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A Photo of her appeared in Avengers. Listing the same way Sean Connery is listed on the Indiana Jones Franchise page.
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| colspan="1" | [[Natalie Portman]]
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| colspan="1" | Natalie Portman (photo)
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| colspan="1" | Natalie Portman<ref name="Jenkins" />
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| colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | &nbsp;
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Revision as of 11:33, 2 June 2012

Warning: Display title "<i>Marvel Cinematic Universe</i>" overrides earlier display title "<span class="noitalic">Marvel Cinematic Universe</span>" (help).
Marvel Cinematic Universe
Logos for the Marvel Cinematic Universe films.
Logos for the Marvel Cinematic Universe films.
Produced byKevin Feige
StarringSee below
Production
company
Distributed byParamount Pictures (2008–2011)
Universal Pictures (2008)
Walt Disney Pictures (2012–present)
Release date
2008–present
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$1,000,000,000
Box office$3,595,933,085

The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is a film franchise and shared fictional universe that is the setting of superhero films produced independently by Marvel Studios, based on characters that appear in publications published by Marvel Comics. The setting, much like the Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over shared plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.

Six films set in this shared universe — Iron Man (2008), The Incredible Hulk (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), and Marvel's The Avengers (2012) — have been released theatrically, with an additional four planned films in various stages of production as of May 2012: Iron Man 3 is currently filming, Thor 2 is in pre-production, and sequels to Captain America: The First Avenger and The Avengers have been announced. The franchise is both commercially and critically successful and is currently the fifth highest-grossing film franchise of all time.

Development

In 2005, Variety reported that Marvel Studios would start producing its own films and distribute them through Paramount Pictures. Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige in 2009 initially referred to the shared narrative continuity of these films as the "Marvel Cinema Universe",[1][2] but later used the term "Marvel Cinematic Universe".[3] Upcoming films will be completely distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, a division of Marvel Entertainment's parent corporation, The Walt Disney Company.[4] The funding will come from a seven-year, $525 million revolving credit facility with Merrill Lynch.[5]

Iron Man, Marvel Studios' first self-produced film, was released in May 2008. The film ended with a post-credits scene featuring Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury. Director Jon Favreau said that he included the scene because they "wanted something for the fans" and detailed how the scene was made: "I turned to [Marvel Studios President] Kevin Feige and said, 'You know what would blow their minds? Should we do this?' Kevin was like, 'Let's try.' And then we actually pulled it together. It was just a little scene, just a little tip of the hat for the fans that we were paying attention to what had been established, and a way to sort of tee up The Avengers. We brought [Jackson] in on a secret day of shooting, we had a skeleton crew so that the secret wouldn't get out."[6] Captain America's shield was also visible in the film.[7] Favreau explained the shield's origin, stating, "An ILM artist put it in there as a joke to us for our cineSync sessions, when we're approving visual effects. They got a laugh out of it, and I said, 'Leave it in, that's pretty cool — let's see if anybody sees it.'"[8]

Robert Downey, Jr. briefly reprised his role from Iron Man as Tony Stark in a cameo appearance at the end of Louis Leterrier's 2008 film The Incredible Hulk. Downey described it by stating, "We were just cross-pollinating our superheroes. It happens to be a scene where I basically approach [actor William Hurt's character General Ross], and we may be considering going into some sort of limited partnership together. The great thing is he — and I don't want to give too much away — but he's in disrepair at the time I find him. It was really fun seeing him play this really powerful character who's half in the bag."[9] In addition, Captain America is very briefly seen frozen in ice in an alternate opening of the film included in the DVD release. Leterrier confirmed it, stating, "You will see a man! You'll see it. You'll like it."[10]

