Conflict
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Combatant 1
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Combatant 2
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Result
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Medieval Albania: First Medieval Albanian state to the Fall of Shkodër (1190–1478)
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Albanian-Epirote War of 1359
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Albanian Losha Family Albanian Shpata Family
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Despotate of Epirus
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Victory
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Thopia Uprising against the Anjou (1358–1368)
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File:Flag of Princedom of Albania.jpg Albanian Thopia family
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Angevin Kingdom of Naples
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Victory
- Most of the territory of the Kingdom of Albania other than Durrës is captured by the Thopia from 1358 to 1362.
- First Siege of Durrës from April 1362 to May 1363 by the Albanians fails.
- Second Siege of Durrës from 1367 to 1368 leads to the Thopia's taking Durrës.
- The Thopia's form the Princedom of Albania in 1368.
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Albanian Siege of Yanina (1367–1370)
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Albanian Losha Family
Aromanian Mazaraki Tribe Aromanian Malakasi Tribe
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Despotate of Epirus in Ioannina
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Ceasefire
- Albanian forces with support from Aromanian tribes besiege and attack Yanina from 1367 to 1370.[citation needed]
- An agreement is made where the daughter, Irene, of the ruler of Epirus, Thomas Preljubović marries the son, John, of the ruler of Arta, Peter Losha. This ends the siege.
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Second Albanian Siege of Yanina (1375)
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Despotate of Arta
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Despotate of Epirus in Ioannina
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Defeat
- Epirote forces repel Albanian invaders.
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First Zenebishi Uprising against the Ottomans (1385–1386)
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Albanian Zenebishi Family
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Ottoman Empire
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Victory
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First Epirote Invasion of the Principality of Gjirokastër (April 1399–1400)
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Albanian Zenebishi Family
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Despotate of Epirus Pro-Epirote Albanian Clans
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Victory
- Epirote forces lead by Esau de' Buondelmonti invade Zenebishi territory in 1399, but are routed in battle by the Albanians and Esau is captured.
- Esau is released after a large ransom is paid in 1400, ending the war.
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Second Epirote Invasion of the Principality of Gjirokastër (1412)
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Albanian Zenebishi Family[1]
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Despotate of Epirus Greeks of Ioannina
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Defeat
- Epirote forces under Carlo I Tocco, with assistance from the Greeks of Ioannina, capture Ioannina from the Zenebishi.[1]
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Albanian Invasion of Epirus (1412) (1412)
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Albanian Zenebishi Family
Albanian Losha Family
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Despotate of Epirus Greeks of Ioannina
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Inconclusive
- Albanians invade Epirus following the successful Epirote takeover of Ioannina from the Principality of Epirus.[citation needed]
- Invasion is successful, with the Epirote leader, Carlo I Tocco, defeated in battle. However, the Albanians fail to retake Ioannina.
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First Ottoman Invasion of the Principality of Gjirokastër (1414)
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Albanian Zenebishi Family
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Ottomans conquer the territory of the Principality.
- Ruler of the Principality, John Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu.
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Second Zenebishi Uprising against the Ottomans (1416)
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Albanian Mountain Tribes Albanian Zenebishi Family Republic of Venice
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Ottoman Empire
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Victory
- Albanian Tribal Uprising along with an invasion by John Zenebishi's forces retakes lost territory.
- The Principality of Gjirokastër is restored.
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Second Ottoman Invasion of the Principality of Gjirokastër (1418)
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Albanian Zenebishi Family
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Ottomans successfully besiege Gjirokastër and reconquer the territory of the Principality.
- Ruler of the Principality, Depë Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu.
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Ottoman-Albanian Wars of 1443 to 1479 (1443–1479)
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1443–1444:
Kastrioti Family
Arianiti Family
1444–1446:
League of Lezhë
1446–1450
League of Lezhë
Angevin Kingdom of Naples
1450–1451 Albanians under Skanderbeg
File:Muzaka, Albanian Family Principality.png Muzaka Lordship
Angevin Kingdom of Naples
1451–1454:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples
File:Muzaka, Albanian Family Principality.png Muzaka Lordship
1454–1456:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples
File:Muzaka, Albanian Family Principality.png Muzaka Lordship
1456–1468
Angevin Kingdom of Naples
File:Muzaka, Albanian Family Principality.png Muzaka Lordship
Republic of Venice
1468–1478
Angevin Kingdom of Naples
1478–1479
Angevin Kingdom of Naples
Republic of Venice
Lordship of Zeta (Siege of Shkodra only)
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1443–1444
Ottoman Empire
1444–1446
Ottoman Empire
1446–1450:
Ottoman Empire
1450–1451
Ottoman Empire
Principality of Dukagjini
State of Arianiti
1451–1454:
Ottoman Empire
1454–1456:
Ottoman Empire
1456–1468
Ottoman Empire
1468–1478
Ottoman Empire
1478–1479
Ottoman Empire
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Ottoman capture of Albania halted until 1479.
