Luqman: Difference between revisions
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:''Not to be confused with [[Luqman (sura)]].'' |
:''Not to be confused with [[Luqman (sura)]].'' |
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{{Quran}} |
{{Quran}} |
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'''Luqman''' (also known as '''Luqman the Wise''', '''Luqmaan''', '''Lukman''', and '''Luqman al-Hakeem'''; {{lang-ar|لقمان}}) was a wise man for whom '''[[Luqman (sura)|Surat Luqman]]''' ({{lang-ar|سورة لقمان}}), the thirty-first [[sura]] (chapter) of the [[Qur'an]], was named. Luqman (c. 1100 BC) is believed to be from [[Ethiopia]] in [[Africa]].<ref name=tafsir/><ref name=stories/> There are many stories about Luqman in [[Arabic literature|Arabic]] and [[Turkish literature]] and the primary historical sources are the [[Tafsir ibn Kathir]] and Stories of the Qur'an by [[Ibn Kathir]]. The Qur'an does not state whether or not Luqman was a [[Prophets of Islam|prophet]], but some people believe him to be a prophet and thus write ''[[Peace be upon him (Islam)|Alayhis salaam]]'' (A.S.) with his name. |
'''Luqman''' (also known as '''Luqman the Wise''', '''Luqmaan''', '''Lukman''', '''Luqmán''' and '''Luqman al-Hakeem'''; {{lang-ar|لقمان}}) was a wise man for whom '''[[Luqman (sura)|Surat Luqman]]''' ({{lang-ar|سورة لقمان}}), the thirty-first [[sura]] (chapter) of the [[Qur'an]], was named. Luqman (c. 1100 BC) is believed to be from [[Ethiopia]] in [[Africa]].<ref name=tafsir/><ref name=stories/> There are many stories about Luqman in [[Arabic literature|Arabic]] and [[Turkish literature]] and the primary historical sources are the [[Tafsir ibn Kathir]] and Stories of the Qur'an by [[Ibn Kathir]]. The Qur'an does not state whether or not Luqman was a [[Prophets of Islam|prophet]], but some people believe him to be a prophet and thus write ''[[Peace be upon him (Islam)|Alayhis salaam]]'' (A.S.) with his name. The Bahá'í [[Bahá'í literature|holy writings]] also make reference to Luqman.<ref name=epistle/><ref name=valleys/> |
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==Source of Luqman's wisdom== |
==Source of Luqman's wisdom== |
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A few days later, Luqman was again instructed to slaughter a sheep, but this time he was asked to take the best parts of the animal to the owner. Luqman slaughtered a sheep, and to his master's amazement, again brought the same organs (the heart and the tongue). His master asked Luqman how the heart and the tongue could be both the worst and the best parts. The wise Luqman answered: The tongue and the heart are the sweetest parts if its owner is pure; and if he is wicked, they too are as wicked! Thereafter, Luqman's owner held him in great respect. Luqman was consulted by many people for advice, and the fame of his wisdom spread all over the country.<ref name=tafsir/> |
A few days later, Luqman was again instructed to slaughter a sheep, but this time he was asked to take the best parts of the animal to the owner. Luqman slaughtered a sheep, and to his master's amazement, again brought the same organs (the heart and the tongue). His master asked Luqman how the heart and the tongue could be both the worst and the best parts. The wise Luqman answered: The tongue and the heart are the sweetest parts if its owner is pure; and if he is wicked, they too are as wicked! Thereafter, Luqman's owner held him in great respect. Luqman was consulted by many people for advice, and the fame of his wisdom spread all over the country.<ref name=tafsir/> |
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==On death== |
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In the Bahá'í writings, Luqman presents the following analogy to his son to explain the inevitability of the afterlife: "O Son, if thou art able not to sleep, then thou art able not to die. And if thou art able not to waken after sleep, then thou shalt be able not to rise after death.” <ref name=valleys/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist | refs = |
{{reflist | refs = |
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<ref name=tafsir>Ibn Kathir, Hafiz, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Dar-us-Salam Publications, 2000 (original ~1370)</ref> |
<ref name=tafsir>Ibn Kathir, Hafiz, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Dar-us-Salam Publications, 2000 (original ~1370)</ref> |
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<ref name=stories>Al-Halawi, Ali Sayed, Stories of the Qur'an by Ibn Kathir, Dar Al-Manarah</ref> |
<ref name=stories>Al-Halawi, Ali Sayed, Stories of the Qur'an by Ibn Kathir, Dar Al-Manarah</ref> |
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<ref name=epistle>*{{cite book |
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|author=Bahá'u'lláh |
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|authorlink=Bahá'u'lláh |
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|origyear=1892 |
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|year=1988 |
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|title=Epistle to the Son of the Wolf |
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|edition=Paperback |
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|publisher=Bahá'í Publishing Trust |
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|location=Wilmette, Illinois, USA |
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|isbn=0-87743-182-5 |
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|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/ESW/ |
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}} |
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<ref name=valleys>*{{cite book |
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|author= Bahá'u'lláh |
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|authorlink=Bahá'u'lláh |
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|origyear=1856-63 |
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|year=1991 |
