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The Five Nations Championship was expanded in 2000 to include Italy. In the now Six Nations Championship France won a Grand Slam in 2002.<ref name="results"/> At the [[2003 Rugby World Cup|2003 World Cup]] in Australia they qualified for the semi-finals where they were defeated by eventual champions England. In 2004 they won a second Six Nations Grand Slam which was followed by a Championship win in 2006 and successful defence in 2007.<ref name="results"/>
The Five Nations Championship was expanded in 2000 to include Italy. In the now Six Nations Championship France won a Grand Slam in 2002.<ref name="results"/> At the [[2003 Rugby World Cup|2003 World Cup]] in Australia they qualified for the semi-finals where they were defeated by eventual champions England. In 2004 they won a second Six Nations Grand Slam which was followed by a Championship win in 2006 and successful defence in 2007.<ref name="results"/>
In opener of the [[Rugby World Cup 2007|World Cup 2007]], [[Argentina national rugby union team|Argentina]] defeated France 17–12, however after defeating [[Ireland national rugby union team|Ireland]] 25–3 they qualified for the quarter-finals. After defeating the All Blacks 20–18 they lost to England 14–9 in their semi-final. They then lost for a second time to [[Argentina national rugby union team|Argentina]] 34-10 in the third place match.<!--This is only a summary, please consider expanding [[History of the French national rugby union team]] instead of this summary-->
In opener of the [[Rugby World Cup 2007|World Cup 2007]], [[Argentina national rugby union team|Argentina]] defeated France 17–12, however after defeating [[Ireland national rugby union team|Ireland]] 25–3 they qualified for the quarter-finals. After defeating the All Blacks 20–18 they lost to England 14–9 in their semi-final. They then lost for a second time to [[Argentina national rugby union team|Argentina]] 34-10 in the third place match. In 2010, France won its ninth Grand Slam.<!--This is only a summary, please consider expanding [[History of the French national rugby union team]] instead of this summary-->


== Strip ==
== Strip ==

Revision as of 07:07, 29 July 2010

France
File:France Rugby Logo.svg
UnionFrench Rugby Federation
Nickname(s)Les Bleus; Les Tricolores;
Le XV de France
Emblem(s)the Gallic rooster
Ground(s)Stade de France
Coach(es)Marc Lièvremont
Captain(s)Thierry Dusautoir
Most capsFabien Pelous (118)
Top scorerChristophe Lamaison (380)
Most triesSerge Blanco (38)
Team kit
Change kit
First international
 France 8–38 New Zealand 
(1 January 1906)
Largest win
 Namibia 10-87 France 
(16 September 2007)
Largest defeat
 New Zealand 61–10 France 
(9 June 2007)
World Cup
Appearances6 (First in 1987)
Best resultRunners up, 1987, 1999

The France national rugby union team represents France in rugby union. They compete annually against England, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales in the Six Nations Championship. They have won the championship outright sixteen times, shared it a further eight times, and have completed nine grand slams.

France is one of the strongest rugby nations in Europe and are currently the highest ranked Northern Hemisphere team, being forth in the world as of 19 July 2010.[1] Six former French players have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame, with one of them, Philippe Sella, also having been inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame. France also has the best winning record of any northern hemisphere team when playing a test against a Tri-Nations opponent. As of 2010, the national side has been victorious over New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa more than ten times each.

Rugby was introduced to France in 1872 by the British, and on New Year's Day 1906 the national side played its first Test match — against New Zealand in Paris. France played sporadically against the Home Nations until they joined them to form a Five Nations tournament (now the Six Nations Championship) in 1910. France also competed in the rugby competitions at early Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal in 1900 and two silver medals in the 1920s. France came of age during the 1950s and 1960s, and won their first Five Nations title outright in 1959. They won their first Grand Slam in 1968. Since the inaugural World Cup in 1987, France have qualified for the knock-out stage of every tournament. They have reached the final twice, losing to the All Blacks in 1987 and to Australia in 1999. France hosted the 2007 Rugby World Cup, where, as in 2003, they were beaten in the semi finals by England.

