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==References==
==References==
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{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
: {{cite article |first=W. Michael |last=Ashcraft |year=2005 |title=A History of the Study of New Religious Movements |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=9 |number=1 |pages=93-105 |jstor=10.1525/nr.2005.9.1.093 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite book |last=Barker |first=Eileen |year=1989 |title=New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationary Office |location=London |isbn=978-0113409273 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite article |last=Barker |first=Eileen |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=2004 |title=What Are We Studying? A Sociological Case for Keeping the "Nova" |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=8 |number=1 |jstor=10.1525/nr.2004.8.1.88 |pages=88–102 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite book |last=Barrett |first=David V. |title=The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions |publisher=Cassell & Co. |location=London |year=2001 |isbn=978-0304355921 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite article |last=Bromley |first=David G. |year=2004 |title=Whither New Religions Studies?: Defining and Shaping a New Area of Study |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=8 |number=2 |jstor=10.1525/nr.2004.8.2.83 |pages=83-97 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite contribution |last=Bromley |first=David G. |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=2012 |contribution=The Sociology of New Religious Movements |title=The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge and New York |editors=Olav Hammer and Mikael Rothstein (eds.) |pages=13–28 |isbn=978-0521145657 |ref=harv}}

:{{citation
| last = Gardner
| first = Martin
| authorlink= Martin Gardner
| year = 1995
| title = Urantia: The Great Cult Mystery
| publisher = [[Prometheus Books]]
| isbn = 978-1-59102-622-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Gardner|1995}}
}}

: {{cite contribution |last1=Hammer |first1=Olav |last2=Rothstein |first2=Mikael |year=2012 |contribution=Introduction to New Religious Movements |title=The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge and New York |pages=1–9 |isbn=978-0521145657 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite contribution |last=Lewis |first=James R. |contribution=Overview |title=The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements |pages=1–15 |editor=James R. Lewis (ed.) |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0195149869 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite article |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |year=2004 |title=Toward a Definition of "New Religion" |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=8 |number=1 |jstor=10.1525/nr.2004.8.1.73 |pages=73-87 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite contribution |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |author-mask={{long dash}} |contribution=An Introduction to New Religions |title=The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements |pages=16–35 |editor=James R. Lewis (ed.) |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004b |isbn=978-0195149869 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite article |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |author-mask={{long dash}} |title=New New Religions: Revisiting a Concept |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=10 |number=4 |year=2007 |pages=103-112 |jstor=10.1525/nr.2007.10.4.103 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite book |last=Oliver |first=Paul |title=New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed |publisher=Continuum |year=2012 |location=London and New York |isbn=978-1441101976 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite article |last=Olson |first=Paul J. |year=2006 |title=The Public Perception of "Cults" and "New Religious Movements" |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |volume=45 |number=1 |pages=97-106 |ref=harv}}

: {{cite article |first=Thomas |last=Robbins |title=Quo Vadis the Scientific Study of New Religious Movements |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |volume=39 |year=2000 |pages=515–24 |ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}



{{New_Religious_Movements}}
{{New_Religious_Movements}}

Revision as of 19:39, 22 April 2017

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Inclusion in this list assumes having both the requisite training as well as actually conducting at least one research study on cults and/or new religious movements (using accepted methodological standards common in the research community), published in a peer-reviewed journal or academic book.

Background

"Three basic questions have been paramount in orienting theory and research on NRMs: what are the identifying markers of NRMs that distinguish them from other types of religious groups?; what are the different types of NRMs and how do these different types relate to the established institutional order of the host society?; and what are the most important ways that NRMs respond to the sociocultural dislocation that leads to their formation?"

— Sociologist of religion David G. Bromley[1]

The academic study of new religious movements is known as 'new religions studies' (NRS).[2] The study draws from the disciplines of anthropology, psychiatry, history, psychology, sociology, religious studies, and theology.[3] Barker noted that there five sources of information on NRMs: the information provided by such groups themselves, that provided by ex-members as well as the friends and relatives of members, organisations that collect information on NRMs, the mainstream media, and academics studying such phenomena.[4]

The study of new religions is unified by its topic of interest, rather than by its methodology, and is therefore interdisciplinary in nature.[5] A sizeable body of scholarly literature on new religions has been published, most of it produced by social scientists.[6] Among the disciplines that NRS utilises are anthropology, history, psychology, religious studies, and sociology.[7] Of these approaches, sociology played a particularly prominent role in the development of the field,[7] resulting in it being initially confined largely to a narrow array of sociological questions.[8] This came to change in later scholarship, which began to apply theories and methods initially developed for examining more mainstream religions to the study of new ones.[8]

