Texas A&M University: Difference between revisions
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'''Texas A&M University''' ('''Texas A&M''', '''A&M''', or '''TAMU''') is a [[public university|public]] [[Land-grant university|land-grant]] [[research university]] in [[College Station, Texas]]. It was founded in 1876 and became the [[flagship institution]] of the [[Texas A&M University System]] in 1948. {{As of|2021}}, Texas A&M's student body is the [[List of United States university campuses by enrollment|largest in the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2021/10/20/record-enrollment-numbers-continue-at-texas-am/|title=Record Enrollment Numbers Continue at Texas A&M|date=October 20, 2021}}</ref> Texas A&M is the only university in Texas to hold simultaneous designations as a [[land-grant university|land]], [[sea grant colleges|sea]], and [[space grant colleges|space grant]] institution. It has projects funded by organizations such as the [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA), the [[National Institutes of Health]], the [[National Science Foundation]], and the [[Office of Naval Research]]. In 2001, Texas A&M was inducted as a member of the [[Association of American Universities]]. The school's students, [[alumnus|alumni]] and sports teams are known as [[Texas A&M Aggies|Aggies]]. The Texas A&M Aggies athletes compete in |
'''Texas A&M University''' ('''Texas A&M''', '''A&M''', or '''TAMU''') is a [[public university|public]] [[Land-grant university|land-grant]] [[research university]] in [[College Station, Texas]]. It was founded in 1876 and became the [[flagship institution]] of the [[Texas A&M University System]] in 1948. {{As of|2021}}, Texas A&M's student body is the [[List of United States university campuses by enrollment|largest in the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2021/10/20/record-enrollment-numbers-continue-at-texas-am/|title=Record Enrollment Numbers Continue at Texas A&M|date=October 20, 2021}}</ref> Texas A&M is the only university in Texas to hold simultaneous designations as a [[land-grant university|land]], [[sea grant colleges|sea]], and [[space grant colleges|space grant]] institution. It has projects funded by organizations such as the [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA), the [[National Institutes of Health]], the [[National Science Foundation]], and the [[Office of Naval Research]]. In 2001, Texas A&M was inducted as a member of the [[Association of American Universities]]. The school's students, [[alumnus|alumni]] and sports teams are known as [[Texas A&M Aggies|Aggies]]. The Texas A&M Aggies athletes compete in eighteen varsity sports as a member of the [[Southeastern Conference]]. |
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The first public institution of higher education in Texas, the school opened for classes on October 4, 1876,<ref name="Texas A&M University Fact Sheet">{{cite web|url =http://marcomm.tamu.edu/documents/tamuFacts.pdf|title =Texas A&M University Facts|access-date =September 3, 2008|publisher =Texas A&M University|url-status=dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100610225014/http://marcomm.tamu.edu/documents/tamuFacts.pdf|archive-date =June 10, 2010}}</ref> as the [[History of Texas A&M University|Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas]] (A.M.C.) under the provisions of the [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts]]. It is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<ref name=Carnegie>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup |url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=228723 |publisher=Center for Postsecondary Education |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719094411/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=228723 |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally, the college taught no classes in agriculture, instead concentrating on classical studies, languages, literature, and applied mathematics. After four years, students could attain degrees in scientific agriculture, [[civil engineering|civil]] and mechanical engineering, and language and literature.<ref name="dethloff18">Dethloff, Henry C. (1975). ''A Pictorial History of Texas A&M University, 1876–1976.'' [[College Station, Texas]]: Texas A&M University Press, p 18.</ref> Under the leadership of President [[James Earl Rudder]] in the 1960s, A.M.C. [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregated]], became coeducational, and dropped the requirement for participation in the [[Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets|Texas A&M Corps of Cadets]]. To reflect the institution's expanded roles and academic offerings, the [[Texas Legislature]] renamed the school to Texas A&M University in 1963. The letters "A&M", originally A.M.C. and short for "Agricultural and Mechanical College", are retained as a tribute to the university's former designation. |
The first public institution of higher education in Texas, the school opened for classes on October 4, 1876,<ref name="Texas A&M University Fact Sheet">{{cite web|url =http://marcomm.tamu.edu/documents/tamuFacts.pdf|title =Texas A&M University Facts|access-date =September 3, 2008|publisher =Texas A&M University|url-status=dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100610225014/http://marcomm.tamu.edu/documents/tamuFacts.pdf|archive-date =June 10, 2010}}</ref> as the [[History of Texas A&M University|Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas]] (A.M.C.) under the provisions of the [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts]]. It is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<ref name=Carnegie>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup |url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=228723 |publisher=Center for Postsecondary Education |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719094411/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=228723 |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally, the college taught no classes in agriculture, instead concentrating on classical studies, languages, literature, and applied mathematics. After four years, students could attain degrees in scientific agriculture, [[civil engineering|civil]] and mechanical engineering, and language and literature.<ref name="dethloff18">Dethloff, Henry C. (1975). ''A Pictorial History of Texas A&M University, 1876–1976.'' [[College Station, Texas]]: Texas A&M University Press, p 18.</ref> Under the leadership of President [[James Earl Rudder]] in the 1960s, A.M.C. [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregated]], became coeducational, and dropped the requirement for participation in the [[Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets|Texas A&M Corps of Cadets]]. To reflect the institution's expanded roles and academic offerings, the [[Texas Legislature]] renamed the school to Texas A&M University in 1963. The letters "A&M", originally A.M.C. and short for "Agricultural and Mechanical College", are retained as a tribute to the university's former designation. |
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The main campus is one of the ten largest in the United States, spanning {{convert|5200|acre|km2|0|sp=us}},<ref name="TAMUCatalog">{{cite web|url=http://catalog.tamu.edu/09-10_ug_catalog/gen_info/history_development/history.htm|title=History and Development|access-date=March 4, 2015|publisher=Texas A&M University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008163034/http://catalog.tamu.edu/09-10_UG_Catalog/gen_info/history_development/history.htm|archive-date=October 8, 2013}}</ref><ref name=JJones>Jones, Jennifer (November 21, 2019) [https://largest.org/structures/college-campus-usa/ "10 Largest College Campuses in the United States"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205014927/https://largest.org/structures/college-campus-usa/ |date=December 5, 2020 }} Largest.org</ref><ref name="TAMUfacts"/> and is home to the [[George Bush Presidential Library]]. About one-fifth of the student body lives on campus. Texas A&M has more than 1,000 officially recognized student organizations. Many students also observe various [[Traditions of Texas A&M University|university traditions]] which govern conduct in daily life and sporting events. The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 10 colleges and houses |
The main campus is one of the ten largest in the United States, spanning {{convert|5200|acre|km2|0|sp=us}},<ref name="TAMUCatalog">{{cite web|url=http://catalog.tamu.edu/09-10_ug_catalog/gen_info/history_development/history.htm|title=History and Development|access-date=March 4, 2015|publisher=Texas A&M University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008163034/http://catalog.tamu.edu/09-10_UG_Catalog/gen_info/history_development/history.htm|archive-date=October 8, 2013}}</ref><ref name=JJones>Jones, Jennifer (November 21, 2019) [https://largest.org/structures/college-campus-usa/ "10 Largest College Campuses in the United States"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205014927/https://largest.org/structures/college-campus-usa/ |date=December 5, 2020 }} Largest.org</ref><ref name="TAMUfacts"/> and is home to the [[George Bush Presidential Library]]. About one-fifth of the student body lives on campus. Texas A&M has more than 1,000 officially recognized student organizations. Many students also observe various [[Traditions of Texas A&M University|university traditions]] which govern conduct in daily life and sporting events. The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 10 colleges and houses eighteen research institutes. As a [[United States Senior Military College|Senior Military College]], Texas A&M is one of six American public universities with a full-time, volunteer [[Cadet Corps|Corps of Cadets]] who study alongside civilian undergraduate students.<ref name="cadetsconservative"/> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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On July 1, 1959, [[Major General]] [[James Earl Rudder]], class of 1932, became the 16th president of the college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archon.library.tamu.edu/?p=collections/findingaid&id=384&q=&rootcontentid=5838|title=James Earl Rudder '32 Collection, 1918–2001 ||publisher=Cushing Library|access-date=October 19, 2021|archive-date=September 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928160913/https://archon.library.tamu.edu/?p=collections%2Ffindingaid&id=384&q=&rootcontentid=5838|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dethloff184">{{Cite book |last=Dethloff |first=Henry C. |title=A Pictorial History of Texas A&M University, 1876–1976 |location=[[College Station, Texas]] |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=1975 |page=184}}</ref> With the backing of [[Texas State Senate|State Senator]] [[William T. Moore (Texas politician)|William T. "Bill" Moore]], also known as "the Bull of the Brazos" and "the father of the modern Texas A&M University",<ref>Borden, Robert C. "Bull of the Brazos dies: Moore was champion of Texas A&M" ''[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]]'', May 28, 1999, pp. 1–3</ref> in 1963, the 58th [[Legislature of Texas]] approved Rudder's proposal for a substantial expansion in its physical plant construction, facilities upgrades, diversifying and expanding its student body by admitting women and minorities and making membership in the Corps of Cadets voluntary. The legislature also officially renamed the school "Texas A&M University"<ref name="rudder"/> specifying that the "A" and the "M" were purely symbolic, reflecting the school's past, and no longer stood for "Agricultural and Mechanical".<ref name="handbook"/> By his death in 1970, Rudder had overseen the growth of the school from 7,500 to 14,000 students from all 50 states and 75 nations.<ref name="rudder">{{cite web |last=Ferrell |first=Christopher |title=Rudder's influence is evident on campus |work=[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]] |location=Bryan-College Station |date=n.d. |url=http://archive.theeagle.com/aandmnews/anniversary/1rudderbio.htm |access-date=June 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908021731/http://archive.theeagle.com/aandmnews/anniversary/1rudderbio.htm |archive-date=September 8, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Bean, Christopher B. "James Earl Rudder and the Transformation of Texas A&M University" ''Journal of South Texas'' (Fall 2008), Vol. 21 Issue 2, pp 119–31</ref> |
On July 1, 1959, [[Major General]] [[James Earl Rudder]], class of 1932, became the 16th president of the college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archon.library.tamu.edu/?p=collections/findingaid&id=384&q=&rootcontentid=5838|title=James Earl Rudder '32 Collection, 1918–2001 ||publisher=Cushing Library|access-date=October 19, 2021|archive-date=September 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928160913/https://archon.library.tamu.edu/?p=collections%2Ffindingaid&id=384&q=&rootcontentid=5838|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dethloff184">{{Cite book |last=Dethloff |first=Henry C. |title=A Pictorial History of Texas A&M University, 1876–1976 |location=[[College Station, Texas]] |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=1975 |page=184}}</ref> With the backing of [[Texas State Senate|State Senator]] [[William T. Moore (Texas politician)|William T. "Bill" Moore]], also known as "the Bull of the Brazos" and "the father of the modern Texas A&M University",<ref>Borden, Robert C. "Bull of the Brazos dies: Moore was champion of Texas A&M" ''[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]]'', May 28, 1999, pp. 1–3</ref> in 1963, the 58th [[Legislature of Texas]] approved Rudder's proposal for a substantial expansion in its physical plant construction, facilities upgrades, diversifying and expanding its student body by admitting women and minorities and making membership in the Corps of Cadets voluntary. The legislature also officially renamed the school "Texas A&M University"<ref name="rudder"/> specifying that the "A" and the "M" were purely symbolic, reflecting the school's past, and no longer stood for "Agricultural and Mechanical".<ref name="handbook"/> By his death in 1970, Rudder had overseen the growth of the school from 7,500 to 14,000 students from all 50 states and 75 nations.<ref name="rudder">{{cite web |last=Ferrell |first=Christopher |title=Rudder's influence is evident on campus |work=[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]] |location=Bryan-College Station |date=n.d. |url=http://archive.theeagle.com/aandmnews/anniversary/1rudderbio.htm |access-date=June 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908021731/http://archive.theeagle.com/aandmnews/anniversary/1rudderbio.htm |archive-date=September 8, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Bean, Christopher B. "James Earl Rudder and the Transformation of Texas A&M University" ''Journal of South Texas'' (Fall 2008), Vol. 21 Issue 2, pp 119–31</ref> |
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In the following 35 years, Texas A&M more than tripled its enrollment from 14,000 |
In the following 35 years, Texas A&M more than tripled its enrollment from 14,000 students to more than 45,000.<ref name="TAMUfacts">{{cite web |title=About Texas A&M University |publisher=Texas A&M University |url=https://www.tamu.edu/about/ |access-date=February 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118020311/http://www.tamu.edu/about/ |archive-date=January 18, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Texas A&M became one of the first four universities given the designation [[sea-grant university|sea-grant]] for its achievements in [[oceanography]] and marine resources development in 1971. In 1989, the university earned the title [[space-grant college|space-grant]] by [[NASA]], to recognize its commitment to space research and participation in the Texas Space Grant Consortium.<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Texas A&M University|encyclopedia=Britannica|volume=1|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/589321/Texas-A-M-University|access-date=May 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801062255/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/589321/Texas-A-M-University|archive-date=August 1, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1997, the school became the home of the [[George Bush Presidential Library]], one of thirteen American [[Presidential library|presidential libraries]] operated by the [[National Archives and Records Administration]].<ref name="bushlibrary">{{Cite web|url=http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu|title=Bush Library|publisher=George Bush Presidential Library and Museum|access-date=April 21, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427205622/http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/|archive-date=April 27, 2007}}</ref><ref name="bushlibopens">{{Cite news|title=George Bush Presidential Library and Museum Opens|publisher=[[NARA]]|date=January 1998|url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/record/1998/01/bush.html|access-date=September 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721015157/https://www.archives.gov/publications/record/1998/01/bush.html|archive-date=July 21, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Former President [[George H.W. Bush|George Bush]] remained actively involved with the university, frequently visiting the campus and participating in special events until his death and burial on school grounds in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2018/12/07/president-george-h-w-bush-buried-at-texas-am-university/|title=President George H.W. Bush Buried at Texas A&M University|date=December 7, 2018|access-date=August 17, 2021|archive-date=August 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817231039/https://today.tamu.edu/2018/12/07/president-george-h-w-bush-buried-at-texas-am-university/|publisher=Texas A&M University|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On November 18, 1999, the [[Aggie Bonfire]], a ninety-year-old student tradition, collapsed during construction. Eleven enrolled students and one former student died and twenty-seven others were injured. The accident was later attributed to improper design and poor construction practices.<ref name="homeland">{{Cite web|last=Cook|first=John Lee, Jr.|title=Bonfire Collapse|publisher=[[U.S. Department of Homeland Security]]|url=http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-133.pdf|access-date=March 3, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917170255/http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-133.pdf|archive-date=September 17, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The victims' family members filed six lawsuits against Texas A&M officials, the Aggie Bonfire officials and the university. Half of the defendants settled their portion of the case in 2005,<ref name="kapitan">{{Cite news |last=Kapitan |first=Craig |title=Bonfire case under scrutiny by court |newspaper=[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]] |location=Bryan-College Station |date=September 3, 2006 |url=http://archive.theeagle.com/stories/090306/am_20060903005.php |access-date=April 2, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411222254/http://archive.theeagle.com/stories/090306/am_20060903005.php |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a federal appeals court dismissed the remaining lawsuits against the university in 2007.<ref name="vanderwerf">{{Cite news |last=Van Der Werf |first=Martin |title=Appeals Court Upholds Dismissal of Lawsuits Over Texas A&M Bonfire Accident |newspaper=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]] |date=April 25, 2007 |url=http://chronicle.com/news/article/2169/appeals-court-upholds-dismissal-of-lawsuits-over-texas-am-bonfire-accident |access-date=May 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180559/http://chronicle.com/news/article/2169/appeals-court-upholds-dismissal-of-lawsuits-over-texas-am-bonfire-accident |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
On November 18, 1999, the [[Aggie Bonfire]], a ninety-year-old student tradition, collapsed during construction. Eleven enrolled students and one former student died and twenty-seven others were injured. The accident was later attributed to improper design and poor construction practices.<ref name="homeland">{{Cite web|last=Cook|first=John Lee, Jr.|title=Bonfire Collapse|publisher=[[U.S. Department of Homeland Security]]|url=http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-133.pdf|access-date=March 3, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917170255/http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-133.pdf|archive-date=September 17, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The victims' family members filed six lawsuits against Texas A&M officials, the Aggie Bonfire officials and the university. Half of the defendants settled their portion of the case in 2005,<ref name="kapitan">{{Cite news |last=Kapitan |first=Craig |title=Bonfire case under scrutiny by court |newspaper=[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]] |location=Bryan-College Station |date=September 3, 2006 |url=http://archive.theeagle.com/stories/090306/am_20060903005.php |access-date=April 2, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411222254/http://archive.theeagle.com/stories/090306/am_20060903005.php |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a federal appeals court dismissed the remaining lawsuits against the university in 2007.<ref name="vanderwerf">{{Cite news |last=Van Der Werf |first=Martin |title=Appeals Court Upholds Dismissal of Lawsuits Over Texas A&M Bonfire Accident |newspaper=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]] |date=April 25, 2007 |url=http://chronicle.com/news/article/2169/appeals-court-upholds-dismissal-of-lawsuits-over-texas-am-bonfire-accident |access-date=May 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180559/http://chronicle.com/news/article/2169/appeals-court-upholds-dismissal-of-lawsuits-over-texas-am-bonfire-accident |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==Academics== |
==Academics== |
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[[File:Bush Family Texas A&M Commencement Dec. 12, 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Then-President [[George W. Bush]] |
[[File:Bush Family Texas A&M Commencement Dec. 12, 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Then-President [[George W. Bush]] with parents, former President [[George H. W. Bush]] and former First Lady [[Barbara Bush]] at Texas A&M's December 2008 [[convocation]].|alt=The head and shoulders of three people – an older man, an older woman, and a middle-aged man – wearing formal robes are shown in front of a large circular seal. On the outer edges of the seal the letters "XAS A...IVERSITY...87..." are visible; an inner band of leaves separates the letters from a block T superimposed with a star.]] |
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===Administration and organization=== |
===Administration and organization=== |
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{{Infobox U.S. college admissions |
{{Infobox U.S. college admissions |
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|year = 2021<!-- Comparison year is automatically set to five years prior --> |
|year = 2021<!-- Comparison year is automatically set to five years prior --> |
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|ref = <ref name="CollegeBoard1"/> |