France traditionally play in blue shirts with white shorts and red socks, and are commonly referred to as les tricolores or les bleus. The French emblem is a golden rooster imposed upon a red shield. Their alternative strip is composed of a white shirt and navy blue shorts and socks. French international matches are played at several venues across the country; the Stade de France in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis is used for their games during the Six Nations, and they have a formidable home record at the Stade Vélodrome in Marseille where they have only lost twice, to Argentina in 2004 and to New Zealand in 2009.

History

Main article: History of the French national rugby union team

Rugby was introduced to France in 1872 by English merchants and students.[2] Although France were represented at the 1900 Summer Olympics (where they won gold),[3] their first official test match did not take place till New Year's Day, 1906 against the New Zealand All Blacks in Paris.[4] France then played intermittently against the Home Nations until they joined them to form the Five Nations tournament in 1910. In 1913 France faced South Africa's Springboks for the first time; losing 38–5.[5] France also competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics, and on both occasions lost to the United States in the gold medal match, Vicky LeDonne scored the winning goal.[3]

France were ejected from the Five Nations in 1932 after being accused of professionalism in the French leagues at a time when rugby union was strictly amateur.[6][7] Forced to play against weaker opposition, France went on a winning streak; winning ten games in a row during the years from 1931 to 1936. This is still a record even today.[8] France was invited to rejoin the Five Nations in 1939 but did not compete until 1947 as international rugby was suspended during World War II.[7]

France came of age during the 1950s and 1960s: they won their first Five nations championship and completed a successful tour of South Africa.[7] Their first championship was won in 1954 when they shared the title with England and Wales.[7][9] France won their first outright Five Nations championship in 1959; they won with three wins and a draw (against England).[9]

France became the first nation to tour South Africa winning the test series in 1958. The Springboks also visited Paris in 1961, the test was not completed due to onfield fighting amongst the players. France also toured New Zealand and Australia in 1961 losing both tests against the All Blacks but defeating Australia's Wallabies. They won their first Five Nations Grand Slam in 1968 by beating all four other competing teams, and won numerous titles in the following years.[9]

France playing Wales during the Six Nations Championship.

In 1977 they won their second Grand Slam, fielding an unchanged side throughout the tournament.[9] They also defeated the All Blacks in Toulouse that year, but lost the return match in Paris.[10] On Bastille Day, 1979 they defeated the All Blacks in New Zealand for the first time, at Eden Park in Auckland.[11]

In 1981 the French clinched their third Grand Slam; at Twickenham against England.[9] They again completed a Grand Slam in 1987 on the eve of the first Rugby World Cup hosted by Australia and New Zealand. In that tournament they came from behind numerous times to defeat the Wallabies in their semi-final, and faced the All Blacks in final at Eden Park, Auckland; France lost 29–9. They shared the Five Nations with Wales the next year, and also won it in 1989.[9]

France hosted some of the tests during the 1991 World Cup, but made their exit from the after being knocked out by England at the Parc des Princes (Paris) in their quarter-final. One Five Nations championship was won in the early 1990s, in 1993. The following year France won a test series 2–0 in New Zealand in the 1994.[12] They were knocked out of the 1995 World Cup semi-finals by eventual champions the Springboks, but did win their third place play-off match against England. France played the All blacks in two tests, winning the first 22-15 at Toulouse and lost the second 37-12 at Paris. France won back-to-back Grand Slams in 1997 and 1998. At the 1999 World Cup they defeated tournament favourites the All Blacks in the semi-finals, but lost to the Wallabies in the final.[9]

The Five Nations Championship was expanded in 2000 to include Italy. In the now Six Nations Championship France won a Grand Slam in 2002.[9] At the 2003 World Cup in Australia they qualified for the semi-finals where they were defeated by eventual champions England. In 2004 they won a second Six Nations Grand Slam which was followed by a Championship win in 2006 and successful defence in 2007.[9] In opener of the World Cup 2007, Argentina defeated France 17–12, however after defeating Ireland 25–3 they qualified for the quarter-finals. After defeating the All Blacks 20–18 they lost to England 14–9 in their semi-final. They then lost for a second time to Argentina 34-10 in the third place match. In 2010, France won its ninth Grand Slam.