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Albanian–Venetian War (December 1447–October 1448)
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League of Lezhë
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Republic of Venice Pro-Venetian Alliance:
Ottoman Empire
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Victory
- Albanians besiege Dagnum and Durazzo in December.
- Ottomans invade Albania and besiege Svetigrad in May.
- Albanian victory at the Battle of the River Drin in July. Scutari is besieged.
- Balec is garrisoned by the Albanians but a Venetian offensive retakes and burns down the fortress. An Albanian assault against a Venetian fortress by Hamza Kastrioti is defeated.
- Svetigrad falls to the Ottomans in late July.
- Ottoman invasion repelled at the First Battle of Oranik in August.
- With Durazzo, Scutari, and Dagnum close to surrender, Venetians make peace in October.
- Venice keeps Dagnum and cedes all territory on the Albanian side of the Drin to the League. Venice also pays Skanderbeg a life time pension and provides trade privileges to the Arianiti.
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Ottoman Albania (1479–1912)
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First Dukagjin Invasion of Albania (1481)
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Dukagjini Family
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
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Second Dukagjin Invasion of Albania (1501)
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Dukagjini Family
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Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat
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Seven-fold barjak Uprising (1658)
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"Seven-fold barjak" Alliance:
Republic of Venice
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Ottoman Empire
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Unknown
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Medun Uprising (1688)
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Anti-Ottoman Tribal Alliance:
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Ottoman Empire
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Unknown
- Ottoman forces are defeated in two separate battles.
- The area of Medun along with supplies are captured.
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Hoti-Kuči Uprising of 1694 (1694)
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Anti-Ottoman Tribal Alliance:
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Ottoman Empire
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Unknown
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Albanian Revolt of 1833 in Kolonjë (January 1833)[2]
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Tosk Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Revolts begin in protest to new Ottoman reforms in Albania.
- Revolts in Kolonjë are crushed.
- Following this, many revolts follow in the coming decades.
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Albanian Revolt of 1833 in Dibër (January 1833)[2]
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Dibran Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Revolts in Dibër are crushed.
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Albanian Revolt of 1833 in Southern Albania (July–September 1833)
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Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Victory
- Large areas of Southern Albania are captured by the Rebels, including the Castle of Berat.
- The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands.
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Albanian Revolt of 1833 in Shkodër (April–December 1833)
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Shkodran Rebels Malsor Rebels [2]
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Ottoman Empire
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Victory
- Shkodër is captured by the Rebels.
- Ottomans unsuccessfully besiege Shkodër for three months.
- The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands.
- Violations of agreements by the Ottomans in 1835 starts another revolt.
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Albanian Revolt of 1834 (November 1834– January 1835)
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Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Victory
- Berat is captured by the Rebels after two months of siege.
- The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands in January 1835 following the fall of Berat.
- Agreements of peace are violated by the Ottomans later in 1835, starting another revolt.
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Albanian Revolt of 1835 in South Albania (January–May 1835)
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Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels Çam Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Rebels march against Ioannina.
- Ottoman reinforcements force the Rebels to retreat.
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Albanian Revolt of 1835 in Myzeqe (May 1835)
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Myzeq Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
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Albanian Revolt of 1835 in North Albania (May–September 1835)
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Shkodran Rebels Reinforcements:[2] Kosovar Volunteers Malsor Volunteers Gheg Volunteers Mirdita Tribesmen Mati Tribesmen Dibran Volunteers
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Ottoman Empire
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Mixed results
- Large areas of North Albania rise up in revolt, with Shkodër besieged and the rebels defeat the Ottomans in battle.
- Albanian reinforcements to the Shkodrans are sent from Postribe, Kosovo, Malësia, Ulqin (now Ulcinj), Podgorica, Mirditë, Mat and Dibra.
- Ottoman forces are defeated in battle by the insurgents in July.
- Ottomans trick many rebels into withdrawing through a false ceasefire, and successfully capture Lezhë relieve Shkodër.
- Ottomans carry out Albanian demands in order to calm the situation.