Fiege said in April 2010 that constructing a shared film universe

is daunting but it's fun. It's never been done before and that's kind of the spirit everybody's taking it in. The other filmmakers aren't used to getting actors from other movies that other filmmakers have cast, certain plot lines that are connected or certain locations that are connected, but I think ... everyone was on board for it and thinks that it's fun. Primarily because we've always remained consistent saying that the movie that we are making comes first. All of the connective tissue, all of that stuff is fun and is going to be very important if you want it to be. If the fans want to look further and find connections, then they're there. There are a few big ones obviously, that hopefully the mainstream audience will able to follow as well. But ... the reason that all the filmmakers are on board is that their movies need to stand on their own. They need to have a fresh vision, a unique tone, and the fact that they can interconnect if you want to follow those breadcrumbs is a bonus.[11]

Iron Man 2 continued to reference other Marvel films by again including Captain America's shield. Favreau explained, "We introduced Captain America's shield briefly in one shot in the last film. So now it really was in his room, so we had figure out how to deal with the reality that the shield was in his workshop."[8] The end of Iron Man 2 also contains several Easter eggs, particularly in a scene in the S.H.I.E.L.D. safe house. In a conversation between Nick Fury and Tony Stark, one of several large television screens in the background shows destruction on a college campus, another displays a crater in a desert, while another shows a world map pinpointing seven ambiguous locations. Favreau revealed, "[The first is] from The Incredible Hulk, which means Iron Man 2 took place before The Incredible Hulk. If you look you see the the [sic] crater on the other monitor, that's the Thor thing. That's where the hammer was recovered. ... [I]f you look at those maps, each one of those locations corresponds to something in the Marvel Universe. And if you look on each one ... [t]wo of them relate to Captain America: The First Avenger, one of them relates to Thor. The one in Africa relates to [the] Black Panther."[12]

Clark Gregg appeared in Iron Man and Iron Man 2 as S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Phil Coulson, and reprised the role in Thor (2011). He stated, "Agent Coulson was one of the guys who wasn't really in the comic books, and he [had] a very kind of small role in Iron Man. And I was just very lucky that they chose to expand that character and [chose] to put him more into the universe of it."[13]

A few characters who first appeared in Thor appear again in Joss Whedon's The Avengers, including Thor, Loki, Erik Selvig, and Hawkeye. Thor director Kenneth Branagh explained, "We had Joss see it pretty early on in post-production. I think that affected both the way he presented Thor in [The] Avengers and also Loki's involvement in that story as well."[14] Loki was also included in a post-credits scene with Erik Selvig in Thor after his supposed demise. Branagh expounded, "When [Loki] falls into that wormhole, a rip in the fabric of space at the end of our picture, and then shows up in an unknown location, possibly with the idea of a new and cunning plan, I think it's a interesting way to indicate how he might be involved in another story from another part of the Marvel Universe."[15] Stellan Skarsgård, who played Erik Selvig, stated the scene was not included when he first read the screenplay for Thor, revealing, "No, it was not because I don't think they had the final story for The Avengers ready at that time. So that developed last fall when they contacted me and asked me if I wanted to be in The Avengers. Then they started sending me pages and stuff."[16] Regarding Hawkeye's cameo appearance in Thor, Branagh stated, "Frankly we were always going to have a guy in a basket above the action where Thor breaks in the S.H.I.E.L.D. camp and when they told me maybe it could be Hawkeye and maybe Hawkeye was going to be Jeremy Renner, 'Are you kidding!', I said. I was jumping up and down. I was thrilled. I get somebody like that to come and do something as cool as that!"[17]

Films

Film Release date Director Writer(s) Producer(s) Distributor

Released films

Iron Man May 2, 2008 (2008-05-02) Jon Favreau Mark Fergus, Hawk Ostby, Art Marcum, Matt Holloway Avi Arad and Kevin Feige Paramount Pictures
The Incredible Hulk June 13, 2008 (2008-06-13) Louis Leterrier Zak Penn Avi Arad, Gale Anne Hurd and Kevin Feige Universal Pictures
Iron Man 2 April 26, 2010 (2010-04-26) (Los Angeles premiere)
May 7, 2010 (2010-05-07) (United States) 		Jon Favreau Justin Theroux Kevin Feige Paramount Pictures
Thor April 21, 2011 (2011-04-21) (Australia)
May 6, 2011 (2011-05-06) (United States) 		Kenneth Branagh Screenplay: Ashley Edward Miller, Zack Stentz, and Don Payne
Story: J. Michael Straczynski and Mark Protosevich
Captain America: The First Avenger July 19, 2011 (2011-07-19) (Los Angeles premiere)[18]
July 22, 2011 (2011-07-22) (United States) 		Joe Johnston Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely
The Avengers April 11, 2012 (2012-04-11) (Los Angeles premiere)[19]
May 4, 2012 (2012-05-04) (United States) 		Joss Whedon Screenplay: Joss Whedon
Story: Zak Penn and Joss Whedon 		Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures

In development

Iron Man 3 May 3, 2013 (2013-05-03Tproposed)[20] Shane Black[21] Drew Pearce[22] and Shane Black[23] Kevin Feige[24][25] Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
Thor 2 November 15, 2013 (2013-11-15Tproposed)[26] Alan Taylor[27] Don Payne[28] and Robert Rodat[29]
Captain America 2 April 4, 2014[30]   Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely[31]

Announced

The Avengers 2[32]         Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
List indicator(s)
  • A grey cell indicates information is not available for this film.

Recurring cast and characters

Further information: List of Marvel Cinematic Universe cast members

List indicator(s)

  • A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character's presence in the film has not yet been announced.
Character Released films Upcoming films
Iron Man The Incredible Hulk Iron Man 2 Thor Captain America: The First Avenger The Avengers Iron Man 3 Thor 2 Captain America 2
Bruce Banner / The Hulk   Edward Norton
Lou Ferrigno (voice) 		  Mark Ruffalo[33]
Lou Ferrigno (voice)[34] 		 
Clint Barton / Hawkeye   Jeremy Renner[35]   Jeremy Renner[36]  
Phil Coulson Clark Gregg   Clark Gregg[37]   Clark Gregg[38]  
Christine Everhart Leslie Bibb   Leslie Bibb  
Fandral   Joshua Dallas   Joshua Dallas[39]  
Jane Foster   Natalie Portman   Natalie Portman (photo)   Natalie Portman[24]  
Frigga   Rene Russo   Rene Russo[40]  
Nick Fury Samuel L. Jackson   Samuel L. Jackson[41][42][43]  
Heimdall   Idris Elba   Idris Elba[44]  
Happy Hogan Jon Favreau   Jon Favreau   Jon Favreau[45]  
JARVIS Paul Bettany (voice)   Paul Bettany (voice)   Paul Bettany (voice)[46]  
Loki   Tom Hiddleston[47]   Tom Hiddleston[48]   Tom Hiddleston[49]  
Odin   Anthony Hopkins   Anthony Hopkins[50]  
Pepper Potts Gwyneth Paltrow   Gwyneth Paltrow   Gwyneth Paltrow[51][52]  
James Rhodes Terrence Howard   Don Cheadle   Don Cheadle[53][54]  
Steve Rogers / Captain America   Chris Evans[55]   Chris Evans[30]
Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow   Scarlett Johansson   Scarlett Johansson[56]  
Erik Selvig   Stellan Skarsgård[57]   Stellan Skarsgård[58]  
Sif   Jaimie Alexander   Jaimie Alexander[59]  
Jasper Sitwell   Maximiliano Hernández   Maximiliano Hernández  
Howard Stark Gerard Sanders   John Slattery   Dominic Cooper[60]  
Tony Stark / Iron Man Robert Downey, Jr.[61][62][63]   Robert Downey, Jr.[63][64]  
Thor   Chris Hemsworth[65]   Chris Hemsworth[48]   Chris Hemsworth[26]  
Volstagg   Ray Stevenson   Ray Stevenson[66]  