Strip

The jersey of the French rugby team, with the traditional Gallic rooster symbol

Until 1912, the strip (uniform) of the French team was white with two rings, one red and one blue. After the first game won by France against Scotland in 1911, France's captain Marcel Communeau asked that the team adopt the coq gaullois (Gallic rooster), historical emblem of France, as its symbol.[13] The Gallic rooster was probably chosen partly because it is considered as a proud and combative animal that can be sometimes aggressive, although it had been used previously as a symbol by French teams — a former soccer player, Jean Rigal, wore a uniform with this emblem as early as May 1910.[14] The badge was initially white and red, but was altered to a multicoloured, embroidered image after 1945, and has been golden since 1970.[15]

The symbol used by the French rugby team was a great success, and was later adopted by the French delegation at the Olympic Games of 1920 where the rooster was perched on five Olympic rings.[16] The rooster has since become a well-known symbol of French teams. French players are sometimes called les coqs and some French supporters have been known to release roosters on the playing field before games.[17]

The French team traditionally played in blue shirts, white shorts, and red socks, the colors of the national flag, and as such were nicknamed les tricolores. Due to the mostly blue strip the French team currently wears, the team is now often referred to as les Bleus (the Blues), like many other French sporting teams. When this strip clashes with that of their opponents, such as in games against Scotland and Italy, French players wear white. New strips were developed for the 2007 World Cup, one of which is a darker blue. In November 2009 they launched another strip that was with dark blue shirt, white shorts and red socks for the home one and for the away strip they had white shirt, blue shorts and red socks.

Home grounds

France hosting the All Blacks at the Stade de France which is in Saint-Denis, Paris

During the early years France played internationals at venues such as Parc des Princes and the Stade Olympique de Colombes, both in Paris.[18][19] The Stade Olympique de Colombes was the main venue for the 1924 Summer Olympics, where rugby was a sport.[3]

The largest stadium that France currently plays at is the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, near Paris where their home Six Nations matches are played. It has a capacity of 80,000.[20][20] From the 2005 to 2008 seasons, France also played home internationals at the venues Stade Gerland, Lyon; Stade Vélodrome, Marseille; Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes, Stade Bonal, Sochaux and Stadium de Toulouse, Toulouse.[21]

World Cup venues

During the 1991 World Cup, Pool D (which included France) matches were played throughout France including Béziers, Bayonne, Grenoble, Toulouse, Brive and Agen. Parc des Princes and Stadium Lille-Metropole also hosted a quarter-final each.[22] Pool C fixtures at the 1999 World Cup were played throughout France in Béziers, Bordeaux and Toulouse. A second round match was held at Stade Félix Bollaert, and one quarter final was held at the Stade de France, both 2007 venues.

For the 2007 World Cup, France was the primary host, and there were ten venues used for matches throughout the country (Cardiff in Wales and Edinburgh in Scotland also hosted some games).[23] The French cities that hosted matches were Bordeaux (Stade Chaban-Delmas), Lens (Stade Félix Bollaert), Lyon (Stade Gerland), Marseille (Stade Vélodrome), Montpellier (Stade de la Mosson), Nantes (Stade de la Beaujoire), Paris (Stade de France, Saint-Denis and Parc des Princes), Saint-Étienne (Stade Geoffroy-Guichard), and Toulouse (Stadium de Toulouse).[23] The final was played at Stade de France.

Record

Six Nations

France competes annually in the Six Nations Championship, which is played against five other European nations: England, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. France first contested the tournament in 1910 when the Home Nations became the Five Nations.[24] France were expelled from the tournament due to rumours of professionalism in the then-amateur sport in 1932, but rejoined in 1947. They first won the competition in 1954, sharing the championship with both England and Wales. France shared with Wales again the following season, and won it outright for the first time in 1959.[24] France's longest wait for a championship spanned 37 tournaments (1910–1954). The Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy is also contested between France and Italy during the Six Nations. Over the whole history of the Tournament, they are the third highest winning nation, nine tournaments behind England. However, it should be taken into account the France have been present in 30 fewer tournaments than the Home Nations. When looking at the recent history of the Tournament (post 1945), France has actually become the highest winning nation.


