Khukhrain: Difference between revisions
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==Post Partition Of India 1947== |
==Post Partition Of India 1947== |
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Most of the Hindu or Sikh, Kukhrans moved perforce to [[India]] following the [[partition of India]] in 1947. Khukreins among Hindu/Sikh and are now settled not only in large concentrations in Delhi and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[Haryana]] but also spread the world over. Their mother tongue is Punjabi. |
Most of the Hindu or Sikh, Kukhrans moved perforce to [[India]] following the [[partition of India]] in 1947. Khukreins among Hindu/Sikh and are now settled not only in large concentrations in Delhi and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[Haryana]] but also spread the world over. Their mother tongue is Punjabi. |
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==Muslim Khukran== |
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A significant number Khukrein also converted to [[Islam]] from the 12th century onwards and therefore while Kukhran family names are found largely among the Hindus and Sikhs they are also found among Punjabi Muslim communities in Pakistan and worldwide. In Pakistan there continues to be a large number of Muslim Khukreins living specially in the Pakistani Punjab as is borne out by their Khukrain surnames such as Chadda, Chawla, Puri , Sethi, Sahni and Suri. The Pakistani Journalist [[Najam Sethi]] is one such example. |
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Muslim Khukrain and Khatris are called [[Punjabi Shaikh]], [[Khawaja Shaikh]] and [[Khojas]] as is the name given to most Khatri Hindus who converted to Islam. |
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The Khatri gotras of these converts to Islam are: Adal, Behrara, Churra, Maggun (or Maghoon), Sahgal, Wadhaun (or Vadhavan), Vohra (Wihara), Talwar, Puri, Topra. Whereas Arora gotras are Tarneja, Goruwala, Khurana, Dhingra and Chawala.<ref> A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North -West provinces , compiled by H A Rose </ref>. |
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==Khokran and [[Khokhar]]s and Ala-ud-din Khilji== |
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The book A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North -West provinces records - |
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{{cquote|The Khokhran section is said to consist of the descendents of certain Khatris who joined the Khokhars in rebellion (against Ala-ud-din Khilji);and with whom other the other Khatri families were afraid to intermarry "<ref> A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North -West provinces , compiled by H A Rose , vol II Page 513 </ref>}} |
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==Karakhan and Krukhak origins origin== |
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{{cquote|It is also said that Khukran (Khokhran ) is derived from [[Karakhan]] descendants of [[Krukhak]], one of the sons of [[Manu]] who setelled and reigned in the North West Punjab "<ref> A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North -West provinces , compiled by H A Rose , vol II Page 514 </ref>}} |
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The Karakhan also find mention among the The '''[[Karakhanids]]''' (''Qara<u>kh</u>ānid'', also spelled ''Ilek Khanidis'', 黑汗, 桃花石) were a [[Turkic people|Turkic]] [[dynasty]] that ruled [[Transoxania]] in [[Central Asia]] from 999 to 1211.<ref name=encyclo>[http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9062103 Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref> Their capitals included [[Kashgar]], [[Balasagun]], [[Uzgen]] and then again Kashgar. |
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==Contemporary== |
==Contemporary== |
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Khukran Hindu/Sikh are by and large an urbanised highly educated and economically well off community. Khukrans have excelled in almost all spheres including business, politics, arts, military, and in the field of sciences as well as in the Judiciary and law. |
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Famous |
Famous Khukran personalities include: |
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*[[Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal]], former [[Chief Justice of India]] |
*[[Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal]], former [[Chief Justice of India]] |
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Revision as of 17:53, 8 November 2007
| Kukhran | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Kshatriya |
| Religions | Hinduism and Sikhism and Islam |
| Languages | Punjabi |
| Populated states | Punjab |
| Subdivisions | Anand, Bhasin, Chadha, Chandok (Chandhoke, Chandhok, Chandiok), Gandhoke (Gadhok, Gadhoke, Gadok), Ghai, Kohli ,Sabharwal, Sahni/Sawhney, Sethi, Suri and Chachi, a sub-clan of the Kohli tribe . |
The Kukhrans (or "Khukhrain or Khokrans") are an ancient group of eleven specific clans of a Khatri subcaste [1] who originally hailed from the areas of the Salt Range and particularly town of Bhera in Punjab. The names of the Eleven clans are: Anand, Bhasin, Chadha, Chandok (Chandhoke, Chandhok, Chandiok), Gandhoke (Gadhok, Gadhoke, Gadok), Ghai, Kohli, Sabharwal, Sahni/Sawhney, Sethi and Suri.
History
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2007) |
The main place of their ancestral geographical location was the town of Bhera, situated in the Jech doab region (Jhelum-Chenab interfluve) of Punjab, which now lies in the Sargodha District of Pakistan. The history of the Khukran is inextricably intertwined with the ancient town of Bhera
Bhera is also the historical town to which Porus or Purushotthama of the Puru tribe belonged. Purushotthama (c.325 BC) was the king of Kekaya the land of the Puru tribe, one of the Janapadas (kingdoms). Its location was in what is now middle Punjab, the areas between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab and its extent varied from time to time. The word Purushotthama means "Supreme Being". Purushotthama was said to be a little over 7 feet tall.
The Kekaya are said to have occupied the land now comprised by three districts of Jhelum, Shahpur and Gujerat, now all in Pakistan.