The majority of research has been directed toward those new religions which have attracted a greater deal of public controversy; less controversial NRMs have tended to be the subject of less scholarly research.[9] It has also been noted that scholars of new religions have often avoided researching certain movements which tend instead to be studied by scholars from other backgrounds; the feminist spirituality movement is usually examined by scholars of women's studies, African-American new religions by scholars of Africana studies, and Native American new religions by scholars of Native American studies.[10]

List

Name Lifetime Nationality Field Notes
Arthur Fauset 1899-1983 United States Anthropology Fauset was a noted civil rights activist, anthropologist, folklorist, and educator. He belonged to the Philadelphia Anthropology Society, the American Anthropological Association, and the American Folklore Society. Elsie Clews Parsons supported him throughout his career in anthropology and with her support Fauset published his Ph. D. on African American cults in Philadelphia, New York and Chicago, Black Gods of the Metropolis in 1944.[11]
Stephen Glazier United States Anthropology Glazier is a member of the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology at the University of Nebraska; where he teaches classes in anthropology, race and minority relations, and sociology of religion. He has conducted extensive fieldwork in Trinidad which focused on Caribbean religions such as Rastafari, Vodoun, and the Spiritual Baptists. He has served as president of the Society for the Anthropology of Consciousness and secretary of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion.[12]
Alice Beck Kehoe 1934 United States Anthropology Kehoe was a Professor of Anthropology at University of Nebraska at Lincoln and Marquette University, and the author of several books on new religious movements among Native American peoples, including the Ghost Dance.[13]: v4 p19 
Karla Poewe 1941 England Anthropology Poewe is an anthropologist and historian. She is the author of ten academic books and fifty peer reviewed articles in international journals. Currently Poewe is Professor Emeritus in Anthropology at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada and Adjunct Research Professor at Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, England. She is married to Irving Hexham.[14] Poewe and Hexham co-authored Understanding Cults and New Religions (1986) and New Religions as Global Cultures (1997).[15]
Thomas Alexander 1935- United States History Alexander, a professor of History at Brigham Young University, is the author of many scholarly books and articles on the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[16]
Jonathan M. Butler 1948- United States History Butler is an historian of religion. He worked as an associate professor of church history at Loma Linda University in California, and also taught at Union College in Nebraska. He was co-editor of the magazine Adventist Heritage. He authored an article in 1979 claiming Ellen White's endtime scenario was culturally conditioned to the point of being more at place in her time than now.[17][18][19]
Jean-Pierre Chantin France History Chantin is a French historian, associated with the University of Lyon. He specializes in the history of religion in France, including the Catholic Church and the role of new religious movements.[20][21] In 1998 his study of Jansenism was published by the University of Lyon.[22] In 2001 he was the chief editor of Dictionary of the religious world in contemporary France, published by Editions Beauchesne.[23] In 2004 he published a 157-page study on French sects from 1905 to 2000, asking: " disputes or religious innovations?"[24]
Olav Hammer 1958– Sweden History Hammer is a Professor of History of Religion at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, with a research focus on the application of critical theory in the context of religious change and innovation.[25]: xii [26]
Ronald Hutton 1953- England History Hutton is an English historian. Educated at Cambridge and Oxford, he taught history at the University of Bristol in the 1980s. He has written influential books on Neopaganism, Wicca, and related topics.[27][28]
Jean-Francois Mayer 1957– Switzerland History Mayer is a religious historian and Director of the Institute Religioscope. He has a doctorate degree in History at the Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 (1984). From 1991 to 1998, he worked as an analyst on international affairs and policy for the Swiss federal government. In 1999, he founded a firm of strategic researches named JFM Recherches et Analyses, and taught at the University of Freiburg from 1999 to 2007.[29] In 2007, Mayer founded the Institute Religioscope and became the director. He contributed in the writing of several magazines, including Politica Hermetica, Religioscope and Religion Watch. His writing focuses on contemporary religious movements and cults, including Islam, Unification Church, the Church of Scientology, the Order of the Solar Temple and the Pilgrims of Arès.[30]
Mikael Rothstein Denmark History Rothstein is an associate professor of religious history at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.[31][32] In 2002 he was on the board of the Danish Association for the History of Religions (DAHR) and the editorial boards of the publications Renner Studies on New Religions (Aarhus University Press) and Nye Religioner (Gyldendal).[33] He is the author of several books on religious history and especially on the role of new religious movements, among them: Belief Transformations: Some Aspects of the Relation between Science and Religion in Transcendental Meditation (TM) and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) (1996), Secular Theories on Religion: Current Perspectives (2000) (co-author with Tim Jensen), New Age Religion and Globalization (2002), and New Religions in a Postmodern World (2003) (co-editor with Reender Kranenborg)
James Charles Napier Webb 1946–1980 Scotland History James Charles Napier Webb was an historian and biographer. He was born in Edinburgh, was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. He is remembered primarily for two works The Occult Underground and The Occult Establishment. Webb traced the influence of occult and mystical groups and writers on literature, philosophy and politics.[34]