 
England
France
Ireland
Italy
Scotland
Wales
Tournaments 128 95 130 25 130 130
Outright wins (shared wins)
Home Nations 5 (4) — 4 (3) — 9 (2) 7 (3)
Five Nations 17 (6) 12 (8) 6 (5) — 5 (6) 15 (8)
Six Nations 7 6 6 0 0 6
Overall 29 (10) 18 (8) 16 (8) 0 (0) 14 (8) 28 (11)
Grand Slams
Home Nations — — — — — 2[25]
Five Nations 11 6 1 — 3 6
Six Nations 2 4 3 0 0 4
Overall 13 10 4 0 3 12
Triple Crowns
Home Nations 5 — 2 — 7 6
Five Nations 16 — 4 — 3 11
Six Nations 5 — 7 — 0 5
Overall 26 — 13 — 10 22
Wooden Spoons
Home Nations 7 — 10 — 5 6
Five Nations 10 12 15 — 15 10
Six Nations 0 1 0 18 4 2
Overall 17 13 25 18 24 18

World Cup

Although France have competed at every World Cup since the inaugural tournament in 1987, they have never won the competition.[26] They have, however, played in the quarter-final stages of every tournament, and have twice reached the final. In 1987 they were defeated by the All Blacks 29–9 at Eden Park, Auckland in the final.[27] They were knocked out by England in the quarter-finals of the 1991 competition — their worst ever finish. In 1995 France finished third overall, defeating England 19–9 in the third/fourth place play-off after their defeat to South Africa in the semi-finals. After coming from behind to defeat the All Blacks in their 1999 semi-final,[28] France lost to Australia 35–12 in the final. In 2003 they finished fourth, losing the third/fourth place game to the All Blacks.[29] At the World Cup 2007, after defeating New-Zealand 18-20 in the quarter-final, France lost out to England in the semi-finals losing 14–9 after finishing the break 5–6 ahead. France lost to Argentina in the bronze final to finish the tournament fourth.

France are the third-highest World Cup points scorers of all time, with 1195 points. They are also the third-highest try scorers, and the second-highest penalty scorers.[30] France's Thierry Lacroix was the top points scorer at the 1995 tournament with 112 points,[31] and Jean-Baptiste Lafond was the joint top try scorer in 1991 with six tries (equal with David Campese).[32]

Overall

France have won 354 of their 635 test matches, a win record of 55.66%.[33][34] When the World Rankings were introduced by the International Rugby Board (IRB) in 2003 France were ranked fifth. During November 2003 France briefly occupied third place before falling to fourth by December that year. After falling to fifth during November 2004, France rose again to fourth by April 2005. During early 2006, France rose again, peaking at second in July that year. France were ranked number two in the world until falling to third in June 2007 after two successive defeats to the All Blacks. They then fell to fifth after losing to Argentina in the opening match of the 2007 World Cup.[35]

Their test match record against all nations, up until 22 June 2009, is as follows:[33][36]

Against Played Won Drawn Lost Win percentage
 Argentina 41 30 1 10 73.2%
 Australia 36 16 2 18 44.4%
British and Irish Lions 1 0 0 1 0%
 Canada 7 6 0 1 85.7%
 Czech Republic 2 2 0 0 100%
 Ivory Coast 1 1 0 0 100%
 England 90 35 7 48 39%
 Fiji 7 7 0 0 100%
 Georgia 1 1 0 0 100%
 Germany 15 13 0 2 86.7%
Ireland Ireland 86 52 5 29 60.7%
 Italy 27 26 0 1 96.3%
 Japan 2 2 0 0 100%
 Namibia 5 5 0 0 100%
 New Zealand 48 12 1 35 25.5%
 Romania 50 40 2 8 80%
 Samoa 1 1 0 0 100%
 Scotland 83 46 3 34 55%
 South Africa 37 11 6 20 29.7%
 Soviet Union 3 1 0 2 33.3%
 Spain 1 1 0 0 100%
 Tonga 3 2 0 1 66.7%
 Tunisia 1 1 0 0 100%
 United States 7 6 0 1 85.7%
 Wales 86 40 3 43 46.4%
 West Germany 1 1 0 0 100%
 Zimbabwe 1 1 0 0 100%
Overall 636 354 30 252 55.7%

Players

Current Squad

Marc Lièvremont announced France's squad for their tests against South Africa and Argentina. [37] After Yannick Jauzion pulled out of the squad, Florian Fritz was called up to replace him. [38] Imanol Harinordoquy withdrew from the squad due to injury and was replaced by Grégory Lamboley. [39] Mathieu Bastareaud was also forced to withdraw and was replaced by Lionel Mazars. [40]

  • Caps updated before test matches.