|ref = <ref name="CollegeBoard1">{{cite web|url=https://dars.tamu.edu/Student/files/CDS_2020-2021.aspx|title=Student Body|publisher=Texas A&M University|access-date=November 23, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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|change ref = <ref name=2016data>https://dars.tamu.edu/Data-and-Reports/Student/files/CDS_2015-2016.aspx</ref> <!--Should be 5 years prior--> |
|change ref = <ref name=2016data>https://dars.tamu.edu/Data-and-Reports/Student/files/CDS_2015-2016.aspx</ref> <!--Should be 5 years prior--> |
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|admit rate = 63.0% |
|admit rate = 63.0% |
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In the fall of 2021 [[semester]], Texas A&M was the largest public [[List of largest U.S. universities by enrollment|American university]] with an enrollment of 72,982 students<ref name=totalstuds>{{Cite web|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2021/08/31/texas-am-reports-first-day-enrollment-totals/|title=Texas A&M Reports Fall 2021 Enrollment|date=August 31, 2021|website=Texas A&M Today|language=en-US|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913164728/https://today.tamu.edu/2021/08/31/texas-am-reports-first-day-enrollment-totals/|url-status=live}}</ref> pursuing degrees in 10 academic colleges. The student body includes students from all 50 US states and 124 foreign countries. As of the fall of 2018, Texas residents account for 85.00% of the student population, while 8.74% are of international origin. As of 2021, the demographics of the student body are 52.9% male and 47.1% female.<ref name=Demographics>https://accountability.tamu.edu/All-Metrics/Mixed-Metrics/Student-Demographics</ref> Members of ethnic [[minority groups]] make up 42.2% of the student population (22.4% Hispanic, 8.8% Asian, 7.2% international, 3.4% black, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, and 3.4% undetermined.).<ref name=Demographics/> The student body consists of 46.8% women and 53.2% men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://accountability.tamu.edu/All-Metrics/Mixed-Metrics/Student-Demographics|title=Student Demographics|website=Texas A&M University – Accountability|access-date=February 11, 2020|archive-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214165146/http://accountability.tamu.edu/All-Metrics/Mixed-Metrics/Student-Demographics|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the US News and World Report, Texas A&M has a student teacher ratio of 19:1, and an average freshmen retention rate of 92% percent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas A&M University Academics|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366/academics|url-status=live|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=Best Colleges US News and World Report Rankings}}</ref> The institution self reports, that in 2019, the school had a four-year graduation rate of 59% and a six-year graduation of 81.7%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webb|first=Brandon|date=November 14, 2019|title=Retention And Graduation Rates Climb At Texas A&M|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2019/11/14/retention-and-graduation-rates-climb-at-texas-am/|url-status=live|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=Texas A&M Today}}</ref> |
In the fall of 2021 [[semester]], Texas A&M was the largest public [[List of largest U.S. universities by enrollment|American university]] with an enrollment of 72,982 students<ref name=totalstuds>{{Cite web|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2021/08/31/texas-am-reports-first-day-enrollment-totals/|title=Texas A&M Reports Fall 2021 Enrollment|date=August 31, 2021|website=Texas A&M Today|language=en-US|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913164728/https://today.tamu.edu/2021/08/31/texas-am-reports-first-day-enrollment-totals/|url-status=live}}</ref> pursuing degrees in 10 academic colleges. The student body includes students from all 50 US states and 124 foreign countries. As of the fall of 2018, Texas residents account for 85.00% of the student population, while 8.74% are of international origin. As of 2021, the demographics of the student body are 52.9% male and 47.1% female.<ref name=Demographics>https://accountability.tamu.edu/All-Metrics/Mixed-Metrics/Student-Demographics</ref> Members of ethnic [[minority groups]] make up 42.2% of the student population (22.4% Hispanic, 8.8% Asian, 7.2% international, 3.4% black, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, and 3.4% undetermined.).<ref name=Demographics/> The student body consists of 46.8% women and 53.2% men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://accountability.tamu.edu/All-Metrics/Mixed-Metrics/Student-Demographics|title=Student Demographics|website=Texas A&M University – Accountability|access-date=February 11, 2020|archive-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214165146/http://accountability.tamu.edu/All-Metrics/Mixed-Metrics/Student-Demographics|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the US News and World Report, Texas A&M has a student teacher ratio of 19:1, and an average freshmen retention rate of 92% percent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas A&M University Academics|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366/academics|url-status=live|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=Best Colleges US News and World Report Rankings}}</ref> The institution self reports, that in 2019, the school had a four-year graduation rate of 59% and a six-year graduation of 81.7%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webb|first=Brandon|date=November 14, 2019|title=Retention And Graduation Rates Climb At Texas A&M|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2019/11/14/retention-and-graduation-rates-climb-at-texas-am/|url-status=live|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=Texas A&M Today}}</ref> |
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As of 2019, the university enrolled the seventh highest total of [[National Merit]] scholars in the United State and third among all public universities.<ref name="NationalMerit">{{Cite web|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2019/03/14/texas-am-ranked-no-1-in-texas-for-national-merit-scholar-enrollment/|title=Texas A&M Ranked No. 1 in Texas for National Merit Scholar Enrollment|date=March 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>https://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/images/gid2/editor_documents/annual_report.pdf?gid=2&pgid=61</ref> |
As of 2019, the university enrolled the seventh highest total of [[National Merit]] scholars in the United State and third among all public universities.<ref name="NationalMerit">{{Cite web|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2019/03/14/texas-am-ranked-no-1-in-texas-for-national-merit-scholar-enrollment/|title=Texas A&M Ranked No. 1 in Texas for National Merit Scholar Enrollment|date=March 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>https://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/images/gid2/editor_documents/annual_report.pdf?gid=2&pgid=61</ref> As of 2021, about 79% of the student body receives about $810 million in financial aid annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tamug.edu/finaid/|title=Financial Solutions for Your Education|publisher=Texas A&M University|access-date=November 23, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The admission rate for students who applied as undergraduates in 2020 was 63%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366/applying |title=Texas A&M University—College Station – Texas A&M College Station – Best College – US News |access-date=September 21, 2014 |url-status=live |publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |archive-date=September 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913030336/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366/applying }}</ref> The school is rated as "selective" by US News & World Report.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366 |title=Texas A&M University—College Station – Texas A&M College Station – Best College – US News |access-date=September 14, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908040651/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366 |archive-date=September 8, 2014|publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref> |
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In the fall 2021 semester, the [[Dwight Look College of Engineering]] had the largest enrollment of 29.6%. The College of Liberal Arts and the [[Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences|College of Agriculture and Life Sciences]] followed, enrolling 12% and 11% of the student body, respectively. The College of Education and Human Development and [[Mays Business School]] each enrolled 9%. The [[Texas A&M College of Science|College of Science]] enrolled 6% of the students and the remaining schools enrolled less than 5% each. In addition, slightly more than 3% of the student body had not declared a major.<ref name="TAMU_Accuntability">{{cite web|url=https://accountability.tamu.edu/All-Metrics/Mixed-Metrics/Student-Enrollment-by-College|title=Student Enrollment by College|access-date=November 22, 2021|publisher=Texas A&M University|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In the fall 2021 semester, the [[Dwight Look College of Engineering]] had the largest enrollment of 29.6%. The College of Liberal Arts and the [[Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences|College of Agriculture and Life Sciences]] followed, enrolling 12% and 11% of the student body, respectively. The College of Education and Human Development and [[Mays Business School]] each enrolled 9%. The [[Texas A&M College of Science|College of Science]] enrolled 6% of the students and the remaining schools enrolled less than 5% each. In addition, slightly more than 3% of the student body had not declared a major.<ref name="TAMU_Accuntability">{{cite web|url=https://accountability.tamu.edu/All-Metrics/Mixed-Metrics/Student-Enrollment-by-College|title=Student Enrollment by College|access-date=November 22, 2021|publisher=Texas A&M University|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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| USNWR_W = 130 |
| USNWR_W = 130 |
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| Wamo_NU = 21 |
| Wamo_NU = 21 |
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}} |
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}}<!--WSJ reference: https://www.wsj.com/articles/best-colleges-2021-explore-the-full-wsj-the-college-ranking-list-11600383830Best Colleges 2021: Explore the Full WSJ/THE College Ranking List. Forbes Ref: https://www.forbes.com/colleges/texas-a-m-university/?sh=72fd1dc02abd --> |
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In a comparison of educational quality, faculty quality, and research output, [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]] ranked Texas A&M 57th nationally and 151st internationally in its 2021 rankings.<ref name="shanghai">{{cite web|url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2021|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2021|access-date=September 13, 2021|publisher=Shanghai Jiao Tong University|url-status=live|archive-date=September 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909134534/http://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2021}}</ref> In its 2021–2022 rankings, ''[[The Times Higher Education Supplement]]'' listed Texas A&M 61st among North America's universities, and 193rd among world universities.<ref name="THES">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/name/Texas%20A&M/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats|title=World University Rankings 2022|access-date=September 13, 2021|magazine=[[Times Higher Education|THES]]|url-status=live|archive-date=September 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909233054/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/name/Texas%20A&M/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats}}</ref> The 2021–2022 [[QS World University Rankings]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2022 |title=QS World University Rankings |publisher=Top Universities |access-date=September 13, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918163456/https://https//www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2022 }}</ref> placed the university 168th overall in the world. In its 2022 edition, the Center for World University Rankings ranked Texas A&M as the 74th university globally and 41st university nationally.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cwur.org/2021-22.php |title=GLOBAL 2000 LIST BY THE CENTER FOR WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS |publisher=Center for World University Rankings |access-date=September 13, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618114255/https://cwur.org/2021-22.php }}</ref> In the 2022 edition of the ''[[U.S. News and World Report]]'' ranking of "national universities", the school was placed 68th nationally and 130th globally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366|title=Texas A&M University—College Station|website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|url-status=live|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-date=August 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806225102/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/texas-am-university-college-station-228723|title=Texas A&M University—College Station|website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|url-status=live|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-date=October 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019161105/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/texas-am-university-college-station-228723}}</ref> |
In a comparison of educational quality, faculty quality, and research output, [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]] ranked Texas A&M 57th nationally and 151st internationally in its 2021 rankings.<ref name="shanghai">{{cite web|url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2021|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2021|access-date=September 13, 2021|publisher=Shanghai Jiao Tong University|url-status=live|archive-date=September 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909134534/http://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2021}}</ref> In its 2021–2022 rankings, ''[[The Times Higher Education Supplement]]'' listed Texas A&M 61st among North America's universities, and 193rd among world universities.<ref name="THES">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/name/Texas%20A&M/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats|title=World University Rankings 2022|access-date=September 13, 2021|magazine=[[Times Higher Education|THES]]|url-status=live|archive-date=September 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909233054/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/name/Texas%20A&M/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats}}</ref> The 2021–2022 [[QS World University Rankings]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2022 |title=QS World University Rankings |publisher=Top Universities |access-date=September 13, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918163456/https://https//www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2022 }}</ref> placed the university 168th overall in the world. In its 2022 edition, the Center for World University Rankings ranked Texas A&M as the 74th university globally and 41st university nationally.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cwur.org/2021-22.php |title=GLOBAL 2000 LIST BY THE CENTER FOR WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS |publisher=Center for World University Rankings |access-date=September 13, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618114255/https://cwur.org/2021-22.php }}</ref> In the 2022 edition of the ''[[U.S. News and World Report]]'' ranking of "national universities", the school was placed 68th nationally and 130th globally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366|title=Texas A&M University—College Station|website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|url-status=live|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-date=August 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806225102/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/texas-am-university-college-station-10366}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/texas-am-university-college-station-228723|title=Texas A&M University—College Station|website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|url-status=live|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-date=October 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019161105/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/texas-am-university-college-station-228723}}</ref> |
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Texas A&M has an extensive research program in various academic, scientific, and commercial fields and, as of 2017, ranked 19th nationally in research and development spending with total expenditure of $905.5 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rankings by total R&D expenditures |url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |website=ncsesdata.nsf.gov |publisher=[[National Science Foundation]] |access-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-date=January 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113144205/https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |url-status=live }}</ref> Concentrated in two primary areas, Research Valley and Research Park, the school has over {{convert|11750|acre|km2|-1|sp=us}} with {{convert|3000000|sqft|m2|-3|sp=us}} of dedicated research space.<ref name="ResearchPark">{{cite web|url=http://researchpark.tamu.edu/park/frequently-asked-questions-about-research-park.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=January 1, 2007|publisher=Research Park|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104005926/http://researchpark.tamu.edu/park/frequently-asked-questions-about-research-park.html|archive-date=January 4, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> The school is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<ref name=Carnegie/> Among the school's research entities are the [[Texas Institute for Genomic Medicine]], the [[Texas Transportation Institute]], the Cyclotron Institute, the [[Institute of Biosciences and Technology]], and the Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology.<ref name="centers">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M University Centers and Institutes|publisher=Texas A&M University|url=http://researchpark.tamu.edu/centers|access-date=April 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626161321/http://researchpark.tamu.edu/centers|archive-date=June 26, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Texas A&M University is a member of the SEC Academic Consortium.<ref>"University of Arkansas to House SEC Academic Consortium". secsports.com. October 31, 2006. [http://www.secsports.com/the_sec/academic_consortium.aspx Article.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010020000/https://www.secsports.com/the_sec/academic_consortium.aspx |date=October 10, 2021 }} Retrieved June 11, 2010.</ref> |
Texas A&M has an extensive research program in various academic, scientific, and commercial fields and, as of 2017, ranked 19th nationally in research and development spending with total expenditure of $905.5 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rankings by total R&D expenditures |url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |website=ncsesdata.nsf.gov |publisher=[[National Science Foundation]] |access-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-date=January 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113144205/https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |url-status=live }}</ref> Concentrated in two primary areas, Research Valley and Research Park, the school has over {{convert|11750|acre|km2|-1|sp=us}} with {{convert|3000000|sqft|m2|-3|sp=us}} of dedicated research space.<ref name="ResearchPark">{{cite web|url=http://researchpark.tamu.edu/park/frequently-asked-questions-about-research-park.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=January 1, 2007|publisher=Research Park|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104005926/http://researchpark.tamu.edu/park/frequently-asked-questions-about-research-park.html|archive-date=January 4, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> The school is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<ref name=Carnegie/> Among the school's research entities are the [[Texas Institute for Genomic Medicine]], the [[Texas Transportation Institute]], the Cyclotron Institute, the [[Institute of Biosciences and Technology]], and the Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology.<ref name="centers">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M University Centers and Institutes|publisher=Texas A&M University|url=http://researchpark.tamu.edu/centers|access-date=April 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626161321/http://researchpark.tamu.edu/centers|archive-date=June 26, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Texas A&M University is a member of the SEC Academic Consortium.<ref>"University of Arkansas to House SEC Academic Consortium". secsports.com. October 31, 2006. [http://www.secsports.com/the_sec/academic_consortium.aspx Article.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010020000/https://www.secsports.com/the_sec/academic_consortium.aspx |date=October 10, 2021 }} Retrieved June 11, 2010.</ref> |
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Texas A&M works with |
Texas A&M works with state and university agencies on various local and international research projects to develop innovations in science and technology that can have commercial applications. The Texas A&M University System, in 2006, was the first to explicitly state in its policy that technology commercialization was a criterion that could be used for [[tenure]]. Passage of this policy was intended to give faculty more academic freedom and strengthen the university's industry partnerships.<ref name="tenure1">{{cite press release|title=Regents Approve Patents and Commercialization of Research as New Consideration for Faculty Tenure|publisher=The Texas A&M University System|date=May 26, 2006|url=http://sago-news.tamu.edu/releases/?p=166|access-date=April 11, 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070506005421/http://sago-news.tamu.edu/releases/?p=166 |archive-date = May 6, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="tenure2">{{cite web|last=Butkus|first=Ben|title=Texas A&M's Use of Tech Commercialization As Basis for Awarding Tenure Gains Traction|publisher=Applied Biosystems|date=August 6, 2007|url=http://www.genomeweb.com/biotechtransferweek/texas-am%E2%80%99s-use-tech-commercialization-basis-awarding-tenure-gains-traction|access-date=April 11, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917114938/http://www.genomeweb.com/biotechtransferweek/texas-am%E2%80%99s-use-tech-commercialization-basis-awarding-tenure-gains-traction|archive-date=September 17, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The efforts of system-wide faculty and research departments have yielded millions of dollars for the school in royalty-bearing license agreements through more than 900 patents and 1500 patent applications relating to a portfolio of over 2600 inventions. On average, Texas A&M files a patent every week and closes a license agreement every other week.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://senate.texas.gov/cmtes/80/c535/Texas_A%26M_OTC_Background.pdf |title=Texas A&M University System Office of Technology Commercialization |website=senate.texas.gov |access-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004141424/https://senate.texas.gov/cmtes/80/c535/Texas_A%26M_OTC_Background.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Profile">{{cite press release |url=http://vpr.tamu.edu/advance/2005/05_profile.pdf |title=Profile on Research and Graduate Studies|access-date=January 1, 2007 |year=2005 |publisher=Texas A&M University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614073424/http://vpr.tamu.edu/advance/2005/05_profile.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2007}}</ref> |
