚫
Jayalalitha was sworn in as the Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] for the third time on 16 May 2011. She was elected unanimously as the leader of the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (ADMK) legislature party after winning the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly election, 2011|14th election]] held on 13 April 2011.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/article2021167.ece| title=Jayalalithaa sworn in Tamil Nadu Chief Minister | publisher=The Hindu| date=16 March 2011| accessdate=16 March 2011| location=Chennai, India}}</ref>


===Member of the legislative assembly===
===Member of the legislative assembly===
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| 2002 || 2006 || [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 2001|2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election]]
| 2002 || 2006 || [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 2001|2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election]]
|-
|-
| 2011 || Present || [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 2011|2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election]]
| 2011 || || [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 2011|2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election]]
|}
|}



==Awards and honors==
==Awards and honors==
===Special honors===
===Special honors===
Jayalalithaa has received several honorary doctorates since that awarded to her in 1991 by the [[University of Madras]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} In addition, she has been awarded:
* 1972 - [[Kalaimamani]] from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
* 1972 - [[Kalaimamani]] from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
* 1991 - [[Honorary Doctorate]] in [[Literature]] from [[University of Madras]]
* 1992 - [[Honorary Doctorate]] in [[Science]] from [[Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University]]
* 1993 - [[Doctor of Letters]] from [[Madurai Kamaraj University]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
* 1993 - [[Doctor of Letters]] from [[Madurai Kamaraj University]]
* 2003 - [[Doctor of Letters]] from [[Bharathidasan University]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
* 2003 - [[Honorary Doctorate]] in [[Science]] from [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]]
* 2003 - [[Doctor of Letters]] from [[Bharathidasan University]]
* 2005 - [[Honorary Doctorate]] in [[Law]] from [[Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University]]

===Filmfare Awards South===
* 1972 - [[Filmfare Best Actress Award (Tamil)|Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award]] for ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]''<ref name="TOI">{{cite book|title=The Times of India directory and year book including who's who|year=1984|publisher=The Times of India Press|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=kh-2AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=6 June 2011}}</ref>
* 1972 - [[Filmfare Best Actress Award (Telugu)|Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award]] for ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]''<ref name="TOI"/>
* 1973 - Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award for ''[[Suryakanthi]]''<ref name="TOI"/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 18:38, 31 August 2011

In this Indian name, the name Jayaram is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Jayalalitha.
J. Jayalalitha
ஜெ. ஜெயலலிதா
Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Incumbent
Assumed office
16 May 2011
Preceded byM. Karunanidhi
ConstituencySrirangam
In office
2 March 2002 – 12 May 2006
Preceded byO. Panneerselvam (Acting CM)
Succeeded byM. Karunanidhi
ConstituencyAndipatti
In office
14 May 2001 – 21 September 2001
Preceded byM. Karunanidhi
Succeeded byO. Panneerselvam (Acting CM)
ConstituencyDid not contest
In office
24 June 1991 – 12 May 1996
Preceded byPresident's rule
Succeeded byM. Karunanidhi
ConstituencyBargur
Personal details
Born (1948-02-24) 24 February 1948 (age 76)
Mysore, India
Political partyAIADMK
Residence(s)Poes Garden,
Chennai,
India

Jayalalithaa Jayaram (Template:Lang-ta; born 24 February 1948) commonly referred to as J. Jayalalitha, is the Chief Minister of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. She is the incumbent general secretary of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), a Dravidian party. She is called Amma (English: Mother) and Puratchi Thalaivi (English: Revolutionary Leader) by her followers.[1] She was a successful film actor in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Hindi before entering politics.

Early life

Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 in a typical Tamil Iyengar family and was also known at that time as Komalavalli. Her birthplace was near to the city of Mysore. Her grandfather was in the service of the then Mysore kingdom as a surgeon, and the prefix Jaya has been added to all the names in the family to reflect their association with king Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar of Mysore.[2]

Jayalalithaa’s father, who had been a wealthy lawyer, died when she was two years old having lost all of his money.[2] Her mother then moved with her children to Bangalore, where Jayalalithaa's maternal grandparents lived. Her mother eventually began to work as an actress in Tamil cinema, based in Chennai and having taken the screen name of Sandhya.[2][3] While in Bangalore, Jayalalithaa attended Bishop Cotton Girls' High School.[4] She completed her childhood education at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent) in Chennai.[3] She excelled at school and has said that she was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education[4] and that her ambition was to become a lawyer, but that the financial position of her family prevented this.[5] She appears not to have taken up a place offered to her at Stella Maris College, Chennai.[2]