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Albanian Revolt of 1836 in South Albania (June–August 1836)
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Tosk Rebels
Lab Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Albanian rebellion in Vlora is suppressed.
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Albanian Revolt of 1837 in Mat (January–February 1837)[2]
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Mati Tribesmen
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat
- Rebellion in Mat is suppressed.
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Albanian Revolt of 1837 in Myzeqe (June–August 1837)
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Myzeq Rebels
Tosk Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Rebel victory at the Battle of Berat.
- Rebel defeat at the Battle of Frakulla.
- Local leaders captured and rebellion in Myzeqe is suppressed.
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Albanian Revolt of 1837 in North Albania (June–August 1837)[2]
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Kosovar Rebels
Gheg Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat
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Albanian Revolt of 1837 in Dibër (September–November 1837)[2]
|
Dibran Rebels
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Victory
- Upper and Lower Dibër are captured by the rebels.
- Ottomans meet rebel demands.
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Albanian Revolt of 1839 in South Albania (August–September 1839)
|
Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Victory
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Albanian Revolt of 1839 in Prizren (September 1839)[2]
|
Kosovar Rebels
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Victory
- Prizren is captured by rebels in protest of new reforms.
- Ottomans drop reforms and the revolt ends.
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Uprising of Dervish Cara (July 1843–June 1844)
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Gheg Rebels Kosovar Rebels Shkodran Rebels Tosk Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Albanians capture large areas in northern Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia.
- Ottomans promise Albanian autonomy but then launch an invasion, retaking areas and suppressing the rebellion.
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Albanian Revolt of 1843–44 in Dibër (July 1843–November 1844)
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Dibran Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Mixed results
- Ottoman Pyrrhic victory in the Battle of Gjuricë.
- Rebellion defeated but some rebel demands met.
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Albanian Revolt of 1845 (May–July 1845)
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Kosovar Rebels Gheg Rebels
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Ottoman Empire Malsor Albanian Conscripts Mirdita Albanian Conscripts Mati Albanian Conscripts Shkodran Albanian Conscripts Gheg Albanian Conscripts from Gucia and Plava Serbian Vasojevići Conscripts Serbian Kuči Conscripts
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Rebel Defeat
- Rebels capture areas in northern Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia.
- Ottomans with Albanian and Serbian irregulars retake areas and end the revolt.
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Albanian Revolt of 1847 (July–December 1847)
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Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels Çam Rebels
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Ottoman Empire
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Defeat
- Rebels defeat the Ottomans in four separate battles and besiege the castles of Berat and Gjirokastër. Large areas of Southern Albania are captured.
- Ottomans organise a false amnesty, in which many of the rebel leaders are captured.
- Ottomans lift the sieges and areas are retaken.
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Battles for Plav and Gusinje (1878–1879)
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League of Prizren Support:: Ottoman Empire
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Principality of Montenegro
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Victory
- Montenegrin victory at the First Battle of Velika.
- Albanian victories at the Second Battle of Velika and the Battle of Novšiće.
- Montenegro drops claims to Plav and Gusinje and instead Ulcinj is ceded to Montenegro by the Ottomans.
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League of Prizren Secessionist War (1880–1881)
|
League of Prizren
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Ottoman Empire Principality of Montenegro The Great Powers
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Defeat
- League of Prizren captures areas of Kosovo and prevents Montenegrin annexation of Ulcinj.
- Great Powers blockade Ulcinj and request the Ottomans "to pacify" the League.
- Ottoman forces take Prizren, dismantles the League and deports their leaders. They then invade Ulcinj and deliver it to Montenegro.
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Albanian Revolt of 1910 (May–June 1910)
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Albanian Rebels Vocal Support: Kingdom of Bulgaria Kingdom of Montenegro
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Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat
- Areas of the Kosovo Vilayet captured by the Rebels are partially retaken by the Ottomans.
- Rebellion suppressed.
- Rebels limited to the highlands.
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Albanian Revolt of 1911 (1911)
|
Albanian Rebels
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Peace is negotiated
- Albanian victory in the Battle of Deçiq.
- Compromise reached afterwards ending the revolt.
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Albanian Revolt of 1912 (1912)
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Kosovar Rebels Gheg Rebels Shkodran Rebels Malsor Rebels Dibran Rebels Central Albanian Muslims Tosk Rebels Mati Tribesmen
Mirdita Tribesmen Ottoman Albanian Deserters Armaments Support: Kingdom of Montenegro Vocal Support: British Empire Kingdom of Bulgaria
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Ottoman Empire
|
Victory
|
Independence to the end of the First World War (1912–1918)
|
Serbian invasion of Albania during the First Balkan Wars (1912–1913)
|
Ottoman Empire
Albanian Guerillas
Albanian Tribesmen
|
Kingdom of Serbia
|
Serbian Victory
- Serbia defeats Ottoman forces and captures large areas of Kosovo, Macedonia, Northern Albania and Central Albania. The Serbian army commits massacres against the Albanians living there.