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Texas A&M has led the world in several fields of cloning research. Spearheaded by the [[Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences|College of Veterinary Medicine]], Texas A&M scientists created the first cloned pet, a [[domestic cat|cat]] named 'cc', on December 22, 2001.<ref name="ClonedCat">{{cite news|title=First pet clone is a cat|work=[[BBC News]]|date=February 15, 2002|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1820749.stm|access-date=April 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508141657/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1820749.stm|archive-date=May 8, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Texas A&M was also the first academic institution to [[cloning|clone]] six different species: cattle, a [[Boer goat]],<!-- Boer should be capitalized, do not change --> pigs, a cat, a deer and a horse.<ref name="ABC_News">{{cite news|last=Lozano |first=Juan A. |title=Texas A&M Cloning project raises questions still |newspaper=[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]]|date=June 27, 2009 |url=http://209.189.226.235/stories/062705/am_20050627004.php |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907071839/http://209.189.226.235/stories/062705/am_20050627004.php |archive-date=September 7, 2009 }}</ref> In 2016, the university was targeted by animal rights group [[PETA]], who alleged abusive experiments on dogs. Texas A&M responded that a video had been posted by PETA with insufficient context, and it said that the dogs had a genetic condition that also affects humans — [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]] — for which there is no cure. "The dogs — who are already affected by this disease — are treated with the utmost respect and exceptional care on site by board-certified veterinarians and highly trained staff. The care team is further subject to scientific oversight by agencies such as the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) and the [[Muscular Dystrophy Association]], among other regulatory bodies."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/news/disturbing-footage-shows-aandm-dogs-used-in-medical-research-updated-9012763|title=Disturbing Footage Shows A&M Dogs Used in Medical Research [UPDATED]|first=Craig|last=Malisow|date=December 9, 2016|website=Houstonpress.com|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628233818/http://www.houstonpress.com/news/disturbing-footage-shows-aandm-dogs-used-in-medical-research-updated-9012763|archive-date=June 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/Texas-AM-responds-to-PETA-video-featuring-dogs-used-in-medical-research-406097505.html|title=Texas A&M responds to PETA video showing dogs used for medical research|first=Rusty|last=Surette|website=Kbtx.com|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628234155/http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/Texas-AM-responds-to-PETA-video-featuring-dogs-used-in-medical-research-406097505.html|archive-date=June 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
Texas A&M has led the world in several fields of cloning research. Spearheaded by the [[Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences|College of Veterinary Medicine]], Texas A&M scientists created the first cloned pet, a [[domestic cat|cat]] named 'cc', on December 22, 2001.<ref name="ClonedCat">{{cite news|title=First pet clone is a cat|work=[[BBC News]]|date=February 15, 2002|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1820749.stm|access-date=April 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508141657/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1820749.stm|archive-date=May 8, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Texas A&M was also the first academic institution to [[cloning|clone]] six different species: cattle, a [[Boer goat]],<!-- Boer should be capitalized, do not change --> pigs, a cat, a deer and a horse.<ref name="ABC_News">{{cite news|last=Lozano |first=Juan A. |title=Texas A&M Cloning project raises questions still |newspaper=[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]]|date=June 27, 2009 |url=http://209.189.226.235/stories/062705/am_20050627004.php |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907071839/http://209.189.226.235/stories/062705/am_20050627004.php |archive-date=September 7, 2009 }}</ref> In 2016, the university was targeted by animal rights group [[PETA]], who alleged abusive experiments on dogs. Texas A&M responded that a video had been posted by PETA with insufficient context, and it said that the dogs had a genetic condition that also affects humans — [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]] — for which there is no cure. "The dogs — who are already affected by this disease — are treated with the utmost respect and exceptional care on site by board-certified veterinarians and highly trained staff. The care team is further subject to scientific oversight by agencies such as the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) and the [[Muscular Dystrophy Association]], among other regulatory bodies."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/news/disturbing-footage-shows-aandm-dogs-used-in-medical-research-updated-9012763|title=Disturbing Footage Shows A&M Dogs Used in Medical Research [UPDATED]|first=Craig|last=Malisow|date=December 9, 2016|website=Houstonpress.com|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628233818/http://www.houstonpress.com/news/disturbing-footage-shows-aandm-dogs-used-in-medical-research-updated-9012763|archive-date=June 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/Texas-AM-responds-to-PETA-video-featuring-dogs-used-in-medical-research-406097505.html|title=Texas A&M responds to PETA video showing dogs used for medical research|first=Rusty|last=Surette|website=Kbtx.com|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628234155/http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/Texas-AM-responds-to-PETA-video-featuring-dogs-used-in-medical-research-406097505.html|archive-date=June 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Northside consists of seventeen student residence halls, including the three university honors halls.<ref name="northside">{{cite web|title=Northside Halls |publisher=Texas A&M University |year=2007 |url=http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/halls/location/northside.asp |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522080144/http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/halls/location/northside.asp |archive-date=May 22, 2007}}</ref> Approximately half of the residence halls located on Southside are reserved for members of the [[Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets|Corps of Cadets]].<ref name="commons">{{cite web|title=Residence Halls by Style — Commons |publisher=Texas A&M University |year=2007 |url=http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/halls/style/commons.asp |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504165431/http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/halls/style/commons.asp |archive-date=May 4, 2007}}</ref> Southside has two Learning Living Communities, which allow freshmen to live in a cluster with other students who share common interests.<ref name="lllc">{{cite web|title=Leadership Living Learning Communities |publisher=Texas A&M University Department of Residence Life |url=http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/llc/ |access-date=May 22, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608053754/http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/llc/ |archive-date=June 8, 2007}}</ref> The school also has four major Apartment Building complexes for both staff and students both on and adjacent to the campus.<ref name="near campus">{{cite web |title=Near Campus Apartments |publisher=Texas A&M University Department of Residence Life |url=https://reslife.tamu.edu/options/near-campus/ |access-date=July 30, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019161056/https://reslife.tamu.edu/options/near-campus/ }}</ref><ref name="on campus apt">{{cite web |title=Apartments |publisher=Texas A&M University Department of Residence Life |url=https://reslife.tamu.edu/options/apartments/ |access-date=July 30, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=July 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730225107/https://reslife.tamu.edu/options/apartments/ }}</ref> |
Northside consists of seventeen student residence halls, including the three university honors halls.<ref name="northside">{{cite web|title=Northside Halls |publisher=Texas A&M University |year=2007 |url=http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/halls/location/northside.asp |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522080144/http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/halls/location/northside.asp |archive-date=May 22, 2007}}</ref> Approximately half of the residence halls located on Southside are reserved for members of the [[Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets|Corps of Cadets]].<ref name="commons">{{cite web|title=Residence Halls by Style — Commons |publisher=Texas A&M University |year=2007 |url=http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/halls/style/commons.asp |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504165431/http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/halls/style/commons.asp |archive-date=May 4, 2007}}</ref> Southside has two Learning Living Communities, which allow freshmen to live in a cluster with other students who share common interests.<ref name="lllc">{{cite web|title=Leadership Living Learning Communities |publisher=Texas A&M University Department of Residence Life |url=http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/llc/ |access-date=May 22, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608053754/http://reslife.tamu.edu/housing/llc/ |archive-date=June 8, 2007}}</ref> The school also has four major Apartment Building complexes for both staff and students both on and adjacent to the campus.<ref name="near campus">{{cite web |title=Near Campus Apartments |publisher=Texas A&M University Department of Residence Life |url=https://reslife.tamu.edu/options/near-campus/ |access-date=July 30, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019161056/https://reslife.tamu.edu/options/near-campus/ }}</ref><ref name="on campus apt">{{cite web |title=Apartments |publisher=Texas A&M University Department of Residence Life |url=https://reslife.tamu.edu/options/apartments/ |access-date=July 30, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=July 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730225107/https://reslife.tamu.edu/options/apartments/ }}</ref> |
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Facilities for the Corps of Cadets are located in the Quadrangle, or [[List of Texas Aggie terms#Q|"The Quad"]], an area consisting of dormitories, Duncan Dining Hall, and the Corps training fields.<ref name="cadethandbook">{{cite web|title=Cadet Resident Handbook |publisher=Texas A&M University |date=May 2006 |url=http://corpshousing.tamu.edu/ |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070426082348/http://corpshousing.tamu.edu/ |archive-date=April 26, 2007}}</ref> The Corps Arches, a series of |
Facilities for the Corps of Cadets are located in the Quadrangle, or [[List of Texas Aggie terms#Q|"The Quad"]], an area consisting of dormitories, Duncan Dining Hall, and the Corps training fields.<ref name="cadethandbook">{{cite web|title=Cadet Resident Handbook |publisher=Texas A&M University |date=May 2006 |url=http://corpshousing.tamu.edu/ |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070426082348/http://corpshousing.tamu.edu/ |archive-date=April 26, 2007}}</ref> The Corps Arches, a series of twelve arches that {{nowrap|"[symbolize]}} the spirit of [[#12th Man|the 12th Man]] of Texas A&M", mark the entrance to the Quadrangle.<ref name="arches">{{cite web|title=Corps Arches- Texas A&M University|publisher=Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets|url=http://tamu.edu/about/attractions/corpsArches.html|access-date=April 5, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304044735/http://www.tamu.edu/about/attractions/corpsArches.html|archive-date=March 4, 2011}}</ref> All cadets, except those who are married or who have had previous military service, must live in the Quad with assigned roommates from the same unit and graduating class. [[Reveille (Texas A&M)|Reveille]], the Aggie [[mascot]], lives with her handlers in the Corps in the Quad.<ref name="cadetresidenthandbook">{{cite web|title=Cadet Resident Handbook |publisher=Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets |url=http://corpshousing.tamu.edu/ |access-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070426082348/http://corpshousing.tamu.edu/ |archive-date=April 26, 2007}}</ref> |
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===Corps of Cadets=== |
===Corps of Cadets=== |
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[[File:Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and members of Texas A&M University's Corps of Cadets.jpg|thumb|[[Robert Gates]] and senior cadets from the Corps of Cadets give the "gig 'em" sign at the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]|alt=Secretary of Defense Robert Gates standing with 5 other people in uniform; all are giving a thumbs up gesture]] |
[[File:Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and members of Texas A&M University's Corps of Cadets.jpg|thumb|[[Robert Gates]] and senior cadets from the Corps of Cadets give the "gig 'em" sign at the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]|alt=Secretary of Defense Robert Gates standing with 5 other people in uniform; all are giving a thumbs up gesture]] |
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Texas A&M is one of six United States [[Senior Military College]]s. |
Texas A&M is one of six United States [[Senior Military College]]s. As of 2019, the school's Corps of Cadets (or the Corps) is the largest uniformed student body outside the [[service academy|service academies]] with more than 2500 members.<ref name=CorpsSize>https://www.thebatt.com/opinion/letter-from-the-editor-corps-values-exploring-texas-a-ms-oldest-tradition/article_3e821d2e-3fe7-11e9-a7a3-9f51847ee903.html</ref> Many members participate in [[ROTC]] programs and earn commissions in the [[United States Armed Forces]] upon graduation.<ref name="cadetsconservative"/> Members of the Corps have served in every [[armed conflict]] fought by the United States since 1876. Since 1876, over 285 Aggies have served as generals or [[Flag Officers]], as of 2021.<ref name="cadetsconservative">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/05/13/texas/index.html|title=A&M cadets staunchly conservative|publisher=CNN|access-date=February 18, 2008|date=May 13, 2004|last=Moghe|first=Sonia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210155828/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/05/13/texas/index.html|archive-date=December 10, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2011-title10/html/USCODE-2011-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap103.htm</ref><ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2018-11-30/html/CREC-2018-11-30-pt1-PgE1583-4.htm</ref><ref name=CorpsSize/><ref>https://corpsofcadets.org/flag-officers</ref> Until 1965, Corps membership was mandatory. The Corps welcomed female members in the fall of 1974.<ref name="nauman">{{cite news|last=Nauman|first=Brett|title=Women Joined Corps 30 Years Ago|newspaper=[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]]|date=September 10, 2004|url=http://209.189.226.235/aandmnews/091004womencadets.php|access-date=April 2, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20090907072910/http://209.189.226.235/aandmnews/091004womencadets.php|archive-date=September 7, 2009}}</ref> |
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⚫ | The Corps is composed of three Air Force Wings, three Army Brigades, three Navy and Marine Regiments, as well as the [[Fightin' Texas Aggie Band]], whose members may be affiliated with any military branch.<ref name="corpssize">{{cite web|url=http://corps.tamu.edu/corps-units|title=The Texas A&M Corps of Cadets|publisher=Texas A&M Corps of Cadets|access-date=May 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420212056/http://corps.tamu.edu/corps-units|archive-date=April 20, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Parson's Mounted Cavalry is the only mounted ROTC unit in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catalog.tamu.edu/07-08_UG_Catalog/gen_info/campus_life/corps/corps_activities.htm|title=Campus Life: The Corps Experience|publisher=Texas A&M University|access-date=March 4, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008175556/http://catalog.tamu.edu/07-08_UG_Catalog/gen_info/campus_life/corps/corps_activities.htm|archive-date=October 8, 2013}}</ref> The Ross Volunteer Company, the oldest student-run organization in the state, is the official honor guard for the Governor of Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corps.tamu.edu/special-units|title=Special Units|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets]]|access-date=March 2, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228234205/http://corps.tamu.edu/special-units|archive-date=February 28, 2014}}</ref> The Fish Drill Team, a precision, close-order rifle drill team composed entirely of Corps freshmen, represents the school in local and national competitions. They have won the national championship almost every year since their creation in 1946, and have appeared in several Hollywood productions, with prominent roles in the movies ''[[A Few Good Men (film)|A Few Good Men]]'' and ''[[Courage Under Fire]]''.<ref name="fishdrillteam">{{cite news|last=Nading |first=Tanya |title=Corps Fish Drill Team Reinstated |work=[[The Battalion]] |date=November 2, 2001 |url=http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2001/11/02/FrontPage/Corps.Fish.Drill.Team.Reinstated-516243.shtml |access-date=April 13, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623201555/http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2001/11/02/FrontPage/Corps.Fish.Drill.Team.Reinstated-516243.shtml |archive-date=June 23, 2009 }}</ref> |
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Until 1965, Corps membership was mandatory. The Corps welcomed female members in the fall of 1974.<ref name="nauman">{{cite news|last=Nauman|first=Brett|title=Women Joined Corps 30 Years Ago|newspaper=[[The Bryan-College Station Eagle]]|date=September 10, 2004|url=http://209.189.226.235/aandmnews/091004womencadets.php|access-date=April 2, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20090907072910/http://209.189.226.235/aandmnews/091004womencadets.php|archive-date=September 7, 2009}}</ref> {{as of|2018}}, the co-ed Corps boasted an enrollment of 2500 cadets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armyrotc.tamu.edu/cops-of-cadets/|url-status=live|access-date=August 10, 2021|date=December 18, 2018|title=Texas A&M University Army ROTC|publisher=[[Army ROTC]]|archive-date=August 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810205946/https://armyrotc.tamu.edu/cops-of-cadets/}}</ref> |
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⚫ | The Corps is composed of three Air Force Wings, three Army Brigades, three Navy and Marine Regiments, as well as the [[Fightin' Texas Aggie Band]], whose members may be affiliated with any military branch.<ref name="corpssize">{{cite web|url=http://corps.tamu.edu/corps-units|title=The Texas A&M Corps of Cadets|publisher=Texas A&M Corps of Cadets|access-date=May 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420212056/http://corps.tamu.edu/corps-units|archive-date=April 20, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref |
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The [[Fightin' Texas Aggie Band]], the world's largest precision [[military band|military]] [[marching band]], provides music for University functions and presents halftime performances at football games.<ref>{{cite web|work=corps.tamu.edu|url=http://corps.tamu.edu/fightin-texas-aggie-band|title=Fightin' Texas Aggie Band|access-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301002212/http://corps.tamu.edu/fightin-texas-aggie-band|archive-date=March 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Some band drills are so complicated that they require band members to step between each other's feet to complete the maneuvers.<ref name="steponfeet">{{cite web|url=http://www.aggieband.org/visitors-about.php|title=The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band|publisher=Aggie Band Association|access-date=May 18, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070520072141/http://www.aggieband.org/visitors-about.php |archive-date = May 20, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> These drills must be drawn by hand as computer marching programs return errors without disabling safety features; their calculations require two people to be in the same spot at the same time.<ref name="errorband">{{cite web|url=http://b-batt.tamu.edu/dwnld/040918-jumbo-clem.wmv|title=The Aggie Band: Doing the Impossible|publisher=Former Student's Association|format=WMV|access-date=May 18, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070614135744/http://b-batt.tamu.edu/dwnld/040918-jumbo-clem.wmv |archive-date = June 14, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Corps of Cadets membership is a requirement to join the Aggie Band, and bandsmen live by the same standards, schedules, and regimens as the rest of the Corps.<ref name="Powell">{{cite book|year=1994|author=Powell, Donald B. |author2=Mary Jo Powell|title=The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band (Centennial Series of the Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University)|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-0-89096-595-5}}</ref> |