Ferdinando Sardella Sweden History of religion Ferdinando Sardella is a Swedish scholar of history of religions, Hinduism, and religious studies, the former director and coordinator of the Forum for South Asia Studies at Uppsala University. His areas of interest and specialization are: modern Hinduism, Buddhism, religions in South Asia (from both a local and a global perspective), new religious movements, religion and science, medieval bhakti movements, Bengali and Sanskrit studies, the history and sociology of religion, interreligious dialogue, comparative religion, globalization and postcolonial theory.[35][36] Sardella obtained a Ph.D. degree in 2010 at his alma mater on Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, a prominent Bengali proponent of the bhakti tradition of Gaudiya Vaisnavism in the 20th century and founder of a movement called the Gaudiya Math.[37]
Robin Munro Scotland Jurisprudence Munro is a legal scholar and author. He received his PhD from the Department of Law, School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London.[38] He has written on new religious movements in China, including Falun Gong and syncretic sects and secret societies.[39][40]
Martin Gardner 1914-2010 United States Mathematics Gardner was an American mathematics and science author. He wrote the Mathematical Games column in Scientific American from 1956 to 1981 and the Notes of a Fringe-Watcher column in Skeptical Inquirer from 1983 to 2002 and published over 70 books. He wrote on various new religious movements, including Scientology and Urantia (the topic of his 1995 book published by Prometheus Books).[41][42][43][44]
Diane Winston United States Media and Religion Winston is a professor of Media and Religion at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California, and an author. USC lists her current research interests as media coverage of Islam, religion and new media, and the place of religion in American identity.[45][46] She received her B.A. from Brandeis, a Masters in Theological Studies from Harvard Divinity School, a masters in journalism from Columbia, and her Ph.D. in religion from Princeton University.[47] She has extensively studied the history of the Salvation Army.[48][49]
James R. Lewis 1949– United States Philosophy Lewis, a Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin, has been a prolific author and editor of books on new religious movements such as The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements (2004); he also edits the Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion series and is co-editor of Ashgate's Controversial New Religions series.[25]: xiii 
Frederick Sontag 1924-2009 United States Philosophy Sontag, an author and professor of Philosophy at Pomona College, was considered an expert on the Unification Church. In the 1970s he interviewed church founder Sun Myung Moon and church members in Europe, America, and Asia while researching for a book published in 1977.[50][51][52]
Raphaël Liogier France Political science Liogier is the director of the Observatoire du religieux[53] and a professor of universities at the Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence and the Institut de management public et de gouvernance territoriale. He co-authored several articles on the theme of religion.[54] Liogier wrote his thesis on Buddhism under the direction of Bruno Étienne, a professor at the Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence, and has among other things published a book on secularism in 2006. He works particularly on the issues related to Islam and cults.[55] He has also criticized the "anti-sect" government agency MIVILUDES.[56]
John Gordon Clark 1926–1999 United States Psychiatry Clark was a doctor and professor at Harvard Medical School.[57] He authored an article on cults for the Journal of the American Medical Association.[58]
Marc Galanter United States Psychiatry Galanter is director of the division of alcoholism and drug abuse in the department of psychiatry at New York University School of Medicine.[59][60] He is the editor of Cults and New Religious Movements: A Report of the American Psychiatric Association,[61] and author of Cults: Faith, Healing and Coercion.[62]
Saul V. Levine 1938– Canada Psychiatry Levine is a professor of psychiatry in Toronto, Canada.[63] He has researched cults and deprogramming, with work published in the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,[64] and the Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal.[65]
Robert Jay Lifton 1926– United States Psychiatry Lifton is a psychiatrist who has focused his research in the area of coercive persuasion.[66] He wrote an article on the creation of cults for The Harvard Mental Health Letter,[67] and is the author of Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism,[68] and Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism.[69]
Peter A. Olsson 1941– United States Psychiatry Olsson is a psychiatrist affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine, where he is on staff as adjunct clinical professor of psychiatry.[70] He is an assistant professor of psychiatry at Dartmouth Medical School.[70] In his research he has focused on the analysis of the framework and mindset of leaders of destructive cults and religious groups.[71][72]
Louis Jolyon West 1924–1999 United States Psychiatry West was a psychiatrist affiliated with University of California, Los Angeles.[73] He held positions of professor and chairman at the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA.[74] He contributed research on cults to publications including the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry,[75] and Cults and New Religious Movements: A Report of the American Psychiatric Association.[61] West served on the advisory board of the Cult Awareness Network.