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|title=The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys |
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|publisher=Bahá'í Publishing Trust |
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|location=Wilmette, Illinois, USA |
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|isbn=0-87743-227-9 |
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|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/SVFV/ |
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}} |
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}} |
}} |
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* [https://archive.org/details/FabulasDeLuqmanPorM.Charbonneau.Paris.Hachette1846 FABULAS DE LUQMAN POR M. CHARBONNEAU. PARIS . HACHETTE, 1846] |
* [https://archive.org/details/FabulasDeLuqmanPorM.Charbonneau.Paris.Hachette1846 FABULAS DE LUQMAN POR M. CHARBONNEAU. PARIS . HACHETTE, 1846] |
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* [https://archive.org/details/fablesdeloqmanle00luqm Fables de Loqman le Sage; le texte rev. de nouveau sur les mss., accompagné d'une version française et des notes, et précédé d'une introduction sur la personne de Loqman et sur l'origine de ce recueil de fables (1850)] |
* [https://archive.org/details/fablesdeloqmanle00luqm Fables de Loqman le Sage; le texte rev. de nouveau sur les mss., accompagné d'une version française et des notes, et précédé d'une introduction sur la personne de Loqman et sur l'origine de ce recueil de fables (1850)] |
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* [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/epistle-son-wolf/#f=f3-163] |
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* [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/seven-valleys-four-valleys/#f=f2-88] |
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{{Characters and names in the Quran}} |
{{Characters and names in the Quran}} |
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Revision as of 20:33, 2 February 2015
- Not to be confused with Luqman (sura).
| Quran |
|---|
Luqman (also known as Luqman the Wise, Luqmaan, Lukman, Luqmán and Luqman al-Hakeem; Arabic: لقمان) was a wise man for whom Surat Luqman (Arabic: سورة لقمان), the thirty-first sura (chapter) of the Qur'an, was named. Luqman (c. 1100 BC) is believed to be from Ethiopia in Africa.[1][2] There are many stories about Luqman in Arabic and Turkish literature and the primary historical sources are the Tafsir ibn Kathir and Stories of the Qur'an by Ibn Kathir. The Qur'an does not state whether or not Luqman was a prophet, but some people believe him to be a prophet and thus write Alayhis salaam (A.S.) with his name. The Bahá'í holy writings also make reference to Luqman.[3][4]
Source of Luqman's wisdom
Luqman was described as a perceptive man, always watching the animals and plants of his surroundings, and he tried to understand the world based on what he saw. One day, whilst sleeping under a tree, an angel came to him and said Allah wanted to bestow a gift upon Luqman: either wisdom or being king. Luqman chose wisdom, and when he woke from his slumber, he was aware that his senses and understanding had sharpened. He felt in complete harmony with nature and could understand the inner meaning of things, beyond their physical reality. Immediately he bowed down, thanked and praised Allah for this wonderful gift.[2]
Slavery
Luqman was captured by slavers and sold as a slave. He was deprived of his freedom and could neither move nor speak freely. This was the first trial he had to bear. He suffered his bondage patiently, for his heart was lit with faith and hope.
The man who bought him was a good as well as an intelligent man. He treated Luqman with kindness. He was able to detect that Luqman was not an ordinary man and tried to test his intelligence. He ordered Luqman to slaughter a sheep and to bring its worst part to him. Luqman slaughtered the sheep and took its heart and tongue to his master. On receiving them his master smiled, fascinated by Luqman's choice of the 'worst'. He understood that Luqman was trying to convey some deep meaning, though he could not make out exactly what. From this moment his owner began to take more interest in Luqman and showed more kindness to him.
A few days later, Luqman was again instructed to slaughter a sheep, but this time he was asked to take the best parts of the animal to the owner. Luqman slaughtered a sheep, and to his master's amazement, again brought the same organs (the heart and the tongue). His master asked Luqman how the heart and the tongue could be both the worst and the best parts. The wise Luqman answered: The tongue and the heart are the sweetest parts if its owner is pure; and if he is wicked, they too are as wicked! Thereafter, Luqman's owner held him in great respect. Luqman was consulted by many people for advice, and the fame of his wisdom spread all over the country.[1]
On death
In the Bahá'í writings, Luqman presents the following analogy to his son to explain the inevitability of the afterlife: "O Son, if thou art able not to sleep, then thou art able not to die. And if thou art able not to waken after sleep, then thou shalt be able not to rise after death.” [4]
References
- ^ a b Ibn Kathir, Hafiz, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Dar-us-Salam Publications, 2000 (original ~1370)
- ^ a b Al-Halawi, Ali Sayed, Stories of the Qur'an by Ibn Kathir, Dar Al-Manarah
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
epistlewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
valleyswas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
External links
- . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
- Surah Luqmaan (Complete text in Arabic with English and French translations)
- FABULAS DE LUQMAN POR M. CHARBONNEAU. PARIS . HACHETTE, 1846
- Fables de Loqman le Sage; le texte rev. de nouveau sur les mss., accompagné d'une version française et des notes, et précédé d'une introduction sur la personne de Loqman et sur l'origine de ce recueil de fables (1850)
- [1]
- [2]