The [[Fightin' Texas Aggie Band]], the world's largest precision [[military band|military]] [[marching band]], provides music for University functions and presents halftime performances at football games.<ref>{{cite web|work=corps.tamu.edu|url=http://corps.tamu.edu/fightin-texas-aggie-band|title=Fightin' Texas Aggie Band|access-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301002212/http://corps.tamu.edu/fightin-texas-aggie-band|archive-date=March 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Some band drills are so complicated that they require band members to step between each other's feet to complete the maneuvers.<ref name="steponfeet">{{cite web|url=http://www.aggieband.org/visitors-about.php|title=The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band|publisher=Aggie Band Association|access-date=May 18, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070520072141/http://www.aggieband.org/visitors-about.php |archive-date = May 20, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> These drills must be drawn by hand as computer marching programs return errors without disabling safety features; their calculations require two people to be in the same spot at the same time.<ref name="errorband">{{cite web|url=http://b-batt.tamu.edu/dwnld/040918-jumbo-clem.wmv|title=The Aggie Band: Doing the Impossible|publisher=Former Student's Association|format=WMV|access-date=May 18, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070614135744/http://b-batt.tamu.edu/dwnld/040918-jumbo-clem.wmv |archive-date = June 14, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Corps of Cadets membership is a requirement to join the Aggie Band, and bandsmen live by the same standards, schedules, and regimens as the rest of the Corps.<ref name="Powell">{{cite book|year=1994|author=Powell, Donald B. |author2=Mary Jo Powell|title=The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band (Centennial Series of the Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University)|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-0-89096-595-5}}</ref> |
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[[File:2007-SBF.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The 2007 Student Bonfire|alt=Large flames engulf the top layer of a circular three-tier structure of logs; the logs are vertical to the ground.]] |
[[File:2007-SBF.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The 2007 Student Bonfire|alt=Large flames engulf the top layer of a circular three-tier structure of logs; the logs are vertical to the ground.]] |
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Aggie students are called the [[12th Man (football)|12th Man]], meaning in the context of football that the students support the |
Aggie students are called the [[12th Man (football)|12th Man]], meaning in the context of football that the students support the eleven players on the field and would be willing, if it were possible, to enter the game if necessary. To symbolize their "readiness, desire, and enthusiasm", it is traditional for students in attendance to stand throughout the sports game.<ref name="12thMan">{{Cite web|url=http://aggietraditions.tamu.edu/12thman.shtml |title=Twelfth Man |access-date=December 31, 2006 |publisher=Texas A&M University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061229030439/http://aggietraditions.tamu.edu/12thman.shtml |archive-date=December 29, 2006}}</ref> The tradition to stand began on January 2, 1922, at the [[Dixie Classic (bowl game)|Dixie Classic]] where A&M played [[Centre College]]. A&M had so many injuries that [[head coach|Coach]] [[Dana X. Bible]] feared he would not have enough men to finish the game. He called into the stands for [[E. King Gill#History|E. King Gill]], a reserve who had left football after the regular season to play basketball, to prepare to play in the game. A&M won 22–14, but E. King Gill was the only player left available on the sidelines for the Aggies.<ref name="beano">{{cite web|last=Cook|first=Beano|title=Ten Days That Shook the Sport|publisher=[[ESPN]]|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2615391|date=October 8, 2006|access-date=July 26, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210025140/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2615391|archive-date=February 10, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> In recent decades, the 12th Man is represented on the field by a [[Walk-on (sport term)|walk-on]] player who wears the number 12 jersey and participates in kick-offs.<ref name="heater">{{cite news|last=Heater|first=Jay|title=LaMantia A&M's Main 12th Man|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=December 27, 2006|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5761605.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509181413/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5761605.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 9, 2012|access-date=April 30, 2007}}</ref> |
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The 12th Man uses a variety of school yells, rather than cheers, to support Aggie teams. Each year the student body elects five students to serve as the Yell Leaders.<ref name="alvaradoyell">{{Cite news|last=Alvarado |first=Nicole |title=Yell Leaders represent Aggie Spirit past, present, and future |newspaper=[[The Battalion]] |date=April 20, 2007 |url=http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2007/04/20/News/Yell-Leaders.Represent.Aggie.Spirit.Past.Present.And.Future-2870762.shtml |access-date=May 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929110448/http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2007/04/20/News/Yell-Leaders.Represent.Aggie.Spirit.Past.Present.And.Future-2870762.shtml |archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> At midnight before each home football game at Kyle Field, or at a predesignated location at away games, the fans gather together to practice the yells for the next day's game at an event called [[Midnight Yell Practice]].<ref name="hallett"/><ref name="drehs">{{cite web|last=Drehs|first=Wayne|title=Follow the yell leaders!|date=November 26, 2003|publisher=[[ESPN]]|url=http://espn.go.com/page2/s/drehs/031126texasam.html|access-date=June 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704132114/http://espn.go.com/page2/s/drehs/031126texasam.html|archive-date=July 4, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Led by the Yell Leaders and the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band, the 12th Man file practice yells, sing the [[wikisource:Aggie War Hymn|War Hymn]], joke about their opponents, and practice celebrating.<ref name="drehs"/><ref name="mugdown">{{Cite news|last=Haskins|first=Maggie|title=The Perfect Week|newspaper=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=November 4, 2004|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/sioncampus/11/03/perfect1104/|access-date=August 20, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905205047/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/sioncampus/11/03/perfect1104/|archive-date=September 5, 2005|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' named Midnight Yell as one of the "100 Things You Gotta Do Before You Graduate".<ref name="si100">{{cite web|title=The 100 Things You Gotta Do Before You Graduate (Whatever the Cost)|date=September 24, 2003|publisher=SI.Com ([[Sports Illustrated]])|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2003/sioncampus/09/24/100_things0930/|access-date=June 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707120928/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2003/sioncampus/09/24/100_things0930/|archive-date=July 7, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> |
The 12th Man uses a variety of school yells, rather than cheers, to support Aggie teams. Each year the student body elects five students to serve as the Yell Leaders.<ref name="alvaradoyell">{{Cite news|last=Alvarado |first=Nicole |title=Yell Leaders represent Aggie Spirit past, present, and future |newspaper=[[The Battalion]] |date=April 20, 2007 |url=http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2007/04/20/News/Yell-Leaders.Represent.Aggie.Spirit.Past.Present.And.Future-2870762.shtml |access-date=May 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929110448/http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2007/04/20/News/Yell-Leaders.Represent.Aggie.Spirit.Past.Present.And.Future-2870762.shtml |archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> At midnight before each home football game at Kyle Field, or at a predesignated location at away games, the fans gather together to practice the yells for the next day's game at an event called [[Midnight Yell Practice]].<ref name="hallett"/><ref name="drehs">{{cite web|last=Drehs|first=Wayne|title=Follow the yell leaders!|date=November 26, 2003|publisher=[[ESPN]]|url=http://espn.go.com/page2/s/drehs/031126texasam.html|access-date=June 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704132114/http://espn.go.com/page2/s/drehs/031126texasam.html|archive-date=July 4, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Led by the Yell Leaders and the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band, the 12th Man file practice yells, sing the [[wikisource:Aggie War Hymn|War Hymn]], joke about their opponents, and practice celebrating.<ref name="drehs"/><ref name="mugdown">{{Cite news|last=Haskins|first=Maggie|title=The Perfect Week|newspaper=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=November 4, 2004|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/sioncampus/11/03/perfect1104/|access-date=August 20, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905205047/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/sioncampus/11/03/perfect1104/|archive-date=September 5, 2005|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' named Midnight Yell as one of the "100 Things You Gotta Do Before You Graduate".<ref name="si100">{{cite web|title=The 100 Things You Gotta Do Before You Graduate (Whatever the Cost)|date=September 24, 2003|publisher=SI.Com ([[Sports Illustrated]])|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2003/sioncampus/09/24/100_things0930/|access-date=June 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707120928/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2003/sioncampus/09/24/100_things0930/|archive-date=July 7, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Almost every year since 1909, A&M students have built a large bonfire to celebrate their rivalry with the University of Texas.<ref name="smith2007">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=Jonathan M.|year=2007|title=The Texas Aggie Bonfire: A Conservative Reading of Regional Narratives, Traditional Practices, and a Paradoxical Place|pages=182–201|doi=10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00530.x|journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers|volume=97|s2cid=144443161}}</ref> [[Aggie Bonfire]] was traditionally lit around [[Thanksgiving]] in conjunction with the festivities surrounding the annual [[college football]] game between the schools.<ref name="bernstein"/> Although it began as a trash pile,<ref name="as">{{Cite news|title=Vanities of the Bonfire |newspaper=[[American Scientist]] |date=November–December 2000 |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/23826/page/2;jsessionid=aaa5LVFO |access-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624200603/http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/23826/page/2%3Bjsessionid%3Daaa5LVFO |archive-date=June 24, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Aggie Bonfire evolved into a massive six-tiered structure eventually achieving a then-world-record height for a bonfire of {{convert|109|ft|m|-1}}.<ref name="bernstein">{{Cite news|last=Bernstein |first=Alan |title=Aggie Bonfire holds distinction as Texas symbol |newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=November 18, 1999 |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/bonfire/386353.html |access-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225220124/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/bonfire/386353.html |archive-date=December 25, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="WorldRec">{{cite news|url=http://www.salon.com/books/it/1999/12/08/bonfire/index.html|last=Morris|first=Dave|title=Memories of an Aggie bonfire boy |work=[[Salon.com]] |access-date=August 14, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211063748/http://www.salon.com/books/it/1999/12/08/bonfire/index.html |archive-date=February 11, 2007 }}</ref> The collapse of the 1999 structure, causing the deaths of |
Almost every year since 1909, A&M students have built a large bonfire to celebrate their rivalry with the University of Texas.<ref name="smith2007">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=Jonathan M.|year=2007|title=The Texas Aggie Bonfire: A Conservative Reading of Regional Narratives, Traditional Practices, and a Paradoxical Place|pages=182–201|doi=10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00530.x|journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers|volume=97|s2cid=144443161}}</ref> [[Aggie Bonfire]] was traditionally lit around [[Thanksgiving]] in conjunction with the festivities surrounding the annual [[college football]] game between the schools.<ref name="bernstein"/> Although it began as a trash pile,<ref name="as">{{Cite news|title=Vanities of the Bonfire |newspaper=[[American Scientist]] |date=November–December 2000 |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/23826/page/2;jsessionid=aaa5LVFO |access-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624200603/http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/23826/page/2%3Bjsessionid%3Daaa5LVFO |archive-date=June 24, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Aggie Bonfire evolved into a massive six-tiered structure eventually achieving a then-world-record height for a bonfire of {{convert|109|ft|m|-1}}.<ref name="bernstein">{{Cite news|last=Bernstein |first=Alan |title=Aggie Bonfire holds distinction as Texas symbol |newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=November 18, 1999 |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/bonfire/386353.html |access-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225220124/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/bonfire/386353.html |archive-date=December 25, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="WorldRec">{{cite news|url=http://www.salon.com/books/it/1999/12/08/bonfire/index.html|last=Morris|first=Dave|title=Memories of an Aggie bonfire boy |work=[[Salon.com]] |access-date=August 14, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211063748/http://www.salon.com/books/it/1999/12/08/bonfire/index.html |archive-date=February 11, 2007 }}</ref> The collapse of the 1999 structure, causing the deaths of eleven students and a former student, prompted the university to suspend the official sanction of the bonfire, but the tradition continues off-campus.<ref name="milloy">{{Cite news | last = Milloy | first = Ross E. | newspaper = [[The New York Times]] | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E03E5DA113DF936A35751C0A9649C8B63 | date = February 5, 2002 | access-date = March 3, 2007 | title = Southwest: Texas: Aggie President Cancels Bonfire | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071112085122/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E03E5DA113DF936A35751C0A9649C8B63 | archive-date = November 12, 2007 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="badger">{{Cite news|title=Off-campus Texas A&M bonfire brings out thousands |newspaper=[[The Badger Herald]] |url=http://badgerherald.com/news/2002/11/26/offcampus_texas_a_m_.php |date=November 26, 2002 |access-date=March 3, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110225606/http://badgerherald.com/news/2002/11/26/offcampus_texas_a_m_.php |archive-date=November 10, 2007}}</ref> |
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==Athletics== |
==Athletics== |
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[[File:Kyle Field Montana State vs A&M Sept 1 2007.jpg|thumb|A view from the student section of Kyle Field during a 2007 football game|alt=a crowd of people watch a football game at a three-tiered stadium]]<!--This image contains trademarked symbols, and is only being used to illustrate said symbols within context--> |
[[File:Kyle Field Montana State vs A&M Sept 1 2007.jpg|thumb|A view from the student section of Kyle Field during a 2007 football game|alt=a crowd of people watch a football game at a three-tiered stadium]]<!--This image contains trademarked symbols, and is only being used to illustrate said symbols within context--> |
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The Aggies are a member of the [[Southeastern Conference]] of the [[NCAA]] for all sports {{as of|2012|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7019493/texas-officially-gets-accepted-sec |title=Texas A&M Aggies officially get accepted into the SEC |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195616/http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7019493/texas-officially-gets-accepted-sec |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="swconference">{{cite news|title= |
The Aggies are a member of the [[Southeastern Conference]] of the [[NCAA]] for all sports {{as of|2012|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7019493/texas-officially-gets-accepted-sec |title=Texas A&M Aggies officially get accepted into the SEC |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195616/http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7019493/texas-officially-gets-accepted-sec |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="swconference">{{cite news|title=Texas History Highlights: A Look Back at the Southwest Conference|newspaper=[[The Dallas Morning News]]|year=2007|url=https://texasalmanac.com/topics/sports/look-back-southwest-conference|access-date=July 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704123241/https://texasalmanac.com/topics/sports/look-back-southwest-conference|archive-date=July 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> They were previously a charter member of the [[Southwest Conference]] until its dissolution in 1996 and competed in the [[Big 12 Conference]] until June 30, 2012. The school's twenty sports teams are known as the [[Texas A&M Aggies|Aggies]], and the school's colors are maroon and white.<ref name="big12aggies">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M Aggies|publisher=[[Big 12 Conference]]|url=http://www.big12sports.com/schools/tam/big12-tam-body.html|access-date=April 30, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070422143119/http://www.big12sports.com/schools/tam/big12-tam-body.html|archive-date=April 22, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{as of|2021}}, Aggies had earned 173 conference titles and 19 national championships.<ref name="tamuathleticsfacts">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M University Facts: Athletics|publisher=Texas A&M University|url=https://www.tamu.edu/about/facts/athletics.html|url-status=dead|access-date=May 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222182935/http://www.tamu.edu/home/aboutam/amfacts/athleticsfacts.html|archive-date=December 22, 2007}}</ref><ref name=currentathstats>https://www.tamu.edu/about/facts/athletics.html</ref> |
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A&M's [[college rivalry|archrival]] is the [[Texas Longhorns|University of Texas Longhorns]]. They played regularly in most athletic sports until joining the Southeastern Conference. In 2004, sporting events between the Aggies and Longhorns became known as the [[Lone Star Showdown]]; the most-watched event in the rivalry was the annual football game held the day of [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]].<ref name="fridayfootball">{{cite web|title=Lone Star Showdown: 112th UT vs A&M game Friday|publisher=News 8 Austin|date=November 23, 2005|url=http://www.news8austin.com/content/your_news/default.asp?ArID=150435|access-date=April 30, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165108/http://www.news8austin.com/content/your_news/default.asp?ArID=150435 |archive-date = September 30, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="recordcrowd">{{cite web|title=Aggies Top No. 5 Longhorns Before Record Crowd, 20–16|publisher=Texas A&M University Athletic Department|date=November 26, 1999|url=http://www.aggieathletics.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/112699aaa.html|access-date=April 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607045322/http://www.aggieathletics.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/112699aaa.html|archive-date=June 7, 2009}}</ref |
A&M's [[college rivalry|archrival]] is the [[Texas Longhorns|University of Texas Longhorns]]. They played regularly in most athletic sports until joining the Southeastern Conference. In 2004, sporting events between the Aggies and Longhorns became known as the [[Lone Star Showdown]]; the most-watched event in the rivalry was the annual football game held the day of [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]].<ref name="fridayfootball">{{cite web|title=Lone Star Showdown: 112th UT vs A&M game Friday|publisher=News 8 Austin|date=November 23, 2005|url=http://www.news8austin.com/content/your_news/default.asp?ArID=150435|access-date=April 30, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165108/http://www.news8austin.com/content/your_news/default.asp?ArID=150435 |archive-date = September 30, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="recordcrowd">{{cite web|title=Aggies Top No. 5 Longhorns Before Record Crowd, 20–16|publisher=Texas A&M University Athletic Department|date=November 26, 1999|url=http://www.aggieathletics.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/112699aaa.html|access-date=April 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607045322/http://www.aggieathletics.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/112699aaa.html|archive-date=June 7, 2009}}</ref> Other long-standing rivalries include [[Texas Tech Red Raiders|Texas Tech]], [[Battle of the Brazos|Baylor University]], the [[University of Arkansas]], and [[Louisiana State University]].<ref name="dirocco">{{cite news|last=Dirocco|first=Michael|title=A Nameless Game|publisher=[[The Florida Times-Union]]|date=November 23, 2006|url=http://www.jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/112406/col_6430074.shtml|access-date=May 17, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095934/http://www.jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/112406/col_6430074.shtml|archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref><ref name="griffin">{{cite web|last=Griffin|first=Tim|title=Texas' instate rivalry grabs weekend spotlight|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 27, 2006|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2604893|access-date=May 17, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104082305/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2604893|archive-date=November 4, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Techrival">{{cite news|last=Zimmer |first=Kelln |title=T-sippers or tortilla-throwers |work=[[The Battalion]] |date=November 15, 2001 |url=http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2001/11/15/Opinion/TSippers.Or.TortillaThrowers-516399.shtml |access-date=March 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908211622/http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2001/11/15/Opinion/TSippers.Or.TortillaThrowers-516399.shtml |archive-date=September 8, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="arkrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/colleges/topstories/stories/031108dnspoamarkansas.3eaf64a8.html |
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|last=Hairopoulos|first=Kate|title=Texas A&M, Arkansas to renew football rivalry at new Cowboys stadium|work=[[The Dallas Morning News]]|date=March 10, 2008|access-date=March 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315142003/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/colleges/topstories/stories/031108dnspoamarkansas.3eaf64a8.html|archive-date=March 15, 2008}}</ref> |