- Serbia forms Drač County and other counties on newly conquered Albanian territory from the Ottomans.
- Serbia is forced to retreat from parts of Albania following the signing of the Treaty of London. Serbia annexes Kosovo and Macedonia and continues to occupy northern Albania.
- Austro-Hungarian pressure forces Serbian retreat from Northern Albania by November 1913.
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Siege of Shkodër (1912–1913)
|
Ottoman Empire Albanian volunteers Naval Support in May 1913 only: British Empire Kingdom of Italy
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Kingdom of Montenegro
Catholic Albanian Volunteers
Kingdom of Serbia
|
Status quo ante bellum
|
Greek invasion of Albania and Epirus during the First Balkan War (1912–1913)
|
Ottoman Empire
Albanian Guerillas
Albanian Tribesmen
|
Kingdom of Greece
|
Greek victory
- Ottoman troops are defeated in Epirus and Albania.
- Çamëria/Southern Epirus is annexed by Greece.
- Northern Epirus is occupied by Greece.
- Greeks retreat from Northern Epirus after the region is annexed by Albania following the Protocol of Florence.
- Northern Epirus declares independence shortly after the Greek retreat, resulting in the First Northern Epirote Uprising.
|
Ohrid-Debar Uprising (September–October 1913)
|
State of Albania
Albanian Rebels in Macedonia
Kingdom of Bulgaria
IMRO
|
Kingdom of Serbia
|
Defeat
- Rebellion suppressed.
- Albanian and Bulgarian forces withdraw from Macedonia.
|
First Northern Epirote Uprising (March–May 1914)
|
Principality of Albania Albanian irregulars Kingdom of the Netherlands
|
Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus Kingdom of Greece
|
Ceasefire
- Northern Epirotes take control over large parts of Southern Albania (Northern Epirus).
- Greek forces withdraw from Northern Epirus and the Greek government stays neutral against this revolution.[3]
- Albania unsuccessfully tried to regain control of Northern Epirus.
- The Protocol of Corfu ends hostilities and gives Northern Epirus autonomy inside of Albania.
|
First Peasant Revolt in Albania (May–August 1914)
|
Principality of Albania Kosovar Albanian Kachaks Mirdita Tribesmen Mati Tribesmen Austro-Hungarian Volunteers
Romanian Volunteers Support: Kingdom of the Netherlands
Austro-Hungarian Empire
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Muslim Albanian Rebels Republic of Central Albania Support:: Ottoman Empire
|
Muslim Albanian victory
- Essad Pasha Toptani takes over large parts of Central Albania and forms a new state.
- Toptani's invasion of Elbasan is repelled. Dutch forces shell Toptani's house, forcing his surrender.
- Toptani is deported to Italy but the revolt continues.
- Muslim Rebels defeat Dutch-Mirdita Catholic forces at the Battle of Shijak.
- Muslim Rebels capture Berat and Vlora.
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Second Peasant Revolt in Albania (September 1914)
|
Principality of Albania Kingdom of the Netherlands
|
Muslim Albanian Rebels
|
Muslim Albanian victory
- Durrës is besieged.
- The Senate of Central Albania formed.
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Second Northern Epirote Uprising (September–October 1914)
|
Principality of Albania
Republic of Central Albania
|
Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
|
Defeat
- Northern Epirotes capture Berat from the Republic of Central Albania.
- Greece invades Southern Albania in October.
|
Third Peasant Revolt in Albania (September–October 1914)
|
Principality of Albania
|
Republic of Central Albania Muslim Albanian Rebels Support Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Italy
|
Republic of Central Albania Victory
- Toptani invades and captures Central Albania and Dibër with Italian and Serb support and reforms the Republic of Central Albania.
- Durrës is captured by Toptani unopposed.
|
Greek Invasion of Northern Epirus (October 1914)
|
Principality of Albania
|
Kingdom of Greece Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
|
Defeat
- Greece annexes Northern Epirus.
|
Fourth Peasant Revolt in Albania (November 1914)
|
Republic of Central Albania Support Kingdom of Italy
|
Muslim Albanian Rebels
|
Mixed Results
- Rebels take control of parts of the Republic.