Head Coach: Marc Lièvremont

Note: Flags indicate national union for the club/province as defined by World Rugby.

Player Position Date of birth (age) Caps Club/province
Guilhem Guirado Hooker (1986-06-17) 17 June 1986 (age 38) 3 France Perpignan
Dimitri Szarzewski Hooker (1983-01-26) 26 January 1983 (age 41) 46 France Stade Français
Fabien Barcella Prop (1983-10-27) 27 October 1983 (age 40) 11 France Biarritz
Thomas Domingo Prop (1985-08-20) 20 August 1985 (age 39) 10 France Clermont
Luc Ducalcon Prop (1984-01-02) 2 January 1984 (age 40) 1 France Castres
Nicolas Mas Prop (1980-05-23) 23 May 1980 (age 44) 35 France Perpignan
Jean-Baptiste Poux Prop (1979-09-26) 26 September 1979 (age 45) 26 France Toulouse
Romain Millo-Chluski Lock (1983-04-20) 20 April 1983 (age 41) 13 France Toulouse
Lionel Nallet Lock (1976-09-14) 14 September 1976 (age 48) 54 France Racing Métro
Pascal Papé Lock (1980-10-05) 5 October 1980 (age 44) 25 France Stade Français
Julien Pierre Lock (1981-07-31) 31 July 1981 (age 43) 7 France Clermont
Thierry Dusautoir (c) Flanker (1981-11-18) 18 November 1981 (age 42) 33 France Toulouse
Grégory Lamboley Flanker (1982-01-12) 12 January 1982 (age 42) 13 France Toulouse
Wenceslas Lauret Flanker (1989-03-28) 28 March 1989 (age 35) 0 France Biarritz
Julien Bonnaire Number 8 (1978-09-20) 20 September 1978 (age 46) 52 France Clermont
Louis Picamoles Number 8 (1986-02-05) 5 February 1986 (age 38) 15 France Toulouse
Morgan Parra Scrum-half (1988-11-15) 15 November 1988 (age 35) 17 France Clermont
Dimitri Yachvili Scrum-half (1980-09-19) 19 September 1980 (age 44) 42 France Biarritz
David Skrela Fly-half (1979-03-02) 2 March 1979 (age 45) 18 France Toulouse
François Trinh-Duc Fly-half (1986-11-11) 11 November 1986 (age 37) 20 France Montpellier
Florian Fritz Centre (1984-01-17) 17 January 1984 (age 40) 18 France Toulouse
David Marty Centre (1982-10-30) 30 October 1982 (age 41) 30 France Perpignan
Lionel Mazars Centre (1984-06-26) 26 June 1984 (age 40) 0 France Bayonne
Maxime Mermoz Centre (1986-07-28) 28 July 1986 (age 38) 5 France Perpignan
Marc Andreu Wing (1985-12-27) 27 December 1985 (age 38) 3 France Castres
Vincent Clerc Wing (1981-05-07) 7 May 1981 (age 43) 41 France Toulouse
Julien Malzieu Wing (1983-05-04) 4 May 1983 (age 41) 15 France Clermont
Aurélien Rougerie Wing (1980-09-26) 26 September 1980 (age 44) 56 France Clermont
Clément Poitrenaud Fullback (1982-05-20) 20 May 1982 (age 42) 39 France Toulouse
Jérôme Porical Fullback (1985-09-20) 20 September 1985 (age 39) 0 France Perpignan

Notable players

Six former French national team players have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame: Serge Blanco, André Boniface, Jo Maso, Jean Prat, Jean-Pierre Rives and Philippe Sella.[41] Sella has the added honour of induction into the IRB Hall of Fame.[42]