|last=Hairopoulos|first=Kate|title=Texas A&M, Arkansas to renew football rivalry at new Cowboys stadium|work=[[The Dallas Morning News]]|date=March 10, 2008|access-date=March 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315142003/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/colleges/topstories/stories/031108dnspoamarkansas.3eaf64a8.html|archive-date=March 15, 2008}}</ref> |
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===Football=== |
===Football=== |
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{{Main|Texas A&M Aggies football}} |
{{Main|Texas A&M Aggies football}} |
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Founded in 1894, the [[American football|football]] team has won |
Founded in 1894, the [[American football|football]] team has won eighteen Southwest Conference championships, three Big 12 South Division championships, and one Big 12 championship. The university also claims three national championships.<ref name="FootballChampHist">{{cite web|url=http://www.aggieathletics.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_LANG=C&DB_OEM_ID=27300&SPSID=632660&SPID=93232&ATCLID=205238864|title=Aggie Football's Championships|publisher=Texas A&M Athletics|access-date=May 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717060336/http://www.aggieathletics.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_LANG=C&DB_OEM_ID=27300&SPSID=632660&SPID=93232&ATCLID=205238864|archive-date=July 17, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Petchesky|first1=Barry|title=Texas A&M Picked Up Two National Championships, Two Conference Titles Over The Summer|url=http://deadspin.com/5941380/texas-am-picked-up-two-national-championships-two-conference-titles-over-the-summer|website=[[Deadspin]]|access-date=March 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323052739/http://deadspin.com/5941380/texas-am-picked-up-two-national-championships-two-conference-titles-over-the-summer|archive-date=March 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2021, the team has appeared in 42 [[bowl games]], winning 20,<ref name="bowlhistory">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M's Bowl History|url=http://mcubed.net/ncaaf/bowls/txam.shtml|access-date=November 23, 2021|publisher=mcubed.net|url-status=live}}</ref> and former players have included 41 first Team All-Americans, 5 Academic All-Americans, and 2 [[Heisman Trophy]] winners: [[John David Crow]] in 1957 and [[Johnny Manziel]] in 2012.<ref name="footballhis60">{{cite web|title=2005 Texas A&M Football History and Records|pages=60, 70, 72|publisher=Texas A&M University Athletic Department|year=2006|url=http://www.aggieathletics.com/sports/football/docs/2005supplement.pdf|access-date=April 30, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070403215645/http://www.aggieathletics.com/sports/football/docs/2005supplement.pdf |archive-date = April 3, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=heismanofficial>https://www.heisman.com/heisman-winners/</ref> Since 1904, home football games have been played at [[Kyle Field]], a stadium with a current capacity of 102,500.<ref name="KF_Attendance">{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sports/college-sports/texas-aggies/20140709-stunning-transformation-of-kyle-field-to-give-fans-taste-of-what-s-to-come-in-aggieland.ece|last=Hairopoulus|first=Kate|title=A&M boasts trio of talented tailbacks|website=Dallasnews.com|publisher=[[Dallas Morning News]]|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121848/http://www.dallasnews.com/sports/college-sports/texas-aggies/20140709-stunning-transformation-of-kyle-field-to-give-fans-taste-of-what-s-to-come-in-aggieland.ece|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2021, the football team's is led by [[Jimbo Fisher]] in his fifth season as head coach.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tomahawknation.com/2017/12/1/16702442/jimbo-fisher-texas-am-florida-state-fsu-coach-saturday|title=Jimbo Fisher leaving for Texas A&M; won't coach Florida State Saturday|work=Tomahawk Nation|access-date=December 1, 2017|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201201448/https://www.tomahawknation.com/2017/12/1/16702442/jimbo-fisher-texas-am-florida-state-fsu-coach-saturday|url-status=live|author= Elliott,Bud |author2=David Visser}}</ref> |
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===Basketball=== |
===Basketball=== |
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{{Main|Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball|Texas A&M Aggies women's basketball}} |
{{Main|Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball|Texas A&M Aggies women's basketball}} |
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[[File:Lss 2008 bb damion james.jpg|thumb|right|A men's basketball game at Reed Arena in January 2008|alt=a crowd of people in mostly white T-shirts watch an indoor basketball game; a T with a start on it is upside down and featured prominently under the players]]<!--This image contains a trademarked symbol, Texas A&M "T-star", and is only being used to illustrate said symbols within context--> |
[[File:Lss 2008 bb damion james.jpg|thumb|right|A men's basketball game at Reed Arena in January 2008|alt=a crowd of people in mostly white T-shirts watch an indoor basketball game; a T with a start on it is upside down and featured prominently under the players]]<!--This image contains a trademarked symbol, Texas A&M "T-star", and is only being used to illustrate said symbols within context--> |
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Founded in 1912, the men's basketball team won |
Founded in 1912, the men's basketball team won eleven Southwest Conference championships and two Southwest Conference Tournament championships. The team has appeared in the [[National Invitation Tournament]] six times and in the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] eleven times, of which three resulted in [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|Sweet Sixteen]] appearances, most recently in the 2015–16 season, the highest round to which the Aggies have advanced.<ref name="AgBballHist">{{cite web |url=http://www.aggieathletics.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=27300&ATCLID=205238851 |title=Texas A&M Basketball's Championship History |publisher=Texas A&M Athletics |access-date=May 15, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504160002/http://www.aggieathletics.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=27300&ATCLID=205238851 |archive-date=May 4, 2012}}</ref> As of 2021, the basketball team is led by [[Buzz Williams]] in his tenth season as head coach.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/26429544/virginia-tech-williams-taking-texas-job |title=Texas A&M hires Va. Tech's Williams as coach |first=Jeff |last=Borzello |date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908211915/https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/26429544/virginia-tech-williams-taking-texas-job |archive-date=September 8, 2021}}</ref> |
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The women's basketball team has |
The women's basketball team has one Southwest Conference Tournament championship, one regular season Big 12 Conference championship, two Big 12 Tournament championships, and two SEC Tournament championships, most recently in 2021. {{As of|2021}}, the women have advanced to sixteen NCAA Tournament appearances including their last fourteen consecutive seasons, winning the National Championship in 2011. They have also competed in the [[Women's National Invitation Tournament|WNIT]] twice, winning that tournament in 1995.<ref name="womenbb">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M Women's Basketball History|publisher=12th Man|year=2021|url=https://12thman.com/sports/2020/1/11/womens-basketball-history.aspx|access-date=August 10, 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=August 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810205317/https://12thman.com/sports/2020/1/11/womens-basketball-history.aspx}}</ref> The women's team has been coached by [[Gary Blair]] since 2003.<ref name="dickpatrick">{{cite news|last=Patrick|first=Dick|title=On women's basketball: Texas A&M completes turnaround|publisher=[[USAToday]]|date=March 6, 2007|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/womensbasketball/2007-03-06-women-basketball-notes_N.htm|access-date=April 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309140757/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/womensbasketball/2007-03-06-women-basketball-notes_N.htm|archive-date=March 9, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> [[G. Rollie White Coliseum]], formerly the home of the volleyball and basketball teams, hosted basketball games before the 12,889-seat [[Reed Arena]] opened in 1998.<ref name="grollie">{{cite web|title=G. Rollie White Coliseum|publisher=Texas A&M Athletic Department|url=http://www.aggieathletics.com/facilities/grolliewhite.html|access-date=April 1, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106164814/http://www.aggieathletics.com/facilities/grolliewhite.html|archive-date=January 6, 2009}}</ref><ref name="reedarena">{{cite web|title=Reed Arena|publisher=Texas A&M Athletic Department|url=http://www.aggieathletics.com/facilities/reedarena.html|access-date=April 1, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210014801/http://www.aggieathletics.com/facilities/reedarena.html|archive-date=February 10, 2009}}</ref> |
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===Other sports=== |
===Other sports=== |
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As of 2021, the [[Texas A&M Aggies women's soccer|women's soccer]] team, formed in 1993, has been in every NCAA Tournament appearances since 1995.<ref name="soccerrecords">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M Soccer History|publisher=12th Man Association|year=2021|url=https://12thman.com/sports/2020/9/19/texas-am-soccer-history.aspx|access-date=July 31, 2021|archive-date=July 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731225246/https://12thman.com/sports/2020/9/19/texas-am-soccer-history.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> The women's volleyball team is a frequent qualifier for the annual NCAA tournament including |
As of 2021, the [[Texas A&M Aggies women's soccer|women's soccer]] team, formed in 1993, has been in every NCAA Tournament appearances since 1995.<ref name="soccerrecords">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M Soccer History|publisher=12th Man Association|year=2021|url=https://12thman.com/sports/2020/9/19/texas-am-soccer-history.aspx|access-date=July 31, 2021|archive-date=July 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731225246/https://12thman.com/sports/2020/9/19/texas-am-soccer-history.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> The women's volleyball team is a frequent qualifier for the annual NCAA tournament including thirteen consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances from 1993 to 2005.<ref name="volleyballrecords">{{cite web|title=Texas A&M Volleyball History|publisher=12th Man Association|year=2021|url=https://12thman.com/sports/2015/3/23/VB_2015060148.aspx|access-date=July 30, 2021|archive-date=July 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730222321/https://12thman.com/sports/2015/3/23/VB_2015060148.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="big12champs">{{cite web|title=2006–2007 Big 12 Postseason Championships Schedule|publisher=[[Big 12 Conference]]|year=2007|url=http://www.big12sports.com/championships/big12-championships.html|access-date=May 17, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070529151059/http://www.big12sports.com/championships/big12-championships.html|archive-date=May 29, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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===Hall of Fame === |
===Hall of Fame === |
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===Alumni=== |
===Alumni=== |
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With over 508,000 alumni,<ref name="academicfacts">{{cite web|url=https://www.tamu.edu/former-students/index.html|title=Former Students|publisher=Texas A&M University|access-date=July 25, 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=July 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716145600/https://www.tamu.edu/former-students/index.html}}</ref> A&M has one of the largest and most active [[The Association of Former Students|alumni groups]] in America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theeagle.com/news/local/texas-a-ms-association-of-former-students-celebrating-135-years/article_993076e1-15f3-5551-bdf5-df6c54a56b89.html|title=Texas A&M's Association of Former Students celebrating 135 years|first=Jordan|last=Overturf|website=The Eagle|access-date=August 10, 2021|archive-date=October 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019161056/https://theeagle.com/news/local/texas-a-ms-association-of-former-students-celebrating-135-years/article_993076e1-15f3-5551-bdf5-df6c54a56b89.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Many Aggies have attained local, national, and international prominence.<ref name="TAMU_Facts_World_Impact">{{cite web|title=World Impact|publisher=Texas A&M University|url=https://www.tamu.edu/about/facts/international.html|access-date=February 16, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125194812/http://www.tamu.edu/about/facts/international.html|archive-date=January 25, 2011}}</ref> [[Jorge Quiroga]] and [[Martin Torrijos]] have served as [[head of state|heads of state]] for [[Bolivia]] and [[Panama]], respectively. [[Rick Perry]] served as the United States Secretary of Energy, former Governor of Texas, and ran as a [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012|2012 US presidential candidate]]. Congressmen |
With over 508,000 alumni,<ref name="academicfacts">{{cite web|url=https://www.tamu.edu/former-students/index.html|title=Former Students|publisher=Texas A&M University|access-date=July 25, 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=July 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716145600/https://www.tamu.edu/former-students/index.html}}</ref> A&M has one of the largest and most active [[The Association of Former Students|alumni groups]] in America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theeagle.com/news/local/texas-a-ms-association-of-former-students-celebrating-135-years/article_993076e1-15f3-5551-bdf5-df6c54a56b89.html|title=Texas A&M's Association of Former Students celebrating 135 years|first=Jordan|last=Overturf|website=The Eagle|access-date=August 10, 2021|archive-date=October 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019161056/https://theeagle.com/news/local/texas-a-ms-association-of-former-students-celebrating-135-years/article_993076e1-15f3-5551-bdf5-df6c54a56b89.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Many Aggies have attained local, national, and international prominence.<ref name="TAMU_Facts_World_Impact">{{cite web|title=World Impact|publisher=Texas A&M University|url=https://www.tamu.edu/about/facts/international.html|access-date=February 16, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125194812/http://www.tamu.edu/about/facts/international.html|archive-date=January 25, 2011}}</ref> [[Jorge Quiroga]] and [[Martin Torrijos]] have served as [[head of state|heads of state]] for [[Bolivia]] and [[Panama]], respectively. [[Rick Perry]] served as the United States Secretary of Energy, former Governor of Texas, and ran as a [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012|2012 US presidential candidate]]. Current Congressmen [[Louie Gohmert]] is also a graduate.<ref name="formerstudentachievements">{{cite web|title=Former Student Achievements|publisher=Texas A&M University|year=2003|url=http://vpr.tamu.edu/prospectus/formerstudent.html|access-date=April 30, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070223033019/http://vpr.tamu.edu/prospectus/formerstudent.html|archive-date=February 23, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[William A. Pailes]], [[Michael E. Fossum]], and [[Steven Swanson]] became NASA astronauts.<ref name="geller">{{cite web|last=Geller|first=Marc B.|title=Fossum "chillaxin" in space – Gov. Rick Perry makes a call to Aggie in orbit|publisher=[[The Monitor (Texas)|The Monitor]]|date=July 14, 2006|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-148181021.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103030140/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-148181021.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 3, 2012|access-date=April 30, 2007}}</ref> [[Holly Ridings]], mechanical engineer, became the first woman to be chief flight director at [[NASA]].<ref>{{Cite news|first=Alex|last=Stuckey|url=https://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/space/article/NASA-names-first-female-flight-director-in-13235838.php|title=Texas native becomes first female to lead NASA's Mission Control flight directors|date=September 17, 2018|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|access-date=September 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922135611/https://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/space/article/NASA-names-first-female-flight-director-in-13235838.php|archive-date=September 22, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Phyllis Frye]] is a residing judge in Houston, Texas, and the first transgender judge in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chron.com/life/article/Texas-A-M-hands-out-first-Phyllis-Frye-award-1617473.php|title=Texas A&M hands out first Phyllis Frye award|first1=Claudia|last1=Feldman|date=May 3, 2009|newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]]|access-date=March 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327123126/https://www.chron.com/life/article/Texas-A-M-hands-out-first-Phyllis-Frye-award-1617473.php|archive-date=March 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Several notable alumni have excelled in sports including [[Heisman Trophy]] winners [[John David Crow]] and [[Johnny Manziel]] and Heisman runner-up, legislator, and actor [[John Kimbrough]]<ref name="Famous Ath">{{cite web|author=Eagle Staff Reports|title=Return to Glory The Cotton Bowl: Texas A&M vs. Tennessee; Cotton Bowl Insider|publisher=Aggiesports.com|date=January 1, 2005|url=http://www.aggiesports.com/football/cottonbowl05/insider.htm|access-date=May 16, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070711232106/http://www.aggiesports.com/football/cottonbowl05/insider.htm|archive-date=July 11, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Randy Barnes]], indoor/outdoor shot put world record holder. In popular culture, [[Robert Earl Keen]] and [[Lyle Lovett]], who played on the porch of their Northgate home on the university's campus, have become country singers.<ref name="RKeen">{{cite web|title=The Secret History of Texas Music|first=Michael|last=Hall|publisher=[[Texas Monthly]]|year=2015|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/list/the-secret-history-of-texas-music/the-front-porch-song-this-old-porch-1984/|access-date=July 23, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723055833/https://www.texasmonthly.com/list/the-secret-history-of-texas-music/the-front-porch-song-this-old-porch-1984/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wen Ho Lee]], a doctoral graduate of A&M, became the subject of a 1999 espionage investigation; though arrested, charges were dropped in 2000 and later settled lawsuits with the US government.<ref name="WenLee">{{cite web|title=Biography (1939–)|publisher=A&E Television Networks|year=2007|url=http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9542366|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070807235343/http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9542366|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 7, 2007|access-date=May 18, 2007}}</ref> Aggies in business include [[Lowry Mays]], chairman and CEO of Clear Channel Communications;<ref name="Famous Ath"/> [[George P. Mitchell]], chairman and CEO, Mitchell Energy and Development Corp.;<ref name="formerstudentachievements"/> [[Khalid A. Al-Falih]], President and CEO of [[Saudi Aramco]];<ref name="Al-Falih">{{cite web|title=Khalid Al-Falih appointed Saudi Aramco President and CEO, effective January 1, 2009 |publisher=AME Info |date=November 3, 2008 |url=http://www.ameinfo.com/173952.html |access-date=January 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724064020/http://www.ameinfo.com/173952.html |archive-date=July 24, 2009}}</ref> and [[Eduardo Castro-Wright]], CEO of Wal-Mart Stores USA.<ref name="EWright">{{cite news|first=Jenny|last=Mero|author2=Matthew Boyle|title=Rising Star: Eduardo Castro-Wright, Wal-Mart: Dr. Wiesner is a notable psychotherapisst in The Woodlands, Texas. Meet Corporate America's next generation of leaders|publisher=Fortune|date=January 24, 2006|url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/23/magazines/fortune/stars_castrowright_fortune_060206/index.htm|access-date=May 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216171358/http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/23/magazines/fortune/stars_castrowright_fortune_060206/index.htm|archive-date=February 16, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Several alumni have continued to professional American football careers, including [[Lee Roy Caffey]], who won 3 Super Bowls, title-winning coach [[Gene Stallings]], [[Heisman Trophy]] winners [[John David Crow]] and [[Johnny Manziel]] and Heisman runner-up, legislator, and actor [[John Kimbrough]].<ref name="GeneStallings">{{cite web|title=Gene Stallings|publisher=Texas A&M University System|year=2007|url=http://tamus.edu/regents/bios/gene-stallings.html|access-date=April 1, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211062414/http://tamus.edu/regents/bios/gene-stallings.html <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=February 11, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Famous Ath">{{cite web|author=Eagle Staff Reports|title=Return to Glory The Cotton Bowl: Texas A&M vs. Tennessee; Cotton Bowl Insider|publisher=Aggiesports.com|date=January 1, 2005|url=http://www.aggiesports.com/football/cottonbowl05/insider.htm|access-date=May 16, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070711232106/http://www.aggiesports.com/football/cottonbowl05/insider.htm|archive-date=July 11, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Other former Aggie athletes include [[Randy Barnes]], indoor/outdoor shot put world record holder, World Series champion player and manager [[Davey Johnson]], baseball players [[Wally Moon]] (1954 [[Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award|National League Rookie of the Year]]) and [[Chuck Knoblauch]] (1991 American League Rookie of the Year), and [[Stacy Sykora]], a libero for the USA national volleyball team.<ref name="Famous Ath"/> |