Other media

Comic books

In November 2010, Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Joe Quesada outlined his plan to expand the MCU into comic books. He explained, "[F]or the uninitiated, the MCU [comics] are going to be stories set within movie continuity. [They are] not necessarily direct adaptations of the movies, but maybe something that happened off screen and was mentioned in the movie, and we'll tell that story. ... [T]he folks that are involved in the movies on the West Coast will be involved in these stories. It won't be like one of our comic book writers saw the movie and has an idea for a story. No, these stories are originating at the very top. [Marvel Studios chief] Kevin Feige is involved with these and in some cases maybe the writers of the movies would be involved in ... generating these ideas and then either just giving them to some of our writers or maybe some of these guys writing them themselves."[67]

Short films

Main article: Marvel One-Shots

In August 2011, Marvel announced a couple of direct-to-video short films called "Marvel One-Shots". The first short film entitled Marvel One-Shot: The Consultant is included with the Thor Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on September 13, 2011. A second short film titled Marvel One-Shot: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor’s Hammer, was released on the Captain America: The First Avenger Blu-ray on October 25, 2011. The “Marvel One-Shots” both star Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson, offering up two self-contained stories about the day in the life of a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent.[68]

Television

In December 2010, it was reported that Twilight screenwriter Melissa Rosenberg is developing a series for ABC titled AKA Jessica Jones, based on the comic book series Alias created by Brian Michael Bendis.[69] In November 2011, Rosenberg stated that the TV show would center on Jessica Jones and would have principal parts for Luke Cage and Carol Danvers. She also confirmed that the TV series would absolutely take place in the larger "cinematic" Marvel Universe and Tony Stark and Stark Industries are in the current pilot script but admitted, "As we go along things will alter in terms of what is made available to us, but we're definitely in that universe. We are in no way denying that that universe exists. And as much as I can I'm going to pull everything in from there that I can use".[70] In May 2012, ABC president Paul Lee stated the network has passed on the series.[71]

Future

Iron Man 3, the sequel to Iron Man 2 (2010), has recently entered production, with a budget of $200 million and a release scheduled for May 3, 2013.[72] Based on the "Extremis" story arc by Warren Ellis,[73] the film will have Robert Downey, Jr., Gwyneth Paltrow, and Don Cheadle reprise their roles as Tony Stark / Iron Man, Pepper Potts, and James Rhodes / War Machine, respectively, with Ben Kingsley having entered negotiations to play an unspecified villain in April 2012.[74] Guy Pearce will also co-star.[75] Also currently in pre-production is Thor 2, the sequel to Thor (2011), in which Chris Hemsworth, Tom Hiddleston, Natalie Portman, and Idris Elba reprising their roles as Thor, Loki, Jane Foster, and Heimdall, respectively. It is set for release on November 15, 2013.[76] Sequels to Captain America: The First Avenger and The Avengers are also planned.[77][78]

Samuel Sterns, played by Tim Blake Nelson in The Incredible Hulk (2008), was introduced to set him up as a villain in a future Hulk film, where he would become the Leader. Nelson hopes Marvel will ask him to reprise the role.[79] Cast member Tim Roth was contracted to return for a possible sequel.[80] While Marvel Studios chief Kevin Feige said in 2008 that The Incredible Hulk met Marvel's expectations and that Hulk would return after The Avengers,[81] he amended in April 2012 that "with the Hulk we're gonna play it very carefully. We had varying degrees of success on those first two movies, so we're not gonna say, 'Oh we did it! Another one!' We’re gonna be smart about it and play it out. There are no plans right now to do another Hulk [movie]. Hulk might be just the special guest in Avengers movies; who knows?"[82] However, Marvel later suggested a possible 2015 release for a sequel due to the positive audience reaction to Mark Ruffalo's portrayal of the character in The Avengers.[83]

Edgar Wright plans to direct a live-action Ant-Man film.[84] The script has been written by Wright and Joe Cornish, who plan to include Henry Pym and Scott Lang as major characters, with Pym as Ant-Man in the 1960s in Tales to Astonish style, and a flashforward to Lang as Ant-Man's successor in the 1980s or '90s.[85]