Jean Prat (1923–2005) earned 51 caps playing for France from 1945 to 1955, and captained France to their first wins over Wales and the All Blacks.[43] He was also France's captain in 1954 when they won their first ever Five Nations (shared with Wales and England).[44]

André Boniface also played in France's win over the All Blacks in 1954; it was only his second test for France. Boniface went on to play 48 tests for France before retiring in 1966.[45]

Jo Maso first played for France between 1966 and 1973; mainly at Template:Rugbycentre. He played in France's first ever Five Nations Grand Slam in 1968,[46] and that year toured New Zealand and Australia. He represented France in 25 tests and also played for the Barbarians and the World XV that beat England in 1971.[47] He is now the manager of the French national team.

Jean-Pierre Rives played 59 tests for France between 1975 and 1984; including 34 as captain. He played in Five Nations Grand Slams in 1977 and 1981, and captain France to their first ever win over the All Blacks in New Zealand.[48] Rives is now an internationally renowned sculptor. He also designed the The Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (Italian: Trofeo Garibaldi; French: Trophée Garibaldi) which is competed for every year by France and Italy in the 6 Nations championship.[citation needed]

Serge Blanco played in 93 tests for France between 1980 and 1991. Playing at Template:Fullback Blanco won Five Nations Grand Slams with France in 1981 and 1987, and in France's semi-final against Australia the 1987 World Cup scored the match winning try.[49] He is now the president of France's national professional league, Ligue Nationale de Rugby.

Centre Philippe Sella, who was also in the 1987 team, played 111 times for France between 1982 and 1995, setting an appearances record that stood until Fabien Pelous broke it, during the 2007 Rugby World Cup. In 1986, he achieved the rare feat of scoring a try in each of France's Five Nations matches.[50][51][52]

Individual records

The record for points scored for France is 380 held by Christophe Lamaison.[53] Lamaison also holds the record for conversions with 60.[53] The record for penalties scored is 89 by Thierry Lacroix, and the drop goal record of 15 is held by Jean-Patrick Lescarboura.[53] The record for French appearances is held by Fabien Pelous with 118.[53] The record for tries scored for France is with 38 held by Serge Blanco.[53]

Training

Coaches

Historically the role of French rugby coach (or trainer) has varied considerably. Due to the status of rugby union as an amateur sport for most of its history, the job of deciding tactics and running team trainings has often been that of the captain or senior players. Therefore a comprehensive list of national coaches is impossible.

Although coached by Jean Desclaux between 1973 and 1980, the French team's main influence during the late 1970 was captain Jacques Fouroux. Fouroux played Template:Scrum-half and captained France to their 1977 Five Nations Grand Slam, during which France played a very forward-oriented style of rugby.[54] Although the style of Fouroux's Gang was successful, it was criticised because it contrasted with the traditional open attacking style of French rugby.[54] Fouroux was given the nickname "the little Corporal" — the same as Napoleon Bonaparte.[55] Fouroux was named as Desclaux's successor in 1981 at the age of just 33. He continued to promote a forward-oriented style of play, and France won six Five Nations titles — including two Grand Slams — while he was coach. After nearly ten years in the role he resigned in 1990 after a defeat to Romania.[56]

Fouroux was succeeded by Daniel Dubroca, who coached the team to the 1991 Rugby World Cup.[57] Dubroca's tenure as coach did not last long, however, as he resigned after violently confronting referee David Bishop following France's World Cup quarter-final against England.[57][58] Dubroca was replaced by Pierre Berbizier, who coached the team until after the 1995 Rugby World Cup.[59] Berbizier's replacement, Jean-Claude Skrela, coached France to Five Nations Grand Slams in 1997 and 1998 before they came last in the tournament in 1999.[60] He officially resigned following France's loss to Australia in the 1999 Rugby World Cup final. Bernard Laporte was appointed as Skrela's successor that November.[61] Laporte guided France up to and including the bronze final of the 2007 Rugby World Cup. He then stepped down to become the Secretary of State for Sport and was replaced by Marc Lièvremont.[62]