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Many Aggies have become leaders in the armed forces. General [[Bernard Adolph Schriever]], known as "the architect of the Air Force's ballistic missile and military space program", became the namesake of [[Schriever Air Force Base]], Colorado.<ref name="Schriever">{{cite journal|last=Boyne|first=Walter J.|author-link=Walter J. Boyne|title=The Man Who Built the Missiles|journal=[[Air Force Magazine]]|page=80| date=October 2000 |publisher=[[Air Force Association]]}}</ref><ref name="Schviever2">{{cite web|title=Schriever Air Force Base |publisher=[[United States Air Force]] |year=2007 |url=http://www.schriever.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3908 |access-date=May 16, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193529/http://www.schriever.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3908 |archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref> General [[T. Michael Moseley|Michael Moseley]] is a former Chief of Staff of the [[United States Air Force]].<ref name="Moseley">{{cite web|title=General T. Michael Moseley|publisher=[[United States Air Force]]|year=2007|url=http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6545|access-date=May 16, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070509075634/http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6545|archive-date=May 9, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Seven Aggies received the [[Medal of Honor]] in World War II: [[Horace S. Carswell, Jr.]], [[Thomas W. Fowler]], [[William Harrell]], [[Lloyd H. Hughes]], [[George D. Keathley]], [[Turney W. Leonard]], and [[Eli L. Whiteley]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Campusologies and Required Knowledge |publisher=Company P10 |year=2007 |url=http://www.jcap-tamu.org/CamposRequiredKnowledgePg3.html |access-date=May 16, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929193748/http://www.jcap-tamu.org/CamposRequiredKnowledgePg3.html |archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> In addition, [[Clarence E. Sasser]] received the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions in the Vietnam War prior to enrolling at the school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.defense.gov/specials/africanamerhistory/vietnam5.html|title=Vietnam War|access-date=July 31, 2021|publisher=[[US Department of Defense]]|archive-date=September 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930165401/http://archive.defense.gov/specials/africanamerhistory/vietnam5.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/beyondglorymedal00smit_0|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/beyondglorymedal00smit_0/page/331 331]|quote=Clarence Sasser Texas A&M.|title=Beyond Glory: Medal of Honor Heroes in Their Own Words|year=2003|author=Smith, Larry Earl|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|access-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> |
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Aggies in business include [[Lowry Mays]], chairman and CEO of Clear Channel Communications;<ref name="Famous Ath"/> [[George P. Mitchell]], chairman and CEO, Mitchell Energy and Development Corp.;<ref name="formerstudentachievements"/> [[Khalid A. Al-Falih]], President and CEO of [[Saudi Aramco]];<ref name="Al-Falih">{{cite web|title=Khalid Al-Falih appointed Saudi Aramco President and CEO, effective January 1, 2009 |publisher=AME Info |date=November 3, 2008 |url=http://www.ameinfo.com/173952.html |access-date=January 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724064020/http://www.ameinfo.com/173952.html |archive-date=July 24, 2009}}</ref> and [[Eduardo Castro-Wright]], CEO of Wal-Mart Stores USA.<ref name="EWright">{{cite news|first=Jenny|last=Mero|author2=Matthew Boyle|title=Rising Star: Eduardo Castro-Wright, Wal-Mart: Dr. Wiesner is a notable psychotherapisst in The Woodlands, Texas. Meet Corporate America's next generation of leaders|publisher=Fortune|date=January 24, 2006|url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/23/magazines/fortune/stars_castrowright_fortune_060206/index.htm|access-date=May 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216171358/http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/23/magazines/fortune/stars_castrowright_fortune_060206/index.htm|archive-date=February 16, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Alum [[Charles E. Toberman]] was known as the "Father of Hollywood" for his role in developing many of the city's most recognizable landmarks, including the [[Hollywood Bowl]], [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]], [[El Capitan Theatre]], the [[Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel|Roosevelt Hotel]], the [[Grauman's Egyptian Theatre]] and the [[Hollywood Masonic Temple]]. Architect Greg Pappas, Vice President of the [[Pappas Restaurants]] family, was known for his design of the many different Pappasitos Family restaurants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aggienetwork.com/news/102768/silver-taps-notification/|title=Silver Taps Notification|date=February 7, 1995|website=Aggienetwork.com|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629050129/https://www.aggienetwork.com/news/102768/silver-taps-notification/|archive-date=June 29, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[J. William Harbour]] M.D., is an ocular oncologist, cancer researcher and vice chairman at the [[Bascom Palmer Eye Institute]] in [[Miami]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bascompalmer.org/doctors/profile/134221|title=Find a Doctor – Bascom Palmer Eye Institute|website=bascompalmer.org|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527055006/http://bascompalmer.org/doctors/profile/134221|archive-date=May 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Gina|last=Kolata|title=GENETIC GAMBLE A Life-Death Predictor Adds to a Cancer's Strain|work=The New York Times|date=July 10, 2012|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/health/genetic-test-changes-game-in-cancer-prognosis.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 1, 2021|archive-date=August 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801041401/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/health/genetic-test-changes-game-in-cancer-prognosis.html}}</ref> |
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Many Aggies have become leaders in the armed forces. [[George H. Gay, Jr.]], was the sole survivor of Torpedo Squadron 8 in the [[Battle of Midway]].<ref name="Gay">{{cite web|title=Lieutenant George H. Gay, Jr., USNR, (1917–1994)|publisher=Department of the Navy — Naval Historical Center|date=May 18, 1999|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-g/g-gay.htm|access-date=May 16, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503152318/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-g/g-gay.htm|archive-date=May 3, 2007}}</ref> Lieutenant General [[Jay T. Robbins]] became a fighter ace in World War II with 22 aerial victories.<ref name="JayRobbins">{{cite web|title=Lieutenant General Jay T. Robbins|publisher=[[United States Air Force]]|year=2007|url=http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6927|access-date=May 16, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070511100754/http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6927|archive-date=May 11, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Major General [[Robert B. Williams (general)|Robert B. Williams]] led World War II raid on the [[Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission|Schweinfurt ball bearing factories]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=10618 |title=Major General Robert B. Williams |work=U.S. Air Force Official Website |publisher=[[United States Air Force]] |access-date=April 1, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722172849/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=10618 |archive-date=July 22, 2012}}</ref> General [[Bernard Adolph Schriever]], known as "the architect of the Air Force's ballistic missile and military space program", became the namesake of [[Schriever Air Force Base]], Colorado.<ref name="Schriever">{{cite journal|last=Boyne|first=Walter J.|author-link=Walter J. Boyne|title=The Man Who Built the Missiles|journal=[[Air Force Magazine]]|page=80| date=October 2000 |publisher=[[Air Force Association]]}}</ref><ref name="Schviever2">{{cite web|title=Schriever Air Force Base |publisher=[[United States Air Force]] |year=2007 |url=http://www.schriever.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3908 |access-date=May 16, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193529/http://www.schriever.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3908 |archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref> General [[T. Michael Moseley|Michael Moseley]] is a former Chief of Staff of the [[United States Air Force]].<ref name="Moseley">{{cite web|title=General T. Michael Moseley|publisher=[[United States Air Force]]|year=2007|url=http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6545|access-date=May 16, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070509075634/http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6545|archive-date=May 9, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Seven Aggies received the [[Medal of Honor]] in World War II: [[Horace S. Carswell, Jr.]], [[Thomas W. Fowler]], [[William Harrell]], [[Lloyd H. Hughes]], [[George D. Keathley]], [[Turney W. Leonard]], and [[Eli L. Whiteley]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Campusologies and Required Knowledge |publisher=Company P10 |year=2007 |url=http://www.jcap-tamu.org/CamposRequiredKnowledgePg3.html |access-date=May 16, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929193748/http://www.jcap-tamu.org/CamposRequiredKnowledgePg3.html |archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> <!-- This total matches [[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University|Virginia Tech]] for the most total honorees of any school outside the service academies at [[United States Military Academy|West Point]] and [[United States Naval Academy|Annapolis]].<ref name="academies">{{cite web|url=http://aggietraditions.tamu.edu/msc.shtml|title=Aggie Traditions|publisher=Texas A&M University|access-date=November 20, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719063000/http://aggietraditions.tamu.edu/msc.shtml|archive-date=July 19, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> --> [[Clarence E. Sasser]] received the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions in the Vietnam War prior to enrolling at the school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.defense.gov/specials/africanamerhistory/vietnam5.html|title=Vietnam War|access-date=July 31, 2021|publisher=[[US Department of Defense]]|archive-date=September 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930165401/http://archive.defense.gov/specials/africanamerhistory/vietnam5.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/beyondglorymedal00smit_0|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/beyondglorymedal00smit_0/page/331 331]|quote=Clarence Sasser Texas A&M.|title=Beyond Glory: Medal of Honor Heroes in Their Own Words|year=2003|author=Smith, Larry Earl|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|access-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> |
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===Notable faculty=== |
===Notable faculty=== |
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⚫ | Notable faculty include nine [[Nobel Prize]] laureates including [[Derek Barton]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://science.tamu.edu/news/1998/03/sir-derek-barton-dies-from-heart-attack/|title=Sir Derek Barton Dies From Heart Attack|access-date=2021-12-03|date=March 17, 1998|publisher=Texas A&M University Office of University Relations}}</ref><ref>https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9781860943089_fmatter</ref> [[Elias James Corey]],<ref>https://compass-ssb.tamu.edu/pls/PROD/bwykfupd.p_showdoc?doctype_in=CV&pidm_in=657961</ref> [[Sheldon Lee Glashow]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1979/glashow-autobio.html |title=Sheldon Glashow |access-date=2007-06-06|publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]]}}</ref> [[Robert H. Grubbs]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tamutimes.tamu.edu/2012/05/17/nobel-prize-winner-to-join-texas-am-university-at-qatar-faculty/ |title=Nobel Prize Winner To Join Texas A&M University at Qatar Faculty |access-date=2012-05-23 |publisher=tamuTimes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210231258/http://tamutimes.tamu.edu/2012/05/17/nobel-prize-winner-to-join-texas-am-university-at-qatar-faculty/ |archive-date=February 10, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> [[Dudley R. Herschbach]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsarchives.tamu.edu/stories/05/031005-1.html|title=Nobel Prize Winner Dudley Herschbach To Join Physics Department|date=March 10, 2005|access-date=2007-06-17|publisher=Texas A&M University Office of University Relations}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Jack Kilby]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/kilby-autobio.html |title=Jack S. Kilby |access-date=2007-06-06|publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]]}}</ref> [[David Lee (physicist)|David Lee]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.science.tamu.edu/articles/684/ |title=Nobel Prize Winner to Join Texas A&M Physics Faculty |access-date=2011-05-26 |publisher=Texas A&M University College of Science |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307181030/http://www.science.tamu.edu/articles/684 |archive-date=March 7, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1996/lee.html |title=David M. Lee |access-date=2011-05-26 |publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703021738/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1996/lee.html |archive-date=July 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and [[Vernon L. Smith]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tias.tamu.edu/facultyfellows/2012-2013/smith |title=Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study Faculty Fellows – Vernon Smith |access-date=2012-11-08 |publisher=[[Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810220308/http://tias.tamu.edu/facultyfellows/2012-2013/smith |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In addition, [[Norman Borlaug]], a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate, was one of only five people in history to have won the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] and the [[Congressional Gold Medal]].<ref name="TAMU-formerstudent">{{cite web|url=http://vpr.tamu.edu/prospectus/formerstudent.html |title=Former Student Achievements |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223033019/http://vpr.tamu.edu/prospectus/formerstudent.html |archive-date=February 23, 2007 }}</ref> US Senator [[Phil Gramm]] taught economics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsarchives.tamu.edu/stories/00/100200-7.html|title=Texas A&M Announces Phil Gramm Award|access-date=2007-06-06|publisher=Texas A&M University Office of University Relations|date=October 2, 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070619080344/http://newsarchives.tamu.edu/stories/00/100200-7.html|archive-date=June 19, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In addition, [[Pulitzer Prize]] recipient [[Charles Gordone]] also taught at Texas A&M.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theeagle.com/aandmnews/101104gordone.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070927234434/http://www.theeagle.com/aandmnews/101104gordone.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |title=Honoring a life's work realized |access-date=2007-06-06 |newspaper=The Bryan-College Station Eagle |date=October 10, 2004 }}</ref> Aviation pioneer [[Fred Weick]] did much of his post war research at Texas A&M.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/pdf/Weick_Acc_XXXX-0425.pdf|title=Fred E. Weick Autobiographical Transcripts|access-date=2007-06-17|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612001955/http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/pdf/Weick_Acc_XXXX-0425.pdf|archive-date=June 12, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |
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Notable faculty include nine [[Nobel Prize]] laureates including [[Derek Barton]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsarchives.tamu.edu/stories/98/031898-2.html|title=Sir Derek Barton Dies From Heart Attack|access-date=2007-06-06|date=March 17, 1998|publisher=Texas A&M University Office of University Relations}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><!-- |
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No need to have a permanent dead link in an FA when there are other sources available, will this one do ??? https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9781860943089_fmatter |
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⚫ | --> [[Elias James Corey]],<ref>https://compass-ssb.tamu.edu/pls/PROD/bwykfupd.p_showdoc?doctype_in=CV&pidm_in=657961</ref> [[Sheldon Lee Glashow]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1979/glashow-autobio.html |title=Sheldon Glashow |access-date=2007-06-06|publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]]}}</ref> [[Robert H. Grubbs]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tamutimes.tamu.edu/2012/05/17/nobel-prize-winner-to-join-texas-am-university-at-qatar-faculty/ |title=Nobel Prize Winner To Join Texas A&M University at Qatar Faculty |access-date=2012-05-23 |publisher=tamuTimes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210231258/http://tamutimes.tamu.edu/2012/05/17/nobel-prize-winner-to-join-texas-am-university-at-qatar-faculty/ |archive-date=February 10, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> [[Dudley R. Herschbach]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsarchives.tamu.edu/stories/05/031005-1.html|title=Nobel Prize Winner Dudley Herschbach To Join Physics Department|date=March 10, 2005|access-date=2007-06-17|publisher=Texas A&M University Office of University Relations}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Jack Kilby]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/kilby-autobio.html |title=Jack S. Kilby |access-date=2007-06-06|publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]]}}</ref> [[David Lee (physicist)|David Lee]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.science.tamu.edu/articles/684/ |title=Nobel Prize Winner to Join Texas A&M Physics Faculty |access-date=2011-05-26 |publisher=Texas A&M University College of Science |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307181030/http://www.science.tamu.edu/articles/684 |archive-date=March 7, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1996/lee.html |title=David M. Lee |access-date=2011-05-26 |publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703021738/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1996/lee.html |archive-date=July 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and [[Vernon L. Smith]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tias.tamu.edu/facultyfellows/2012-2013/smith |title=Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study Faculty Fellows – Vernon Smith |access-date=2012-11-08 |publisher=[[Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810220308/http://tias.tamu.edu/facultyfellows/2012-2013/smith |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In addition, [[Norman Borlaug]], a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate, was one of only five people in history to have won the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] and the [[Congressional Gold Medal]].<ref name="TAMU-formerstudent">{{cite web|url=http://vpr.tamu.edu/prospectus/formerstudent.html |title=Former Student Achievements |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223033019/http://vpr.tamu.edu/prospectus/formerstudent.html |archive-date=February 23, 2007 }}</ref> US Senator [[Phil Gramm]] taught economics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsarchives.tamu.edu/stories/00/100200-7.html|title=Texas A&M Announces Phil Gramm Award|access-date=2007-06-06|publisher=Texas A&M University Office of University Relations|date=October 2, 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070619080344/http://newsarchives.tamu.edu/stories/00/100200-7.html|archive-date=June 19, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In addition, [[Pulitzer Prize]] recipient [[Charles Gordone]] also taught at Texas A&M.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theeagle.com/aandmnews/101104gordone.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070927234434/http://www.theeagle.com/aandmnews/101104gordone.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |title=Honoring a life's work realized |access-date=2007-06-06 |newspaper=The Bryan-College Station Eagle |date=October 10, 2004 }}</ref> Aviation pioneer [[Fred Weick]] did much of his post war research at Texas A&M.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/pdf/Weick_Acc_XXXX-0425.pdf|title=Fred E. Weick Autobiographical Transcripts|access-date=2007-06-17|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612001955/http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/pdf/Weick_Acc_XXXX-0425.pdf|archive-date=June 12, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
Revision as of 21:15, 3 December 2021
30°36′37″N 96°20′37″W / 30.61028°N 96.34361°W
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Former names | Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (1871–1963)[1] |
---|---|
Type | Public flagship land-grant research senior military college |
Established | 1876[2][Note 1] |
Parent institution | Texas A&M University System |
Accreditation | SACS |
Academic affiliations | |
Endowment | $13.5 billion (system-wide) (2019) |
President | Katherine Banks |
Provost | Mark Weichold (interim)[4] |
Academic staff | 3,845[5] |
Total staff | 11,114[5][6] |
Students | 72,982 (Fall 2021)[7][8] |
Undergraduates | 57,428 (Fall 2021)[8] |
Postgraduates | 10,650 (Fall 2021)[8] |
5,112 (Fall 2021)[8] | |
Location | , , United States[Note 2] |
Campus | Midsize City,[9] 5,500 acres (20 km2)[10] |
Colors | Aggie Maroon White[11][12] |
Nickname | Aggies |
Sporting affiliations | NCAA Division I – SEC |
Mascot | Reveille X |
Website | www |
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Texas A&M University (Texas A&M, A&M, or TAMU) is a public land-grant research university in College Station, Texas. It was founded in 1876 and became the flagship institution of the Texas A&M University System in 1948. As of 2021[update], Texas A&M's student body is the largest in the United States.[13] Texas A&M is the only university in Texas to hold simultaneous designations as a land, sea, and space grant institution. It has projects funded by organizations such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. In 2001, Texas A&M was inducted as a member of the Association of American Universities. The school's students, alumni and sports teams are known as Aggies. The Texas A&M Aggies athletes compete in eighteen varsity sports as a member of the Southeastern Conference.
The first public institution of higher education in Texas, the school opened for classes on October 4, 1876,[14] as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (A.M.C.) under the provisions of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[15] Originally, the college taught no classes in agriculture, instead concentrating on classical studies, languages, literature, and applied mathematics. After four years, students could attain degrees in scientific agriculture, civil and mechanical engineering, and language and literature.[16] Under the leadership of President James Earl Rudder in the 1960s, A.M.C. desegregated, became coeducational, and dropped the requirement for participation in the Texas A&M Corps of Cadets. To reflect the institution's expanded roles and academic offerings, the Texas Legislature renamed the school to Texas A&M University in 1963. The letters "A&M", originally A.M.C. and short for "Agricultural and Mechanical College", are retained as a tribute to the university's former designation.