Dick Anthony United States Psychology Anthony holds a PhD from the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California[76] and has supervised research at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and at the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley.[77][78] His research has been supported by agencies such as the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Drug Abuse and the National Endowment for the Humanities, and he has frequently testified or acted as a consultant in court cases involving NRMs.[25]: xi  He has been a leading critic of brainwashing and mind control theories and has defended NRMs, arguing that involvement in them has often been shown to have beneficial, rather than harmful effects.[78][79][80]
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi Israel Psychology Beit-Hallahmi graduated with a B.A. degree from Hebrew University, and received his M.A. and Ph.D. from Michigan State University.[81] He has served as Senior Lecturer in psychology at the University of Haifa, and has held faculty roles in clinical and research capacities at The University of Michigan, the University of Pennsylvania, Hebrew University, Michigan State University, and Tel-Aviv University.[81] Beit-Hallahmi is the author of Psychoanalysis and Religion: A Bibliography, and co-author of The Social Psychology of Religion; he edited Research in Religious Behavior.[81] He has published scholarship analyzing practices within standards of researching new religious movements.[82]
Arthur A. Dole United States Psychology Dole is a professor of psychology and education, at the University of Pennsylvania. He is a board member of the International Cultic Studies Association's (ICSA's) board of directors and a member of the Editorial Review Board of the peer reviewed academic journal, the Cultic Studies Review. He contributed a chapter to the comprehensive work The Psychology of Terrorism, Volume III: Theoretical Understandings and Perspectives. Responding directly to 9/11.
Steve Eichel United States Psychology Eichel is a psychologist known primarily for his work on destructive cults, coercive persuasion, mind control, brainwashing, and deprogramming. He is a former President of the Greater Philadelphia Society of Clinical Hypnosis and the 2006-07 President of the American Academy of Counseling Psychology, the national membership academy comprising American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) Board-certified counseling psychologists. Eichel is the President of the Board of the International Cultic Studies Association(ICSA).
Michael Langone 1947– United States Psychology Langone is the Executive Director of the International Cultic Studies Association(ICSA) and has written widely on alternative religious movements.[13]: v2 p147 [83]
Paul R. Martin 1946–2009 United States Psychology A former member of the Great Commission Association of Churches group, Martin was a psychologist and the founder and Executive Director of the Christian Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center. He consulted with several institutions, published on cult-related subjects, and collaborated in fieldwork focusing on the prediction and treatment of psychological damage related to involvement with high-demand religious movements.[84]
Jesse S. Miller 1940–2006 United States Psychology Miller taught a course in advanced hypnotherapeutic techniques, at UC Berkeley.[85] Miller specialized in analysis of hypnotherapy.
Margaret Singer 1921–2003 United States Psychology Singer was Professor Emeritus in the University of California at Berkeley's Department of Psychology. She had published widely on cultic groups, coercion, pseudo-therapudic practices, and other areas,[86] including brainwashing theories, of which she was a strong proponent. She sat as an advisory board member for anti-cult groups the Cult Awareness Network and the International Cultic Studies Association(ICSA).
Jan van der Lans 1933–2002 Netherlands Psychology Van der Lans was a Dutch professor in the psychology of religion at the Catholic University of Nijmegen (now called Radboud University Nijmegen). From 1977 onwards he did research among followers of new religious movements. In 1979 he instigated a European platform of psychologists of religion and until 1997 he was chairperson of the International Committee of European Psychologists of Religion. In 1992 he became a professor in the psychology of religion at the university. Van der Lans was involved in the International Association for the Psychology of Religion (German: Internationale Gesellschaft für Religionspsychologie) and as of 1998 part of its executive committee. He was also a member of the Commission Internationale de Psychologie Religieuse Scientifique.[87]
Steven Hassan 1954– United States Psychiatry Hassan formed a method of counseling former members of controversial religious groups, called the Strategic Interaction Approach.[88] In his 2002 book The Psychology of Terrorism, author Chris E. Stout writes that Hassan, "bases his counseling of voluntary cultists on theory and research. To combat destructive mind control, he has developed the Strategic Interaction Approach. This approach is designed to free the cult member from the group's control over his or her life."[88] New York Magazine characterized Hassan as, "one of the country's leading experts on cults and mind control".[89] Steven Hassan is the author of the book Combatting Cult Mind Control, which was recommended by Louis Jolyon West in the American Journal of Psychiatry "to both lay persons who wish to become better informed on this topic and to professionals in health-related fields, clergy, attorneys, judges, and others whose responsibilities bring them into contact with cults, their members, and the families whose lives are affected."[90] and Peter Tyrer MD in the The Lancet wrote that it was "well worth reading" for "professionals in mental health, particularly those involved with students".[91] His "Strategic Intervention Therapy: A New Form of Exit Counseling for Cult Members" was published in 1994.[92] In 2003, the news agency Reuters described Hassan as a "cult expert";[93] the same characterization has been made about Hassan by The Toronto Sun,[94] the Sydney Morning Herald,[95] The New York Times,[96] The Globe and Mail,[97] the Herald Sun,[98] and Newsweek.[99] In the book Theorising Religion: Classical and Contemporary Debates edited by James A. Beckford and John Walliss, Hassan is described as a "scholar" belonging to the faction of "cult bashers".[100]