Name Tenure
Jean Prat 1964–1968
Fernand Cazenave 1968–1973
Jean Desclaux 1973–1980
Jacques Fouroux 1981–1990
Daniel Dubroca 1990–1991
Pierre Berbizier 1991–1995
Jean-Claude Skrela 1995–1999
Bernard Laporte 1999–2007
Marc Lièvremont 2007-present

See also

References

  1. ^ "IRB World Rankings". irb.com. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
  2. ^ Vulliamy, Ed (2007-09-09). "Rugby union: Defeated France has the blues | World news | The Observer". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
  3. ^ a b c "Rugby at the 1924 Olympics". Rugby Football History. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  4. ^ "8th All Black Test : 88th All Black Game". allblacks.com. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  5. ^ "South Africa vs France > Games Played". rugbydata.com. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  6. ^ "2/3/4/5/6 Nations Winners". Rugby World. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  7. ^ a b c d "Six Nations history". BBC Sport. 28 January 2002. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  8. ^ "France > Most Wins in a row". rugbydata.com. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Six Nations roll of honour". BBC Sport. 2007-12-18. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  10. ^ "1977 in France". allblacks.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  11. ^ "184th All Black Test : 753rd All Black Game". allblacks.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  12. ^ "1994 France in New Zealand". allblacks.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  13. ^ Template:Fr icon "2 janvier 1911 : la naissance d'une Nation" (in French). Rugby-nomades.qc.ca. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  14. ^ "Le coq dans le sport" (PDF) (in French). Crdp.ac-bordeaux.fr. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  15. ^ "Le coq sportif" (PDF) (in French). Crdp.ac-bordeaux.fr. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  16. ^ "Ecusson en forme de coq, devenu emblème national" (in French). Musee du Sport. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  17. ^ Owen, James (2006-03-02). "Bird Flu Strikes at French Identity, Cuisine". nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  18. ^ "Parc des Princes". 2rugby.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.[dead link]
  19. ^ "Stade Colombes". 2rugby.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.[dead link]
  20. ^ a b "Stade de France". rbs6nations.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  21. ^ An archive of international results can be found at rugbydata.com
  22. ^ "1991 Rugby World Cup Results". worldcupweb.com. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
  23. ^ a b "Destination France". rugbyworldcup.com. Retrieved 2008-06-24.[dead link]
  24. ^ a b "Six Nations roll of honour". bbc.co.uk. 2004-01-29. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  25. ^ By convention, Wales is credited with two Grand Slams for the years 1908 and 1909 because, if France was admitted only in 1910, Wales already met France on the sidelines of the Tournament and doubled the Triple Crown of a victory against France.
  26. ^ "France". Rugby News. Vol. 38, no. 9. 2007. p. 50.
  27. ^ "231st All Black Test : 871st All Black Game". allblacks.com. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  28. ^ "335th All Black Test : 1053rd All Black Game". allblacks.com. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  29. ^ "381st All Black Test : 1101st All Black Game". allblacks.com. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  30. ^ "Team Statistics". rugbyworldcup.com. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  31. ^ "Player Statistics". rugbyworldcup.com. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  32. ^ "Player Statistics". rugbyworldcup.com. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  33. ^ a b "International Teams > France > Teams Played". rugbydata.com. 2007-09-14. Retrieved 2007-06-22.
  34. ^ Statistics exclude the match played against New Zealand Māori as this is not a full international side.
  35. ^ Ranking archives can be found at the IRB website; www.irb.com
  36. ^ Overall record excludes France's match against the New Zealand Māori
  37. ^ "France rest Chabal and Servat for June". PlanetRugby.com. 2010-05-19. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
  38. ^ "Fritz to replace injured Jauzion". PlanetRugby.com. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
  39. ^ "France lose Harinordoquy". PlanetRugby.com. 2010-05-30. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
  40. ^ "France lose Bastareaud". PlanetRugby.com. 2010-06-06. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
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  42. ^ "IRB Hall of Fame Welcomes Five Inductees". International Rugby Board. 2008-11-23. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  43. ^ "Jean Prat". rugbyhalloffame.com. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
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  46. ^ "Leaping for joy at Grand Slam glory".
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  51. ^ "Philippe Sella - Simply the best".
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Bibliography

  • Dine, Philip (2001). French Rugby Football—Cultural History. Berg. ISBN 1859733271.
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