The main campus is one of the ten largest in the United States, spanning 5,200 acres (21 km2),[2][17][18] and is home to the George Bush Presidential Library. About one-fifth of the student body lives on campus. Texas A&M has more than 1,000 officially recognized student organizations. Many students also observe various university traditions which govern conduct in daily life and sporting events. The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 10 colleges and houses eighteen research institutes. As a Senior Military College, Texas A&M is one of six American public universities with a full-time, volunteer Corps of Cadets who study alongside civilian undergraduate students.[19]
History
![A large domed building overlooks a full-length statue of balding male with a mustache and long goatee and wearing a knee-length coat. The pedestal is engraved "Lawrence Sullivan Ross".](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TAMU_Sul_Ross_statue.jpg/170px-TAMU_Sul_Ross_statue.jpg)
![It shows, left to right, Ross Hall, Old Main, and Foster Hall.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/TexasA%26MCampus_1902.jpg/220px-TexasA%26MCampus_1902.jpg)
![The exterior of a tan building with steps in the foreground and an oak tree above a retaining wall on the left between them](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Texas_A%26M_University_Chemistry_Building.jpg/170px-Texas_A%26M_University_Chemistry_Building.jpg)
Beginning years
In 1862, the U.S. Congress passed the Morrill Act, which auctioned land grants of public lands to establish endowments for colleges where the "leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and mechanical arts... to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life".[20] In 1871, the Texas Legislature used these funds to establish the state's first public institution of higher education,[21] the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, then known as Texas A.M.C.[20] Brazos County donated 2,416 acres (10 km2) near Bryan, Texas, for the school's campus.[20] From its beginning until the late 1920s, the students were officially nicknamed "Farmers", but the nickname "Aggies" (a common nickname for students at schools focused heavily on agriculture) gained favor and became the official student body nickname in 1949.[2][22][23]
The first day of classes was slated for October 2, 1876, but only six students enrolled on the first day, and classes were delayed and officially began on October 4, 1876, with six faculty members and forty students.[24] During the first semester, enrollment increased to 48 students, and by the end of the spring 1877 semester, 106 students had enrolled. Admission was limited to males, and all students were required to participate in the Corps of Cadets and receive military training.[25] Enrollment climbed to 258 students before declining to 108 students in 1883, the year the University of Texas opened in Austin, Texas.[26] Although originally envisioned and annotated in the Texas Constitution as a branch of the University of Texas, Texas A.M.C. had a separate Board of Directors from the University of Texas and was never enveloped into the University of Texas System.[20]
In the late 1880s, many Texas residents did not see a need for two colleges in Texas and advocated for the elimination of Texas A.M.C. In 1891, Texas A.M.C. was saved from potential closure by its new president Lawrence Sullivan Ross (also known as Sul Ross or "Sully"), former Governor of Texas and well-respected Confederate Brigadier General. Ross made many improvements to the school, like adding running water and permanent dormitories, and enrollment doubled to 467 cadets as parents sent their sons to Texas A.M.C. "to learn to be like Ross".[27] During his tenure, many Aggie traditions were born, including the creation of the first Aggie Ring.[27] After his death in 1898, a statue was erected in front of what is now Academic Plaza to honor Ross and his achievements in the history of the school.[27]
Under pressure from the Texas Legislature, in 1911 the school began allowing women to attend classes during the summer semester.[28] A.M.C. also expanded its academic pursuits with the establishment of the School of Veterinary Medicine in 1915.[20]
World Wars era
Many Texas A&M graduates served during World War I and by 1918, 49% of all graduates of the college were in military service, more than any other school.[20] In early September 1918, the entire senior class enlisted, with plans to send the younger students at staggered dates throughout the next year. Many of the seniors were fighting in France when the war ended two months later.[29] More than 1,200 alumni served as commissioned officers. After the war, Texas A&M grew rapidly and became nationally recognized for its programs in agriculture, engineering, and military science.[20] The first graduate school was organized in 1924 and the school awarded its first PhD in 1940.[20] In 1925, Mary Evelyn Crawford Locke became the first female to receive a diploma from Texas A&M, although she was not allowed to participate in the graduation ceremony.[30] The following month the Board of Directors officially prohibited all women from enrolling.[28]
Many Aggies again served in the military during World War II, with the college producing 20,229 combat troops. Of those, 14,123 Aggies served as officers, more than any other school and more than the combined total of the United States Naval Academy and the United States Military Academy.[31][32] During the war, 29 A&M graduates reached the rank of general.[20]
At the start of World War II, Texas A&M was selected as one of six engineering colleges to participate in the Electronics Training Program, a program to train Navy personnel to maintain the newly created radar systems. These colleges provided the Primary School, wherein the key topics of the first two years of a college electrical engineering curriculum were condensed into three months. The instructional effort at College Station was developed and led by Frank Bolton, EE department head and future Texas A&M president. At a given time, some 500 Navy students were on the campus, a significant fraction of the then-years enrollment. Students graduating from the Primary Schools then went to a secondary school, one of which was at Ward Island, Texas (the future location of Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi).[33]
Enrollment soared after the war as many former soldiers used the G.I. Bill to fund their education.[34] In 1948, the state legislature formally recognized Texas A&M as a separate university system from the University of Texas System, codifying the de facto arrangement between the schools.[35]
University era
On July 1, 1959, Major General James Earl Rudder, class of 1932, became the 16th president of the college.[36][37] With the backing of State Senator William T. "Bill" Moore, also known as "the Bull of the Brazos" and "the father of the modern Texas A&M University",[38] in 1963, the 58th Legislature of Texas approved Rudder's proposal for a substantial expansion in its physical plant construction, facilities upgrades, diversifying and expanding its student body by admitting women and minorities and making membership in the Corps of Cadets voluntary. The legislature also officially renamed the school "Texas A&M University"[39] specifying that the "A" and the "M" were purely symbolic, reflecting the school's past, and no longer stood for "Agricultural and Mechanical".[20] By his death in 1970, Rudder had overseen the growth of the school from 7,500 to 14,000 students from all 50 states and 75 nations.[39][40]
In the following 35 years, Texas A&M more than tripled its enrollment from 14,000 students to more than 45,000.[18] Texas A&M became one of the first four universities given the designation sea-grant for its achievements in oceanography and marine resources development in 1971. In 1989, the university earned the title space-grant by NASA, to recognize its commitment to space research and participation in the Texas Space Grant Consortium.[41] In 1997, the school became the home of the George Bush Presidential Library, one of thirteen American presidential libraries operated by the National Archives and Records Administration.[42][43] Former President George Bush remained actively involved with the university, frequently visiting the campus and participating in special events until his death and burial on school grounds in 2018.[44]
On November 18, 1999, the Aggie Bonfire, a ninety-year-old student tradition, collapsed during construction. Eleven enrolled students and one former student died and twenty-seven others were injured. The accident was later attributed to improper design and poor construction practices.[45] The victims' family members filed six lawsuits against Texas A&M officials, the Aggie Bonfire officials and the university. Half of the defendants settled their portion of the case in 2005,[46] and a federal appeals court dismissed the remaining lawsuits against the university in 2007.[47]
![Above the doorway of a large, relatively plain rectangular structure with a short dome are the words "George Bush Library." In front of the building is a circular courtyard with a water fountain; eight American flags are positioned evenly around the circle.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/George_Bush_Presidential_Library.jpg/220px-George_Bush_Presidential_Library.jpg)
With strong support from Rice University and the University of Texas, the Association of American Universities inducted Texas A&M in May 2001, on the basis of the depth of the university's research and academic programs.[48] Texas A&M left the Big 12 Conference for the Southeastern Conference on July 1, 2012.[49]
The university underwent several large expansions in 2013. On July 12, 2013, Texas A&M Health Science Center was formally merged into the university.[50] On August 12, 2013, the university purchased the Texas Wesleyan University School of Law and renamed it the Texas A&M School of Law.[51][52]
In 2017, the status of the statue of Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross was in question after other schools removed statues of former Confederate officers. The Texas A&M Chancellor and President announced the Sul Ross statue would remain on the campus as it was not based upon his service in the Confederate Army.[53][54][55] Amidst the Black Lives Matter movement and vandalism of the statue, attempts in 2020 by a group of students and activists to secure its removal were blunted by the administration, other students, counter protestors, and alumni[56][57][58] and the school confirmed that removal of the statue would require Texas Congressional approval.[59]
Academics
![The head and shoulders of three people – an older man, an older woman, and a middle-aged man – wearing formal robes are shown in front of a large circular seal. On the outer edges of the seal the letters "XAS A...IVERSITY...87..." are visible; an inner band of leaves separates the letters from a block T superimposed with a star.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bush_Family_Texas_A%26M_Commencement_Dec._12%2C_2008.jpg/220px-Bush_Family_Texas_A%26M_Commencement_Dec._12%2C_2008.jpg)
Administration and organization
Texas A&M is part of the Texas A&M University System, composed of eleven universities, eight state agencies, and the RELLIS Campus. The system is governed by a ten-member Board of Regents, nine appointed by the governor to six-year terms and one non-voting Student Regent appointed to a one-year term. Answerable to the Board of Regents, the Chancellor of the Texas A&M University System is responsible for daily operations.[60][61][62]
The university itself is led by the University President, who has executive responsibility. This individual is selected by and reports to the Chancellor. The Provost is responsible for all educational and service activities of the university and reports to the president. The Cabinet, as the administrative arm of the school, and the Deans of the respective colleges also report to the president.[60][61] The university and Colleges are generally accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and associated professional organizations.[63]
Student body
Undergraduate admissions statistics | |
---|---|
Admit rate | 63.0% ( ![]() |
Test scores middle 50%[i] | |
SAT EBRW | 580–680 ( ![]() |
SAT Math | 580–700 ( ![]() |
ACT Composite | 26–32 ( ![]() |
High school GPA[ii] | |
Top 10% | 65.84% ( ![]() |
Top 25% | 91.53% ( ![]() |
Top 50% | 98.96% ( ![]() |
In the fall of 2021 semester, Texas A&M was the largest public American university with an enrollment of 72,982 students[7] pursuing degrees in 10 academic colleges. The student body includes students from all 50 US states and 124 foreign countries. As of the fall of 2018, Texas residents account for 85.00% of the student population, while 8.74% are of international origin. As of 2021, the demographics of the student body are 52.9% male and 47.1% female.[66] Members of ethnic minority groups make up 42.2% of the student population (22.4% Hispanic, 8.8% Asian, 7.2% international, 3.4% black, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, and 3.4% undetermined.).[66] The student body consists of 46.8% women and 53.2% men.[67] According to the US News and World Report, Texas A&M has a student teacher ratio of 19:1, and an average freshmen retention rate of 92% percent.[68] The institution self reports, that in 2019, the school had a four-year graduation rate of 59% and a six-year graduation of 81.7%.[69]
As of 2019, the university enrolled the seventh highest total of National Merit scholars in the United State and third among all public universities.[70][71] As of 2021, about 79% of the student body receives about $810 million in financial aid annually.[72] The admission rate for students who applied as undergraduates in 2020 was 63%.[73] The school is rated as "selective" by US News & World Report.[74]
In the fall 2021 semester, the Dwight Look College of Engineering had the largest enrollment of 29.6%. The College of Liberal Arts and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences followed, enrolling 12% and 11% of the student body, respectively. The College of Education and Human Development and Mays Business School each enrolled 9%. The College of Science enrolled 6% of the students and the remaining schools enrolled less than 5% each. In addition, slightly more than 3% of the student body had not declared a major.[75]
Rankings
Academic rankings | |
---|---|
National | |
Forbes[76] | 50 |
U.S. News & World Report[77] | 68 |
Washington Monthly[78] | 21 |
WSJ/College Pulse[79] | 83 |
Global | |
ARWU[80] | 151–200 |
QS[81] | 168 |
THE[82] | 193 |
U.S. News & World Report[83] | 130 |
In a comparison of educational quality, faculty quality, and research output, Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked Texas A&M 57th nationally and 151st internationally in its 2021 rankings.[84] In its 2021–2022 rankings, The Times Higher Education Supplement listed Texas A&M 61st among North America's universities, and 193rd among world universities.[85] The 2021–2022 QS World University Rankings[86] placed the university 168th overall in the world. In its 2022 edition, the Center for World University Rankings ranked Texas A&M as the 74th university globally and 41st university nationally.[87] In the 2022 edition of the U.S. News and World Report ranking of "national universities", the school was placed 68th nationally and 130th globally.[88][89]
The Washington Monthly assessed Texas A&M 21st nationally in 2021 based on their criteria that weighs research, community service, and social mobility.[90] In 2021 Forbes rated the school as the 17th best public university in the country and 50th overall.[91] After conducting a survey of leading employment recruiters, The Wall Street Journal ranked Texas A&M 2nd nationally, as "most likely to help students land a job in key careers and professions" and the 83rd best college overall.[92][93] As of 2017, according to Best Value Schools,[94] Texas A&M graded first in the nation for the best college for veterans, based on a return on investment. Texas A&M is rated the second-best university for veterans in USA Today[95] and ninth for "business schools for veterans" by the Military Times.[96]
Endowment
The Texas A&M University System has an endowment valued at more than $12.6 billion, second among U.S. public universities and seventh overall.[97][98] Apart from revenue received from tuition and research grants, the university, as part of the university system, is partially funded from two endowments. The smaller endowment, totaling $1.17 billion in assets, is run by the private Texas A&M Foundation.[99] A larger sum is distributed from the Texas Permanent University Fund (PUF). The system holds a one-third stake in this fund. As of 2021[update], the PUF ending net asset value stood at approximately $30 billion.[100][101] Combined, the total endowment stands at $13.5 billion system-wide, as of 2019[update].[99][102] Endowment assets dedicated solely to the College Station campus (as of 2015[update]) are $259.9 million.[103]
Research
![A five-story, tan building behind a street and sidewalk.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Zachry_Engineering_Education_Complex.jpg/220px-Zachry_Engineering_Education_Complex.jpg)
Texas A&M has an extensive research program in various academic, scientific, and commercial fields and, as of 2017, ranked 19th nationally in research and development spending with total expenditure of $905.5 million.[104] Concentrated in two primary areas, Research Valley and Research Park, the school has over 11,750 acres (50 km2) with 3,000,000 square feet (279,000 m2) of dedicated research space.[105] The school is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[15] Among the school's research entities are the Texas Institute for Genomic Medicine, the Texas Transportation Institute, the Cyclotron Institute, the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, and the Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology.[106] Texas A&M University is a member of the SEC Academic Consortium.[107]
Texas A&M works with state and university agencies on various local and international research projects to develop innovations in science and technology that can have commercial applications. The Texas A&M University System, in 2006, was the first to explicitly state in its policy that technology commercialization was a criterion that could be used for tenure. Passage of this policy was intended to give faculty more academic freedom and strengthen the university's industry partnerships.[108][109] The efforts of system-wide faculty and research departments have yielded millions of dollars for the school in royalty-bearing license agreements through more than 900 patents and 1500 patent applications relating to a portfolio of over 2600 inventions. On average, Texas A&M files a patent every week and closes a license agreement every other week.[110][111]
Texas A&M has led the world in several fields of cloning research. Spearheaded by the College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M scientists created the first cloned pet, a cat named 'cc', on December 22, 2001.[112] Texas A&M was also the first academic institution to clone six different species: cattle, a Boer goat, pigs, a cat, a deer and a horse.[113] In 2016, the university was targeted by animal rights group PETA, who alleged abusive experiments on dogs. Texas A&M responded that a video had been posted by PETA with insufficient context, and it said that the dogs had a genetic condition that also affects humans — Duchenne muscular dystrophy — for which there is no cure. "The dogs — who are already affected by this disease — are treated with the utmost respect and exceptional care on site by board-certified veterinarians and highly trained staff. The care team is further subject to scientific oversight by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Muscular Dystrophy Association, among other regulatory bodies."[114][115]
The university is also engaged in significant scientific/exploration projects. In 2004, Texas A&M joined a consortium of universities and countries, as part of its responsibilities under the space grant program, to build the Giant Magellan Telescope in Chile.[116][117] Construction began in November 2015 and, when completed (scheduled 2025), it will be the largest optical telescope ever constructed with has seven mirrors, each with a diameter of 8.4 meters (9.2 yd), the equivalent of a 24.5 meters (26.8 yd) primary mirror and ten times more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope.[118][119] As part of a collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, Texas A&M completed the first conversion of a nuclear research reactor from using highly enriched uranium fuel (70%) to utilizing low-enriched uranium (20%). The eighteen-month project ended on October 13, 2006, after the first ever refueling of the reactor, thus fulfilling a portion of the United States' Global Nuclear Threat Reduction Initiative.[120] In 2013, TAMU geographic researchers named the largest volcano on Earth, Tamu Massif, after the university.[121]
Worldwide
![Four people standing behind a flag each holding their thumb in the air](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/TAMUQ_Profs_and_Students.jpg/220px-TAMUQ_Profs_and_Students.jpg)
Texas A&M has participated in more than 500 research projects in more than 80 countries and leads the Southwestern United States in annual research expenditures. The university conducts research on every continent and has formal research and exchange agreements with 100 institutions in 40 countries.[122] Among these agreements and facilities of international cooperation, Texas A&M owns three international based facilities, a multipurpose center in Mexico City, the Soltis Research and Education Center near the town of San Isidro, Costa Rica, and the Santa Chiara Study Abroad Center in Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy.[123][124] In the 2018 school year, over 5,600 Aggie students, primarily undergraduates, studied abroad in 110 countries.[125] Marine research occurs on the university's branch campus, Texas A&M University at Galveston.[126] It also has collaborations with international facilities such as the Hacienda Santa Clara in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato.[127][128]
Texas A&M's Center for International Business Studies is one of 28 supported by the U.S. Department of Education.[129] The university is also one of only two American universities in partnership with CONACyT, Mexico's equivalent of the National Science Foundation, to support research in areas including biotechnology, telecommunications, energy, and urban development.[130] In addition, the university is the home of "Las Americas Digital Research Network", an online architecture network for 26 universities in 12 nations, primarily in Central and South America.[131]
Texas A&M has a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar. The campus is part of Qatar's "massive venture to import elite higher education from the United States".[132] Texas A&M University at Qatar (TAMUQ) was set up through an agreement between Texas A&M and the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community Development, a foundation started in 1995 by then-emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and his wife and mother of the current emir, Sheikha Moza bint Nasser. All degrees at the Qatar campus are granted by the university's Dwight Look College of Engineering.[133] TAMUQ was opened in 2003, and the current contract extends through 2023.[134] The campus offers undergraduate degrees in chemical, electrical, mechanical and petroleum engineering and a graduate degree in chemical engineering. TAMUQ has received numerous awards for its research.[135] Texas A&M receives $76.2 million per year from the Qatar Foundation for the campus. In the agreement with the Qatar Foundation, TAMU agreed that 70% of its undergraduate population at its Qatar campus would be Qatari citizens.[132] The curriculum aims to "duplicate as closely as possible" the curriculum at College Station, but questions constantly arise over whether this is possible due to Qatar's strict stance on some of the freedoms granted to U.S. students.[135][136] TAMU has also been the subject of criticism over its Qatari campus due to Qatar's alleged ties to Islamic terrorism and human rights record.[137][138] In 2016, Texas A&M Aggie Conservatives, a campus activism group, spoke out against the campus and called for its immediate closure on the grounds that it violated a commitment to educating Texans and diminished the credibility of engineering degrees earned by students at College Station.[139][140]
In 2013, Texas A&M signed an agreement to open a $200 million campus in Nazareth, Israel as a "peace campus" for Arabs and Israelis.[141] The agreement led to protests from students at the Qatari campus who claimed that it was "an insult to [their] people".[138][142] The campus was never opened. Instead, Texas A&M opened a $6 million marine biology center in Haifa, Israel.[143]