In 2009, Marvel attempted to hire a team of writers to help come up with creative ways to launch its lesser-known properties, such as Black Panther, Cable, Iron Fist, Nighthawk, and Vision,[86] and in April 2010, Marvel began meeting with filmmakers to discuss small-scale, $20–40 million movies based on lesser-known characters. Properties including Dr. Strange, Ka-Zar, Luke Cage, Dazzler, and Power Pack are among those being considered for development.[87]

In May 2010, Samuel L. Jackson said that a S.H.I.E.L.D. movie is likely to be released after The Avengers.[88] In July 2010, at the San Diego Comic-Con International, company head Kevin Feige revealed that another Punisher reboot is in the works. Feige said that the rights to the character have reverted back to Marvel Studios, and they want to take their own shot at it. He also said that he is aiming for a "Frank Castle" movie rather than a Punisher film.[89]

In September 2010, during a press conference for the Iron Man 2 Blu-ray and DVD release, Kevin Feige confirmed that discussions about the possibility of a Black Widow solo film have taken place. "We've already started discussions with Scarlett [Johansson] about the idea of a solo movie and have begun putting together concepts," said Feige. "But The Avengers comes first."[90] A Hawkeye film is also being considered, with Jeremy Renner in talks to reprise his role as the character.[91][92]

In January 2011, Marvel Studios hired documentary filmmaker Mark Bailey to write a script for a Black Panther film with Marvel's Kevin Feige producing.[93] Also in January, Iron Man 2 actor Don Cheadle, confirmed that a War Machine spin-off film was in development.[53] A trade report in March 2011 said Marvel Entertainment is developing an Inhumans film and described it as "in the vein of 'X-Men' about aliens who were put on Earth as a sleeper cell to eventually call back their race to take over the planet."[94]

In September 2011, Captain America star Chris Evans outlined he was contracted for six movies, which he believed would be split between a Captain America trilogy and an Avengers trilogy.[95] Feige said in mid-April 2012 that Iron Man 3 would start filming "in five weeks" in North Carolina, and Thor 2 "in three months" in London.[82]

Reception

Box office performance

Film U.S. release date Revenue Rank Budget Reference
United States International Worldwide All time domestic All time worldwide
Iron Man May 2, 2008 $318,412,101 $266,762,121 $585,174,222 #28 #73 $140,000,000 [96]
The Incredible Hulk June 13, 2008 $134,806,913 $128,620,638 $263,427,551 #282 #324 $150,000,000 [97]
Iron Man 2 May 7, 2010 $312,433,331 $311,500,000 $623,933,331 #32 #60 $200,000,000 [98]
Thor May 6, 2011 $181,030,624 $268,295,994 $449,326,618 #149 #123 $150,000,000 [99]
Captain America: The First Avenger July 22, 2011 $176,654,505 $191,953,858 $368,608,363 #161 #176 $140,000,000 [100]
The Avengers May 4, 2012 $513,672,000 $781,600,000 $1,305,463,000 #4 #4 $220,000,000 [101]
Total $1,637,009,474 $1,948,732,611 $3,595,933,085 $1,000,000,000 [102] [103] [104] [105] [106]

Critical reaction

Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic Yahoo! Movies
Overall Top Critics
Iron Man 94% (237 reviews)[107] 91% (43 reviews)[108] 79 (38 reviews)[109] B+ (15 reviews)[110]
The Incredible Hulk 67% (216 reviews)[111] 54% (39 reviews)[112] 61 (38 reviews)[113] B- (14 reviews)[114]
Iron Man 2 74% (266 reviews)[115] 67% (39 reviews)[116] 57 (40 reviews)[117] B- (12 reviews)[118]
Thor 77% (254 reviews)[119] 64% (39 reviews)[120] 58 (39 reviews)[121] B (10 reviews)[122]
Captain America: The First Avenger 79% (215 reviews)[123] 78% (40 reviews)[124] 66 (36 reviews)[125] C+ (9 reviews)[126]
The Avengers 93% (258 reviews)[127] 86% (44 reviews)[128] 69 (43 reviews)[129] A+ (11 reviews)[130]
Average ratings 81% 73% 65 N/A

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