Film career

See also: Jayalalitha filmography

Early career

Her mother persuaded her to work in films when Jayalalitha was still in school, taking assurances from producers that shooting would take place only during summer vacations and that she would not miss her classes. Jayalalitha acted in an English language film, Epistle, released in 1961. She made her debut as the lead actress in Kannada films while still in school, aged 15, in Chinnada Gombe (1964). [2]

She got her first break in Tamil movie industry in Vennira Aadai (1965), directed by C. V. Sridhar. The following year, she made her debut in Telugu cinema with the film Manushulu Mamathalu. She was perhaps the first heroine to appear in skirts in Tamil films.[citation needed]

Between 1965 and 1972 she acted frequently with M. G. Ramachandran and she also worked with B. Saroja Devi in Arasa Kattali. Her other early roles were in suspense films such as Naan and comedies such as Galatta Kalyanam.[6]

Later career

She won her first Filmfare Best Actress Award[clarification needed] for her performance in Pattikada Pattanama, which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil. She also won the first Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award and Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award, in 1972. Her performance in Suryakanthi and Chandradhoyam were critically acclaimed and she won her second Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award in 1973.

Her films with Sivaji Ganesan include Galatta Kalyanam and Deiva Magan. She continued pairing up with younger actors such as Ravichandran and Jaishankar in films such as Vairam.

Later Tamil films in which she acted included Kandan Karunai and she also starred in Bollywood films, initially in Izzat, which saw her paired with Dharmendra.[7] She also established her popularity in Telugu films, including Sri Krishna Satya. Her last film was Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal which released in 1980.[citation needed]

Political career

This article is part of a series on the
Dravidian politics
Political parties
Union cabinet ministers
Chief ministers
Speakers
Leaders of the opposition
Others

Her involvement in politics grew from her association with Ramachandran, who had founded the AIADMK and was Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu as well as an actor, In 1980 he made Jayalalithaa the party's Propaganda Secretary. She was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1984.[8] [9][10][11][12][13][14] and her position as Ramachandran's political disciple helped her become his political heir.[15][16][17][18][19][20] After the death of Ramachandran she was alienated by a faction of the party who chose to support his wife, Janaki Ramachandran.[citation needed]

She was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly in 1989. and became the first woman to be elected Leader of the Opposition. In 1991, following the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi just days before the elections, her alliance with the Indian National Congress enabled her to ride the wave of sympathy that gave the coalition victory. Re-elected to the assembly, she became the first elected female chief minister and the youngest ever chief minister of Tamil Nadu, serving the full tenure from 24 June 1991 to 12 May 1996. Janaki Ramachandran had technically been the first female chief minister following her husband's death, but she was unelected.[citation needed]

Due to an anti-incumbency wave, and several allegations of corruption and malfeasance against her and her ministers, she lost power to the D.M.K in 1996, in a landslide defeat. All the ministers in her erstwhile cabinet, including her, were defeated in the elections and six of them lost their deposits, meaning that they did not even secure the minimum number of votes expected of them.[citation needed]

She returned to power with a huge majority in the 2001 elections, having mustered a bigger coalition and defying many pre-poll predictions. In the 2006 assembly elections, her party lost to the DMK.[citation needed]

Controversies - lawsuits and acquittal

Her first term as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu resulted in several legal actions being brought against her, mainly involving charges of embezzlement and monetary fraud.

In 2001, a specially designated court convicted her of criminal breach of trust and of illegally acquiring governmental property belonging to TANSI, a state-run agency. She was sentenced her to five years' imprisonment but appealed to the Supreme Court of India. As the conviction stood until the outcome of the appeal was decided, she was disqualified from contesting the 2001 elections. When her party won those elections further controversy ensued because she was installed as Chief Minister as a non-elected member of the state assembly.[clarification needed]

On 21 September 2001, the Supreme Court ruled that "a person who is convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of not less than two years cannot be appointed the Chief Minister of a State under Article 164 (1) read with (4) and cannot continue to function as such". Thereby, the bench decided that "in the appointment of Ms. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister there has been a clear infringement of a Constitutional provision and that a writ of quo warranto must issue".[21]

In effect, her appointment as Chief Minister was declared null and invalid. Therefore, technically, she was not the Chief Minister in the period between 14 May 2001 and 21 September 2001. O. Panneerselvam, a minister in her party, was subsequently installed as the Chief Minister. However, his government was widely believed to have been puppeted and micro-managed by Jayalalithaa. In 2003, the Supreme Court acquitted her in the specific case, for lack of conclusive evidence to convict her. This cleared the way for her to contest a mid-term poll to the Andipatti constituency, after the elected representative for the seat, gave up his membership. Winning the election by a handsome margin, Jayalalithaa took over the Chief Ministership again. She till 2008 was party in a few criminal litigations, from her first term rule, in the courts in the neighbouring Karnataka state but has been acquitted in 2011.[22]