- Toptani, with Italian support, keeps control of Durrës.
|
Italian invasion of Vlorë (December 1914)
|
Principality of Albania
|
Kingdom of Italy
|
Defeat
|
Serbian army's retreat through Albania (October 1915–January 1916)
|
Albanian Guerillas
Albanian Tribesmen
|
Army of the Kingdom of Serbia
|
Mixed results
- Serbian army retreats through Albania to Corfu with heavy losses due cold, starvation, disease and attacks from Albanians.
|
Central Power invasion and occupation of Albania (December 1915
|
Austro-Hungarian Empire Kingdom of Bulgaria (Until September 1917) Gheg Guerillas]] Tosk Guerillas Mati Tribesmen
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Republic of Central Albania
Kingdom of Italy French Third Republic
Kingdom of Greece
|
Interwar Period (1918–1939)
|
Uprising of Dukagjini (1919)
|
Kosovar Albanian Kachaks Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo
|
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
|
Defeat
|
Vlora War (1920)
|
Principality of Albania
Albanian Rebels
|
Kingdom of Italy
|
Victory
- All Italian-controlled territory in Albania regained.
|
Albanian Revolt of 1922 (1922)
|
Principality of Albania
|
Albanian Kachaks Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo
|
Albanian Principality Victory
- Kachaks capture parts of north-eastern Tirana.
- British diplomat Harry Eyres convinces the Kachaks to retreat to Dibër and Kosovo.
|
Kachak Invasion of Albania (1923)
|
Principality of Albania
|
Kosovar Albanian Kachaks Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo
|
Albanian Principality Victory
- Kachak offensive into northern Albania captures areas in the Has and Tropojë districts.
- Albanian offensives pushes the Kachaks back into Kosovo and captures Junik.
- The Neutral Zone of Junik in Kosovo is ceded by Albania to Yugoslavia.
- Resistance against Yugoslav annexation causes the Drenica-Junik Uprising.
|
June Revolution (1924)
|
Fan Noli supporters (Albanian peasants) Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo
|
Ahmet Zogu supporters (Mati Tribesmen)
|
Peasant Victory
|
Drenica-Junik Uprising (1924)
|
Kosovar Albanian Kachaks Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo
|
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
|
Kachak Defeat
|
Yugoslav Invasion of Albania (1924)
|
Ahmet Zogu supporters (Mati Tribesmen)
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
|
Fan Noli supporters (Albanian peasants) Principality of Albania Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo
|
Yugoslav-Zogu Victory
- Fan Noli is ousted from power.
- Ahmet Zogu forms the Albanian Republic and is made dictator.
- Zogu's forces assassinate the leadership of the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo.
|
Italian invasion of Albania (1939)
|
Kingdom of Albania
|
Kingdom of Italy
|
Defeat
|
Second World War (1939–1945)
|
Greco-Italian War (1940–1941)
|
Kingdom of Italy
|
Kingdom of Greece Air support: British Empire
|
Stalemate
- Greek tactical victory, strategic stalemate.
- German intervention in 1941 with eventual Greek surrender.
|
Albanian Resistance of World War II (1939–1944)
|
LANÇ Legality Movement
Balli Kombëtar (Until 1943)
|
Kingdom of Italy (Until 1943)
Nazi Germany (From 1943)
Balli Kombëtar (From 1943)
Second League of Prizren (From 1943)
|
Albanian Communist Victory
- Liberation of Albania from Axis occupation.
- Balli Kombëtar defeated.
- Albania becomes a Communist state.
|
Cold War (1945–1991)
|
Greek Civil War (1946–1949)
|
Provisional Democratic Government
NOF partisans
Supported by:
Socialist Yugoslavia
Socialist Bulgaria
Socialist Albania
|
Kingdom of Greece
Supported by:
United Kingdom
United States (after 1947)
|
Hellenic Army victory
- Communist forces defeated.
|
Post Cold War era (1991–)
|
Pyramid Crisis (1997)
|
Berisha Government
Italy
Greece
|
Rebels
|
Government victory
- Restoration of law and order in Albania.
- New Parliamentary elections held.
|
Kosovo War - Albania–Yugoslav border incident (1999)
|
Albania
|
FR Yugoslavia
|
Albanian Victory
- Yugoslav forces withdraw from Albania and later Kosovo.
|
War in Afghanistan (2010–)[4]
|
ISAF
Afghanistan
|
Taliban
Al-Qaeda
|
Ongoing
- Fall of Taliban régime
- Ongoing Taliban insurgency
|