The Purus are a tribe or a confederation of tribes mentioned in the Rigveda. The RV 7.96.2 locates them at the banks of the Sarasvati River. The Puru were ostensibly defeated by king Sudas at the Battle of the Ten Kings.
The Oral History of the Khukran claim Porus as an ancestor[citation needed], in fact in the Khukhran tradition Porus is supposed to have been a Sabharwal Khukrain[citation needed]. The palace of Sopeithes which the Greek historian Arrian mentions as the place on the Hydaspes is supposed to be at Bhera. The Greeks refer to the Jhelum river as the Hydaspes River where Alexander the Great fought Porus in Battle of the Hydaspes River in 326 BCE(also see sources below).
In the recent past centuries, Bhera was an important trading outpost on the road to Kabul, and had a taksal or (mint) during the rule of Ranjit Singh. Bhera declined in importance due to the gradual shifting of the course of the Jhelum river, due to which the town lost the advantage of being located on a river bank.
It is highly likely that several ethnic groups have intermingled with the original Indo-Iranian people including Greek within the Khukrein tribe.
Khukrains like other Khatri/khatri-style castes were traditionally and historically a warrior community (although they are now well represented in many fields other than the army) and hence they bore the brunt of invasions from the various central asian tribes now converted to Islam who came from the northwest during the 12th-16th centuries. The Hindu populations in Afghanistan and Northwest India continued to recede after the 11th century even as predominant areas of Afghanistan were still under non muslim rule till the 10th century also see the section on Hindu Shahi and Jayapala. The frequent reference to origins from Khorasan in the oral history of the Khukran could allude to migration from that area Khorasan durying this period as well .
please refer khukhrain website :- http://www.khukhrain.tk
Sikh Khukrain
Among the Khatri-style castes, the Khukrain or Kukhran were one of the foremost followers of the Sikh Gurus and traditionally brought up one son as a Keshdhari Sikh. This is evident from the large number of Kukhran surnames among Khatri-style Sikhs .
A predominant section of the Hindu Khukrain continue to follow dual religious traditions of both Sikh as well as Arya Samaj mores. This has been in spite of the religo-political competitive zeal of both the Arya Samaj and Tat Khalsa effort at creating purified identities.
Intermarriage between Khatri as well as Khukrain Sikhs and Hindus are common. The dual religious Hindu and Sikh identity and Kukhran biradri identity comfortably coexists.
Post Partition Of India 1947
Most of the Hindu or Sikh, Kukhrans moved perforce to India following the partition of India in 1947. Khukreins among Hindu/Sikh and are now settled not only in large concentrations in Delhi and Punjab, Haryana but also spread the world over. Their mother tongue is Punjabi.
Contemporary
Khukran Hindu/Sikh are by and large an urbanised highly educated and economically well off community. Khukrans have excelled in almost all spheres including business, politics, arts, military, and in the field of sciences as well as in the Judiciary and law.
Famous Khukran personalities include:
- Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal, former Chief Justice of India
- Dr. Justice A.S. Anand, former Chief Justice of India
- Birbal Sahni, the founder of palaeobotanical research in India,
- Ruchi Ram Sahni, pioneer of science popularisation in Punjab
- Geet Sethi, six time World Billiards Champion;
- Mulk Raj Anand, English writer, most famous for the novels "Untouchable" and "Coolie");
- Narinder Kohli, Hindi writer famous for "Abhigyan" and "Krish.Katha;"
- Bhisham Sahni, writer, recipient of the Sahitya Academy Award and the Padmashri. His works include "Amritsar Aa Gaya" and "Tamas." Brother of Balraj Sahni.
- Balraj Sahni, stage and film actor, brother of Bhisham Sahni.
- Dev Anand, celebrated actor, producer and director of Bollywood films;
- Gurinder Chadha, UK-based film-maker whose oeuvre includes "Bend it like Beckham" and "Bride and Prejudice"
- Najam Sethi, eminent Pakistani Journalist
- Dayaram Sahni, ASI's first Indian Director-General who discovered Harappa
- Gaurav Bhasin: software Engineer by profession, President awarded in 1995 for Social Service
- Natasha Suri, Miss World 2006
- Indu Chandhok , Vicky Chandhok , Karun Chandhok , Suhail Chandhok all sport personalities too .
Clan details
The Gotra and other details of the Khukrain clans are as follows:
Clan Vansh Gotra Purohit Kuldevta
Kohli : Suryavanshi Bharadwaj Kashyap Dutt Satyavati
Anand : Suryavanshi Kashyap Bijra Durga Mata
Bhasin : Suryavanshi Kashyap Bijra Durga Mata
Chadha : Veervansh Khukrain
Chandok : Suryavanshi Kaushal Durga Mata
Gandhok : Suryavanshi Kaushal Durga Mata
Sahni/Sawhney : Suryavanshi Vats Vasudev Bhadarkali Veer-Vansh
Suri : Suryavanshi
Sethi : suryavanshi
See also
- Ref 1 from Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province By H.A. Rose
- Ref 2 from Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province By H.A. Rose
- Caste
- Suri (Pashtun)
- Forward Caste
- Hinduism in Punjab
- Khatri
- Arora
- Bhatia
- Sood
- List of Khatri last names
- List of Arora last names
References
- ^ M.A. Sherring, Hindu Castes and Tribes as represented in Banares, 1872.