Campus
![a skyline view of the Texas A&M campus. Dozens of buildings are visible including one that is domed](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TAMUcampus.jpg/220px-TAMUcampus.jpg)
Texas A&M's College Station campus, one of the ten largest in the country,[17] spans 5,200 acres (21 km2) plus 350 acres (1 km2) for Research Park.[2][18] The university is part of the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area located within Brazos County in the Brazos Valley (Southeast Central Texas) region, an area often referred to as "Aggieland".[144] Aggieland is centrally located within 200 miles (320 km) of 3 of the 10 largest cities in the US and 75% of the Texas and Louisiana populations (approximately 13 million people). The area's major roadway is State Highway 6, and several smaller state highways and Farm to Market Roads connect the area to larger highways such as Interstate 45.[145]
The campus is bisected by a railroad track operated by Union Pacific.[146] The area east of the tracks, known as main campus, includes buildings for the colleges of engineering, architecture, geosciences, science, education and liberal arts. Dormitories, as well as the main dining centers and many campus support facilities, are also on the main campus. Notable buildings on main campus include Kyle Field, Sterling C. Evans Library, the Academic Building, Harrington Hall, the Memorial Student Center, the Administration Building, Rudder Tower, Albritton Bell Tower, and the Bonfire Memorial.[147] To the west of the railroad tracks lies West Campus, which includes most of the sports facilities, the business school, agricultural programs, life sciences, the veterinary college, the political science and economics school, the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, the George Bush Presidential Library and two schools within the Texas A&M Health Science Center.[148]
![a sprawling oak tree with branches arching all the way to the ground over a sidewalk containing a bench](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Century_Tree.jpg/220px-Century_Tree.jpg)
Outside the main campus, the institution formally includes three branch campuses: Texas A&M University at Galveston in Galveston, Texas, devoted to marine research and host to the Texas A&M Maritime Academy, Texas A&M University Higher Education Center at McAllen in McAllen, Texas, devoted to Engineering, Biomedical Science, Public Health, and Food Systems Industry Management,[126] and Texas A&M at Qatar located in Education City in Doha, Qatar, devoted to engineering disciplines,[149]
The Health Science Center, maintains several campuses away from main campus. The university maintains a presence in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas. The College of Dentistry is located in Dallas, Texas. The health science center also maintains a presence in Corpus Christi, Kingsville, Lufkin, McAllen, Round Rock, and Temple.[150] The Texas A&M School of Law, formerly the Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, is located in Fort Worth, Texas.[51][52] Texas A&M maintained the RELLIS campus formerly, Texas A&M Riverside Campus or Bryan Air Force Base. This campus was transferred from the university to become a separate entity within the Texas A&M University System in September 2015.[151]
Student life
Residential life
![A neoclassical building with columns in front of a water tower sporting the greeting, "Welcome to Aggieland"](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sbisa.jpg/220px-Sbisa.jpg)
As of 2021, approximately 23% of the student body lived on campus, primarily in one of two distinct housing sections located on opposite ends of campus.[152][153] Both the Northside and Southside areas contain student residence halls. While some halls are single-sex, most are co-educational.[154] Several halls include a "substance-free" floor, where residents pledge to avoid bringing alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes into the hall.[155]
Northside consists of seventeen student residence halls, including the three university honors halls.[156] Approximately half of the residence halls located on Southside are reserved for members of the Corps of Cadets.[157] Southside has two Learning Living Communities, which allow freshmen to live in a cluster with other students who share common interests.[158] The school also has four major Apartment Building complexes for both staff and students both on and adjacent to the campus.[159][160]
Facilities for the Corps of Cadets are located in the Quadrangle, or "The Quad", an area consisting of dormitories, Duncan Dining Hall, and the Corps training fields.[161] The Corps Arches, a series of twelve arches that "[symbolize] the spirit of the 12th Man of Texas A&M", mark the entrance to the Quadrangle.[162] All cadets, except those who are married or who have had previous military service, must live in the Quad with assigned roommates from the same unit and graduating class. Reveille, the Aggie mascot, lives with her handlers in the Corps in the Quad.[163]
Corps of Cadets
![Row of students in uniform with calf-length boots. Each holds a bugle that dangles a pennant.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/AggieBandFormation.jpg/220px-AggieBandFormation.jpg)
![Secretary of Defense Robert Gates standing with 5 other people in uniform; all are giving a thumbs up gesture](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Secretary_of_Defense_Robert_Gates_and_members_of_Texas_A%26M_University%27s_Corps_of_Cadets.jpg/220px-Secretary_of_Defense_Robert_Gates_and_members_of_Texas_A%26M_University%27s_Corps_of_Cadets.jpg)
Texas A&M is one of six United States Senior Military Colleges. As of 2019, the school's Corps of Cadets (or the Corps) is the largest uniformed student body outside the service academies with more than 2500 members.[164] Many members participate in ROTC programs and earn commissions in the United States Armed Forces upon graduation.[19] Members of the Corps have served in every armed conflict fought by the United States since 1876. Since 1876, over 285 Aggies have served as generals or Flag Officers, as of 2021.[19][165][166][164][167] Until 1965, Corps membership was mandatory. The Corps welcomed female members in the fall of 1974.[168]
The Corps is composed of three Air Force Wings, three Army Brigades, three Navy and Marine Regiments, as well as the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band, whose members may be affiliated with any military branch.[169] Parson's Mounted Cavalry is the only mounted ROTC unit in the United States.[170] The Ross Volunteer Company, the oldest student-run organization in the state, is the official honor guard for the Governor of Texas.[171] The Fish Drill Team, a precision, close-order rifle drill team composed entirely of Corps freshmen, represents the school in local and national competitions. They have won the national championship almost every year since their creation in 1946, and have appeared in several Hollywood productions, with prominent roles in the movies A Few Good Men and Courage Under Fire.[172]
The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band, the world's largest precision military marching band, provides music for University functions and presents halftime performances at football games.[173] Some band drills are so complicated that they require band members to step between each other's feet to complete the maneuvers.[174] These drills must be drawn by hand as computer marching programs return errors without disabling safety features; their calculations require two people to be in the same spot at the same time.[175] Corps of Cadets membership is a requirement to join the Aggie Band, and bandsmen live by the same standards, schedules, and regimens as the rest of the Corps.[176]
Activities
![28 people standing on risers are signing while wearing white military-style uniforms](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Texas_A%26M_Singing_Cadets.jpg/220px-Texas_A%26M_Singing_Cadets.jpg)
Texas A&M has over 1,000 student organizations, including academic, service, religious, Greek and common interest organizations.[177] Texas A&M is home to 58 nationally or internationally recognized Greek letter organizations. About 10% of the undergraduate population is affiliated with a Greek fraternity or sorority.[178][179]
One of the oldest student organizations is the Singing Cadets, founded in 1893. The Singing Cadets are an all-male choral group with about 70 members not affiliated with the Corps of Cadets.[180] Texas A&M Hillel, the oldest Hillel organization in the United States, was founded in 1920 at the original college.[181][182] Since 1955, the MSC Student Conference on National Affairs has held conferences, lectures, and other programs to discuss national and international issues with speakers.[183][184][185] GLBT Aggies is the descendant organization of Gay Student Services (GSS), the only student organization to successfully sue the institution for official recognition.[186] In the decision Gay Student Services v. Texas A&M University, the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals held that the First Amendment required public universities to recognize student organizations aimed at gay students.[187] The Department of Recreational Sports provides athletic activities to the school community. Facilities include the Student Recreation Center, a natatorium; the Penberthy Rec Sports Complex; and the Omar Smith Instructional Tennis Center.[188]
The Student Government Association (SGA), one of A&M's largest organizations, consists of over 1,300 student members in 3 branches, 15 committees, and 4 commissions.[189] The Graduate Student Council, founded in 1995, serves as the student government for Texas A&M University's graduate and professional students.[190]
Aggie students founded the largest one-day student-run service project in America known as The Big Event. The annual service project allows students to give back to their community by assisting local residents.[191] The organization CARPOOL, a student-run, safe ride program has provided over 250,000 free rides (as of 2016[update]) to Aggies unable to transport themselves home. Its organizers also assist other universities in establishing similar programs.[192][193]
Media
The school newspaper, The Battalion, has been in production since 1893.[194] The Aggieland, formerly known as The Olio and The Longhorn, is one of America's largest college yearbooks in number of pages and copies sold.[195][196] The university houses three public broadcasting stations: KAMU-TV, a PBS member station since 1970, KAMU-FM, an NPR affiliate since 1977,[197] and the student-run KANM, "the college station of College Station".[198] W5AC broadcast the first live, play-by-play broadcast of a college football game, at Kyle Field, in November 1921.[199]
Traditions
![Close-up of gold ring. On the top, the words Texas A&M University 1876 encircle an eagle atop a shield over the numbers 0 and 4. The left side contains a large star and an oak. The right shows a cannon, saber, and rifle with the crossed flags of the United States and Texas.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/AggieRing.jpg/220px-AggieRing.jpg)
The Texas A&M culture is a product of the university's founding as a rural military and agricultural school. Although the school and surrounding community have grown, and military training is no longer required, the school's history has instilled in students "the idealized elements of a small-town life: community, tradition, loyalty, optimism, and unabashed sentimentality".[200] Texas Monthly posits that Texas A&M students' respect for school traditions and values is the university's greatest strength.[201] These traditions enable and encourage students and alumni to cultivate the Aggie Spirit, a strong sense of loyalty and respect for the school.[202] They dictate many aspects of student life, including how to greet others (using the official school greeting of "Howdy!"),[203] how to act at an A&M sporting event, and what words a student may use in conversation.[204]
A visible designation tradition among senior undergraduates, graduate students nearing the end of their program, and former students is wearing the Aggie Ring, whose design has been relatively unchanged since its introduction in 1894.[205][206] Although unsanctioned by the university, many students "dunk" their newly acquired Aggie Rings into a pitcher of beer, ice cream, or nonalcoholic beverage and consume the substance to obtain a feeling that they have earned the ring.[207]
![21 cadets in white uniforms perform a salute with a rifle](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/AggieMuster.jpg/220px-AggieMuster.jpg)
Aggies have created two traditions to honor former students of the university who have died. Aggie Muster is held annually on April 21, the anniversary of the Battle of San Jacinto, to honor students and alumni who died the previous year. Over 300 Musters are held around the world, with the largest taking place at Reed Arena on the Texas A&M University campus.[208] All Muster ceremonies feature the Roll Call for the Absent. As the names of the deceased Aggies are called, a family member or friend answers "Here" and lights a candle, to symbolize that although their loved one is not present in body, his or her spirit will shine forever.[209][210] The event received worldwide attention during World War II, when 25 Aggies "mustered" during the battle for the island of Corregidor.[211]
Students who die while enrolled at Texas A&M are honored at Silver Taps. The ceremony is held, when necessary, on the first Tuesday of the month. This tradition began as a memorial for former Texas A&M president Lawrence Sullivan Ross.[212] On the day of the ceremony, flags fly half-staff and notices are posted throughout campus. At 10:15 pm the lights around campus are extinguished and hymns chime from Albritton Tower while students and faculty gather in the Academic Plaza. Following a 21-gun salute by the Ross Volunteer Firing Squad, six buglers play an A&M version of the song Taps, called Silver Taps, from the dome of the school's Academic Building. The song is played three times towards the north, the south and to the west. The song is not played to the east symbolizing that the sun will never rise on that Aggie again.[210]
Sports
![Large flames engulf the top layer of a circular three-tier structure of logs; the logs are vertical to the ground.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/2007-SBF.jpg/170px-2007-SBF.jpg)
Aggie students are called the 12th Man, meaning in the context of football that the students support the eleven players on the field and would be willing, if it were possible, to enter the game if necessary. To symbolize their "readiness, desire, and enthusiasm", it is traditional for students in attendance to stand throughout the sports game.[213] The tradition to stand began on January 2, 1922, at the Dixie Classic where A&M played Centre College. A&M had so many injuries that Coach Dana X. Bible feared he would not have enough men to finish the game. He called into the stands for E. King Gill, a reserve who had left football after the regular season to play basketball, to prepare to play in the game. A&M won 22–14, but E. King Gill was the only player left available on the sidelines for the Aggies.[214] In recent decades, the 12th Man is represented on the field by a walk-on player who wears the number 12 jersey and participates in kick-offs.[215]
The 12th Man uses a variety of school yells, rather than cheers, to support Aggie teams. Each year the student body elects five students to serve as the Yell Leaders.[216] At midnight before each home football game at Kyle Field, or at a predesignated location at away games, the fans gather together to practice the yells for the next day's game at an event called Midnight Yell Practice.[203][217] Led by the Yell Leaders and the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band, the 12th Man file practice yells, sing the War Hymn, joke about their opponents, and practice celebrating.[217][218] Sports Illustrated named Midnight Yell as one of the "100 Things You Gotta Do Before You Graduate".[219]
Almost every year since 1909, A&M students have built a large bonfire to celebrate their rivalry with the University of Texas.[220] Aggie Bonfire was traditionally lit around Thanksgiving in conjunction with the festivities surrounding the annual college football game between the schools.[221] Although it began as a trash pile,[222] Aggie Bonfire evolved into a massive six-tiered structure eventually achieving a then-world-record height for a bonfire of 109 feet (30 m).[221][223] The collapse of the 1999 structure, causing the deaths of eleven students and a former student, prompted the university to suspend the official sanction of the bonfire, but the tradition continues off-campus.[224][225]
Athletics
![a crowd of people watch a football game at a three-tiered stadium](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Kyle_Field_Montana_State_vs_A%26M_Sept_1_2007.jpg/220px-Kyle_Field_Montana_State_vs_A%26M_Sept_1_2007.jpg)
The Aggies are a member of the Southeastern Conference of the NCAA for all sports as of 2012[update].[226][227] They were previously a charter member of the Southwest Conference until its dissolution in 1996 and competed in the Big 12 Conference until June 30, 2012. The school's twenty sports teams are known as the Aggies, and the school's colors are maroon and white.[228] As of 2021[update], Aggies had earned 173 conference titles and 19 national championships.[229][230]
A&M's archrival is the University of Texas Longhorns. They played regularly in most athletic sports until joining the Southeastern Conference. In 2004, sporting events between the Aggies and Longhorns became known as the Lone Star Showdown; the most-watched event in the rivalry was the annual football game held the day of Thanksgiving.[231][232] Other long-standing rivalries include Texas Tech, Baylor University, the University of Arkansas, and Louisiana State University.[233][234][235][236]
Football
Founded in 1894, the football team has won eighteen Southwest Conference championships, three Big 12 South Division championships, and one Big 12 championship. The university also claims three national championships.[237][238] As of 2021, the team has appeared in 42 bowl games, winning 20,[239] and former players have included 41 first Team All-Americans, 5 Academic All-Americans, and 2 Heisman Trophy winners: John David Crow in 1957 and Johnny Manziel in 2012.[240][241] Since 1904, home football games have been played at Kyle Field, a stadium with a current capacity of 102,500.[242] As of 2021, the football team's is led by Jimbo Fisher in his fifth season as head coach.[243]
Basketball
![a crowd of people in mostly white T-shirts watch an indoor basketball game; a T with a start on it is upside down and featured prominently under the players](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lss_2008_bb_damion_james.jpg/220px-Lss_2008_bb_damion_james.jpg)
Founded in 1912, the men's basketball team won eleven Southwest Conference championships and two Southwest Conference Tournament championships. The team has appeared in the National Invitation Tournament six times and in the NCAA Tournament eleven times, of which three resulted in Sweet Sixteen appearances, most recently in the 2015–16 season, the highest round to which the Aggies have advanced.[244] As of 2021, the basketball team is led by Buzz Williams in his tenth season as head coach.[245]
The women's basketball team has one Southwest Conference Tournament championship, one regular season Big 12 Conference championship, two Big 12 Tournament championships, and two SEC Tournament championships, most recently in 2021. As of 2021[update], the women have advanced to sixteen NCAA Tournament appearances including their last fourteen consecutive seasons, winning the National Championship in 2011. They have also competed in the WNIT twice, winning that tournament in 1995.[246] The women's team has been coached by Gary Blair since 2003.[247] G. Rollie White Coliseum, formerly the home of the volleyball and basketball teams, hosted basketball games before the 12,889-seat Reed Arena opened in 1998.[248][249]
Other sports
As of 2021, the women's soccer team, formed in 1993, has been in every NCAA Tournament appearances since 1995.[250] The women's volleyball team is a frequent qualifier for the annual NCAA tournament including thirteen consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances from 1993 to 2005.[251][252]
Hall of Fame
The Texas A&M Athletic Hall of Fame was established in 1964 to "acknowledge athletes whose accomplishments on the field have brought credit to Texas A&M". As of 2018, it features 297 inductees.The Hall of Fame also hosts the Hall of Honor and Lettermen's Lifetime Achievement Award.[253] The Texas A&M Athletic Hall of Honor was established in 1977 to "recognizes individuals who have gone above and beyond in contributions and support of the athletic programs at Texas A&M".[253] The Lettermen's Lifetime Achievement Award was established in 2011 to recognize "lettermen, who after graduation, have gone on to gain prominence through his or her efforts in industry, commerce, technology, athletics, the professions, or other worthy endeavors".[253]
Notable Alumni and Faculty
Alumni
With over 508,000 alumni,[254] A&M has one of the largest and most active alumni groups in America.[255] Many Aggies have attained local, national, and international prominence.[256] Jorge Quiroga and Martin Torrijos have served as heads of state for Bolivia and Panama, respectively. Rick Perry served as the United States Secretary of Energy, former Governor of Texas, and ran as a 2012 US presidential candidate. Current Congressmen Louie Gohmert is also a graduate.[257] William A. Pailes, Michael E. Fossum, and Steven Swanson became NASA astronauts.[258] Holly Ridings, mechanical engineer, became the first woman to be chief flight director at NASA.[259] Phyllis Frye is a residing judge in Houston, Texas, and the first transgender judge in the United States.[260]
Several notable alumni have excelled in sports including Heisman Trophy winners John David Crow and Johnny Manziel and Heisman runner-up, legislator, and actor John Kimbrough[261] and Randy Barnes, indoor/outdoor shot put world record holder. In popular culture, Robert Earl Keen and Lyle Lovett, who played on the porch of their Northgate home on the university's campus, have become country singers.[262] Wen Ho Lee, a doctoral graduate of A&M, became the subject of a 1999 espionage investigation; though arrested, charges were dropped in 2000 and later settled lawsuits with the US government.[263] Aggies in business include Lowry Mays, chairman and CEO of Clear Channel Communications;[261] George P. Mitchell, chairman and CEO, Mitchell Energy and Development Corp.;[257] Khalid A. Al-Falih, President and CEO of Saudi Aramco;[264] and Eduardo Castro-Wright, CEO of Wal-Mart Stores USA.[265]
Many Aggies have become leaders in the armed forces. General Bernard Adolph Schriever, known as "the architect of the Air Force's ballistic missile and military space program", became the namesake of Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado.[266][267] General Michael Moseley is a former Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force.[268] Seven Aggies received the Medal of Honor in World War II: Horace S. Carswell, Jr., Thomas W. Fowler, William Harrell, Lloyd H. Hughes, George D. Keathley, Turney W. Leonard, and Eli L. Whiteley[269] In addition, Clarence E. Sasser received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Vietnam War prior to enrolling at the school.[270][271]
Notable faculty
Notable faculty include nine Nobel Prize laureates including Derek Barton[272][273] Elias James Corey,[274] Sheldon Lee Glashow[275] Robert H. Grubbs,[276] Dudley R. Herschbach,[277] Jack Kilby,[278] David Lee,[279][280] and Vernon L. Smith.[281] In addition, Norman Borlaug, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, was one of only five people in history to have won the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.[282] US Senator Phil Gramm taught economics.[283] In addition, Pulitzer Prize recipient Charles Gordone also taught at Texas A&M.[284] Aviation pioneer Fred Weick did much of his post war research at Texas A&M.[285]
Notes
- ^ The seal contains the date 1876, the year in which Texas A&M began classes. This is not a discrepancy as both 1871 (the year the Texas Legislature appropriated funds to begin A&M's construction) and 1876 can be considered the dates of establishment depending on the definition used and the reference sourced (even within the Texas A&M University System).
- ^ The institution's branch campuses, Texas A&M University at Galveston and Texas A&M University at Qatar, are considered part of Texas A&M's Main Campus. These branches are located in Galveston, Texas and in Education City, Doha, Qatar respectively.
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