George D. Chryssides 1945– United Kingdom Religious studies Chryssides is the author, contributor and editor for several references covering new religious movements. He is senior lecturer for Religious Studies at the University of Wolverhampton, and has served in various organizations related to the study of religion.[101][102]
Dan Cohn-Sherbok 1945- Israel Religious studies Cohn-Sherbok is a rabbi of Reform Judaism, a Jewish theologian and a prolific author on religion. He is Professor Emeritus of Judaism at the University of Wales. He has written on Messianic Judaism, Christian Zionism, and other new religious movements related to Judaism.[103]
Douglas E. Cowan United States Religious studies Cowan teaches at Renison College, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and is one of the co-general editors of Nova Religio: The Journal of New and Emergent Religions.[104]
Thomas Forsthoefel United States Religious studies Forsthoefel is a professor of religious studies at Mercyhurst College in Erie, Pennsylvania, as well as a poet and author. He has a special interest in Hinduism and Buddhism and has written on both new religious movements and established traditions within these faiths, while his own background is Roman Catholic.[105][106] Forsthoefel's published books include: Four charismatic thinkers on violence and non-violence: analysis and evaluation (Loyola University of Chicago, 1987), Epistemologies of religious experience in medieval and modern Vedānta (University of Chicago Divinity School), 1998), Knowing beyond knowledge: epistemologies of religious experience in classical and modern Advaita (Ashgate, 2002), Gurus in America co-editor with Cynthia Ann Humes (SUNY Press, 2005), Soulsong: Seeking Holiness, Coming Home (Orbis Books, 2006), and The Dalai Lama: essential writings editor (Orbis Books, 2008).
Eugene V. Gallagher United States Religious studies Gallagher is a professor of religious studies at Connecticut College. His department lists his specializations as: History of religion, New religious movements, New Testament and early Christianity, Western scriptures and traditions. He is the author of several books, mainly on the topic of new religious movements.[107] In 1995 Gallagher and James D. Tabor, an associate professor of religious studies at the University of North Carolina, co-authored Why Waco? Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America. The book blamed the 1993 Waco siege partly on misunderstanding of religious issues by law enforcement personnel.[108]
Mattias Gardell 1959- Sweden Religious studies Gardell is a scholar of comparative religion. He is the current holder of the Nathan Söderblom Chair of Comparative Religion at Uppsala University, Sweden.[109] Gardell specializes in the study of religious extremism and religious racism in the United States, studying groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, Nation of Islam, and folkish movements in Neopaganism (Odinism).[110] His 1995 dissertation on Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam was published in both British and American editions.[109]
Ron Geaves United Kingdom Religious studies Geaves is a professor of religion at Liverpool Hope University in England. He has become known by his expertise in the adaptation and transmigration of religions to the West, especially Islam, Sikhism and Hinduism. He is the author of several books, including The Sufis of Britain, which explored the manifestations of Islamic mysticism in the UK and The Continuum Glossary of Religious Terminology an extensive glossary of seven major world faiths. He was one of the earliest Western students of Maharaji (Prem Rawat, known also as Guru Maharaj Ji), and has written a number of papers related to Maharaji and his organizations, such as the Divine Light Mission, and Elan Vital.[111][112]
Andreas Grünschloß 1957– Germany Religious studies Grünschloß, Professor of Religious Studies at Göttingen University, is a researcher with a focus on new religious movements (especially UFO religions), Buddhism, syncretism and related topics who has contributed to various encyclopedias, anthologies and scholarly journals.[25]: xii  He is also co-editor of the Marburg Journal of Religion.[113]
Irving Hexham 1943– United Kingdom/Canada Religious studies Hexham is Professor of Religious studies at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He began his academic research with a study of New Age thought in Glastonbury[114] and continued his research with a study of the origins of the ideology of Apartheid.[115] Later he pioneered the study of the amaNazareta by publishing the complete scriptures of this important African Independent Church which in the past was often considered pagan.[116] Alongside his South African studies Hexham also published extensively on New Religious Movements, Theology, the History of Christian Missions, and, more recently National Socialism.[117]
Cynthia Ann Humes United States Religious Studies Humes is a professor of Religious studies at Claremont McKenna College, in Claremont, California.[118] She has spent much time in India in order to study first-hand the role of goddesses in modern Hinduism,[119][120] and has also written on Hinduism's influence on new religious movements in the United States.[121] In 2008 she criticized the Transcendental Meditation movement for its seeming misunderstanding of Indian classical music,[122] while in 2005 she had criticized its exclusivity.[123]
Danny Jorgensen 1951 United States Religious Studies Jorgensen is a professor at the Department of Religious studies of the University of South Florida[124] is an American professor at the Department of Religious studies of the University of South Florida,[125] for which he also served as chair from 1999 to 2006. Jorgensen's research interests include Sociology of Culture, Knowledge, and Religion, Science and Religion, Cults and Sects, American religion, Native American religions, new religions, Mormonism, Shakerism, Occultism, Neopaganism, Witchcraft, Scientology, and others.[126]
Reender Kranenborg 1942– Netherlands Religious studies Kranenborg was an editor of the magazine Religious Movement in the Netherlands published by the institute of religious studies of the Free University in Amsterdam.[127] He received his Phd. in the theological faculty about the subject of Self-realization and he has a seat at the Comitato Scientifico (scientific committee) of the CESNUR.[128]