After the 2006 assembly elections, O. Panneerselvam was elected the AIADMK legislature party leader and hence the Leader of the Opposition in the assembly after she decided not to attend the assembly except if "absolutely necessary". However, she, by virtue of her strong control over her party, was considered to be the de-facto leader of the opposition in the state. Later that month when all the attending AIADMK MLAs were suspended, she started attending the assembly. She was elected the legislature party leader. Of the 11 corruption cases levied against her in period 1996-2003, she was acquitted in 9.[23][24]

Third term as Chief Minister

Main article: J. Jayalalitha's third term as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu

In April 2011 the AIADMK was part of a 12-party alliance that successfully won the 14th state assembly elections. Jayalalitha was sworn in as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time on 16 May 2011, having been elected unanimously as the leader of the AIADMK party subsequent to those elections.[25]

Member of the legislative assembly

Year Status Place
1989 Elected Bodinayakkanur
1991 Elected Bargur, Kangayeam
1996 Lost Bargur
2001 Elected Andipatti
2006 Reelected Andipatti
2011 Elected Srirangam

Chief Minister

From To Election
1991 1996 1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election
2002 2006 2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election
2011 2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election

Awards and honors

Special honors

Jayalalithaa has received several honorary doctorates since that awarded to her in 1991 by the University of Madras.[citation needed] In addition, she has been awarded:

References

  1. ^ Venkatesan, Radha (14 May 2004). "Votes stolen via remote control: Amma's minister". Express India. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
  2. ^ a b c d e Srinivasaraju, Sugata (21 March 2011). "The Road To Ammahood". Outlook India. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
  3. ^ a b Raman, A. S. (September 2001). "The Iron Lady of India". The Contemporary Review. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
  4. ^ a b "Profile". Tamil Nadu Government.[dead link]
  5. ^ "I Wanted To Be A Lawyer, Not A Politician, Jayalalitha Had Told Rajat Sharma's Adalat". indiatvnews.com. 14 May 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  6. ^ Find Tamil Actress Jayalalitha Videos, Jayalalitha Movies, Jayalalitha Pictures and Filmography | Jointscene.com
  7. ^ Boxofficeindia.com
  8. ^ Her entry into politics- The making of Jayalalithaa - Indiatimes: Picture Story
  9. ^ The Image Trap: M.G. Ramachandran in Film and Politics Journal article by Robert L. Hardgrave Jr.; Pacific Affairs, Vol. 66, 1993 - Hosted on Questia
  10. ^ The Changing Politics of Tamil Nadu in the 1990s by John Harriss and Andrew Wyatt (PDF) Retrieved on 11 November 2007
  11. ^ Peter Goodspeed - National Post - 12 November 2003 - Online version
  12. ^ Family business as politics - The Economic Times 1 February 2006 ([Reproduced: http://www.swaminomics.org/et_articles/et20060202_Family_Business_as_Poli.htm])
  13. ^ Obituary for Janaki Ramachandran mentioning Jayalalitha's relationship with MGR - Asiaweek
  14. ^ Private lives go public - The Times of India, 25 March 2001 Retrieved on 11 November 2007
  15. ^ India offers Arnie a pointer or two - Asia Times
  16. ^ Krishna K. Tummala (1992). "India's Federalism under Stress". Asian Survey. 32 (6): 538–553. doi:10.1525/as.1992.32.6.00p01782.
  17. ^ Indian Politics: Encourages Durgas, Snubs Women - India Together 10 October 2006
  18. ^ Atul Kohli (1990). Democracy and Discontent: India's Growing Crisis of Governability. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521396921. pp 162
  19. ^ Alida Brill (1995). A Rising Public Voice: Women in Politics Worldwide. Feminist Press. ISBN 1558611118. pp 61
  20. ^ Paul R. Brass (1994). The Politics of India Since Independence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521459702. pp 131
  21. ^ Text of the judgment by the Supreme Court of India
  22. ^ "Special court adjourns wealth case against Jayalalithaa to March 22". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 March 2010.
  23. ^ Jayalalithaa: Mother of comebacks - India - DNA
  24. ^ Jayalalitha acquitted of corruption in privatisation case
    | Asian Tribune
  25. ^ "Jayalalithaa sworn in Tamil Nadu Chief Minister". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to J. Jayalalithaa.
Preceded by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
First Tenure
1991-1996 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Second Tenure
14 May 2001-16 September 2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
(Quashed)
2002-2006 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Third Tenure
2011-2016 		Succeeded by
"Incumbent"

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