Jeffrey Kripal United States Religious Studies Kripal is a professor of religious studies and Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at Rice University, Houston, Texas. His areas of interest include the comparative erotics and ethics of mystical literature, American countercultural translations of Asian religions, and the history of Western esotericism from ancient gnosticism to the New Age, including[129] the Ramakrishna Mission,[130] and the Esalen Institute.[131]
J. Gordon Melton 1942– United States Religious studies Melton is author of, co-author of, or contributor to many standard references and articles on emergent and established religious groups, including the Encyclopedia of American Religions. He is the Director of the Institute for the Study of American Religions based in Santa Barbara, California.[25]: xiii [132]
Timothy Miller United States Religious studies Miller is a professor and author with a special interest in communalism and new religious movements. He is a professor of religious studies at the University of Kansas at Lawrence.[133][134] In 1995 his book America's Alternative Religions was published by SUNY Press.[135]
John A. Saliba United States Religious studies Saliba is Professor of religious studies at the University of Detroit Mercy as well as a Catholic priest and a Jesuit.[136] He advocates a conciliatory approach towards new religious movements, arguing that "dialogue is more useful than diatribe".[137] He notes that for most people membership in a NRM is temporary, and maintains that NRMs can act as a temporary safe haven for young adults, enabling them to stabilise their lives.[137][138] He is critical of the anti-cult movement and has remarked that "the neutral stance of the social sciences is a stance which has often been interpreted as favoring the NRMs".
Larry Shinn United States Religious studies Shinn is president of Berea College, Kentucky. Prior to this appointment he was Vice-President of Academic Affairs, Dean of Humanities and Head of the Religious Studies Department at Bucknell University, USA. He has studied ISKCON in America for more than forty years and, among his other writings, published, The Dark Lord, a study of the Hare Krishnas and the cult controversy. He is also a United Methodist minister. He is notable for accepting the bona fides of the ISKCON even before a majority of academia accepted their (ISKCON's) traditional and orthodox nature.[139]
Mark Silk 1951 United States Religious studies Silk is a professor of religion in public life at Trinity College (Hartford, Connecticut).[140][141] In the 1980s and 1990s Silk was a regular contributor to the New York Times, contributing essays and book reviews on feminist theology,[142] new religious movements,[143] Jewish identity, and other religion-related topics.[144] In 1995 he criticized the American news media for their unbalanced coverage of new religious movements when compared to more established religious institutions.[145]
Catherine Wessinger United States Religious studies Wessinger is a professor of religious studies at Loyola University New Orleans with a main research focus on millennialism, new religions, women and religion and religions of India. Wessinger is co-general editor of Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions[146] and served as a consultant to federal law enforcement during the Montana Freemen standoff.[147]
Eileen Barker 1938– United Kingdom Sociology Barker is Professor Emeritus of the Sociology Department at the London School of Economics. She is founder and chairperson of INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements), past-Chairperson of the British Sociological Association's Study Group for the Sociology of Religion, past-President of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, and past-President of the Association for the Sociology of Religion. Her work has included hundreds of articles, books, reviews and consultations with governments.[148][149]: 1–5 
James A. Beckford United Kingdom Sociology Beckford is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Warwick, a Fellow of the British Academy, and a former President of both the Association for the Sociology of Religion and the International Society for the Sociology of Religion. He has authored or edited a dozen books about new religious movements and cult controversies and has contributed about 100 journal articles and book chapters to the field.[150]: x [151] He is associated with Eileen Barker's INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements), a UK charity that disseminates information on NRMs to government and the public at large.[152]
David G. Bromley 1941– United States Sociology Bromley is a professor of sociology at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, a past president of the Association for the Sociology of Religion, and a former editor of the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion.[25]: xi [80]: 63–64 [132] His publishing has concentrated both on new religious movements and the anti-cult movement that arose to oppose them; he and Anson Shupe became "the primary social science interpreters of that countermovement in a series of books and articles".[13] He is an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church.
Peter B. Clarke 1940–2011 United Kingdom Sociology Clarke was Professor Emeritus of the History and Sociology of Religion at King's College London, a professorial member of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Oxford, and the founding editor of the Journal of Contemporary Religion. His publications include Japanese New Religions: In Global Perspective (editor), New Religions in Global Perspective: A Study of Religious Change in the Modern World and the Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements (editor).[153][154]
Lorne L. Dawson Canada Sociology Dawson is Professor of Sociology and Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Waterloo. His publications include Comprehending Cults (1998), Cults and New Religions (2003) and Religion Online (2004); in addition, he has authored numerous scholarly articles and book chapters on the study of new religions, religion and the internet and related topics.[25]: xi 
Régis Dericquebourg 1947– France Sociology Dericquebourg is a sociologist of religions. He wrote his thesis on Jehovah's Witnesses under the direction of Jean Seguy. He holds a doctorate in psychosociology and a postgraduate degree in clinical psychology from the Institute of Paris 7.[155] He is a member of the Group for the Study of Religions and Secularity at the National Center for the Scientific Studies in Paris, and a professor at the Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III. He published five books, many sociological articles in collective books, encyclopedias and journals and regularly participated in conferences of sociology. His contributions are mainly on Jehovah's Witnesses, healing churches and new religious movements.[156]
Karel Dobbelaere 1933– Belgium Sociology Dobbelaere is an Emeritus Professor of both the University of Antwerp and the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium. He is past-President and General Secretary of the International Society for the Sociology of Religion. His teaching focus was sociology and the sociology of religion. His research fields have included changes in religious participation and new religious sectarian movements.[149]: ix 
Ronald Enroth 1938– United States Sociology Enroth is a widely published author and prominent Christian countercultist who has done work in the area of abusive evangelical Christian congregations and new religious movements. He is professor of sociology at Westmont College in Santa Barbara, California.[157][158][159]
Daniel Foss 1940 United States Sociology Foss is a sociologist and author. He taught at the School for Critical Studies at the California Institute of the Arts, at Livingston College, and at the Newark College of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers University. He has published research in sociology journals, including a piece on the white middle class youth movement of the 1960s and its relationship to later movements such as the Children of God, the Divine Light Mission, Swami Muktananda and the Revolutionary Youth Movement in Theory and Society.[160] He later co-authored, with Ralph Larkin, a more focused article dealing with Guru Maharaj Ji and his followers, which was published in Sociological Analysis,[161] and a piece dealing with the vocabulary utilized in these social movements, in Social Text.[162]
Jeffrey K. Hadden 1937–2003 United States Sociology Hadden was Professor of Sociology and Religious Studies at the University of Virginia, and founder of an internet resource on new religious movements, the Religious Movements Homepage Project.[25]: xii [163]
Stephen J. Hunt United Kingdom Sociology Hunt is a Professor of Sociology at the University of the West of England whose primary research interests in the field of alternative religion include the Charismatic movement and the "New" Black Pentecostal Churches.[150]: 14 [164]
Massimo Introvigne 1955– Italy Sociology Introvigne is the director of the Center for Studies of New Religions (CESNUR) in Turin, Italy; his publications include over thirty books on the history and sociology of religion (among them the Enciclopedia delle religioni in Italia), as well as over a hundred scholarly articles in various languages.[25]: xii [165]
Benton Johnson 1928– United States Sociology Johnson is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Oregon, former chair of both its Sociology Department and Department of Religious Studies, and former editor of Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. He is past-president of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, the Association for the Sociology of Religion, and The Religious Research Association. His work focuses on church-sect typology, new religious movements and mainline U.S. Protestant denominations.[80]: 251–252 [166]
Stephen A. Kent Canada Sociology Kent is a Professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.[167] A specialist in alternative religions, he has published research on such groups as the Children of God and Scientology, and has cautioned against downplaying the risks associated with involvement in such groups.[167][168]
Janja Lalich 1945– United States Sociology Lalich is a widely published author and educator who has done work in the area of cults and psychological influence. She is the head of the Cult Recovery and Information Center in Alameda, California.
David C. Lane 1956– United States Sociology Lane is a professor of philosophy and sociology at Mt. San Antonio College, in Walnut, California. He is the author of: The Making of a Spiritual Movement: The Untold Story of Paul Twitchell and Eckankar, The Unknowing Sage:Life and Work of Baba Faqir Chand, and Exposing Cults: When the Skeptical Mind Confronts the Mystical.[169]
John Lofland 1936 United States Sociology Lofland is a sociologist, professor, and author best known for his studies of the peace movement and for his first book, Doomsday Cult: A Study of Conversion, Proselytization, and Maintenance of Faith which was based on field work among a group of Unification Church members in California in the 1960s. It is considered to be one of the most important and widely cited studies of the process of religious conversion, and one of the first modern sociological studies of a new religious movement.[13]: v5 p180 [80][170] He earned a PhD in sociology the University of California, Berkeley based on his Unification Church study. Since 1970 he has been a professor in the sociology department at the University of California, Davis, where he is now Professor of Sociology Emeritus.[171]
Richard Ofshe 1941– United States Sociology Ofshe is a widely published author and expert witness who has done work in the area of cultic mind control and the use of hypnosis for recovering repressed memories. He is a professor emeritus of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley.[172]
Susan J. Palmer Canada Sociology Palmer teaches in Montreal, Quebec as an Adjunct Professor at Concordia University and as Professor of Religious Studies at Dawson College; she is the author of more than sixty articles as well as the author or editor of eight books on new religious movements.[25]: xiii 
Margaret Poloma United States Sociology Poloma is a professor and author who is known for her research on the Pentecostal movement in American Christianity.[173] She is now Professor Emeritus at the University of Akron.[174]
Adam Possamai Australia Sociology Possamai is currently Co-Director of the Religion and Society Research Centre at the University of Western Sydney.[175] He was the 2002-2007 co-editor of the Australian Religion Studies Review[176] and President of the sociology of religion section (RC22) of the International Sociological Association from 2010 to 2014.[177] He has published research on the Church of All Worlds, the Church of Satan, Jediism, and other new religious movements.[175]
James Richardson United States Sociology Richardson has done work in the area of minority religions and connections between law and religion. He directs the Grant Sawyer Center for Justice Studies at the University of Nevada (Reno).[178][179]
Thomas Robbins 1943– United States Sociology Robbins is an independent scholar affiliated with the Santa Barbara Centre for Humanistic Studies; trained at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina, he has held teaching and research appointments at Queens College, the New School for Social Research, Yale University and the Graduate Theological Union and is a leading contributor of social scientific literature on new religious movements.[80]: 427–428 
Anson Shupe 1948– United States Sociology Shupe is a Professor of Sociology at the joint campus of Indiana State University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne, Indiana. He has done fieldwork on a number of new religious movements, in particular the Unification Church, and has also studied the anti-cult movement; he and David G. Bromley became "the primary social science interpreters of that countermovement in a series of books and articles".[80]: 63, 467 [180]
Roy Wallis 1945-1990 Ireland Sociology Wallis was a sociologist and Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the Queen's University Belfast. He is mostly known for his creation of the seven signs that differentiate a religious congregation from a sectarian church, which he created while researching the Scientology church. After publishing his book The Road to Total Freedom, an in-depth analysis of the sociology of Scientology, he was harassed by the church both legally and personally.[181][182] Forged letters, apparently from Wallis, were sent to his colleagues implicating him in various scandalous activities.[183] He introduced the distinction between world-affirming and world-rejecting new religious movements.[80]
Margit Warburg 1952– Denmark Sociology Warburg is a professor at the University of Copenhagen's Department of History of Religions. She specializes in the sociology of religion with emphasis on emergent religious sects and religious minorities. She has written extensively on the effect of technology on religion and new religious movements.[184]
Bryan R. Wilson 1926–2004 United Kingdom Sociology Wilson was Reader Emeritus in Sociology and an Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College at Oxford. He taught at Oxford for over 30 years, and was visiting professor at various universities world-wide. He was Honorary President of the International Society for the Sociology of Religion. His work was in the typology of sects, the secularization of religious groups, and relationships between minority groups and governments.[80]: 557–558 [149]: xiii [185]
Benjamin Zablocki 1941– United States Sociology Zablocki is the head of the Sociology department at Rutgers University. He has published on communes, leadership roles in new religious movements, and the academic debates regarding brainwashing and methodology in the study of new religion.[186][187][188][189]
Walter Hollenweger 1927 Switzerland Theology Hollenweger is a Swiss theologian and author, recognized as an expert on worldwide Pentecostalism. His two best known books are: The Pentecostals (1972) and Pentecostalism: Origins and Developments Worldwide (1997)[190] In 1955 he began studying at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Zurich. He wrote a ten volume doctoral dissertation Handbuch der Pfingstbewegung (Handbook of the Pentecostal Movement) published in 1966. The core of this work was published in various languages and became a standard work on Pentecostalism. His numerous publications in the years following made him one of the premier interpreters of this movement.

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Barker, Eileen (1989). New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office. ISBN 978-0113409273. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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Barrett, David V. (2001). The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 978-0304355921. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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 ———  (2012). "The Sociology of New Religious Movements". The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 13–28. ISBN 978-0521145657. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
Gardner, Martin (1995), Urantia: The Great Cult Mystery, Prometheus Books, ISBN 978-1-59102-622-8{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (2012). "Introduction to New Religious Movements". The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–9. ISBN 978-0521145657. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Lewis, James R. (2004). "Overview". In James R. Lewis (ed.) (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–15. ISBN 978-0195149869. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |editor= has generic name (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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 ———  (2004b). "An Introduction to New Religions". In James R. Lewis (ed.) (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 16–35. ISBN 978-0195149869. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |editor= has generic name (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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Oliver, Paul (2012). New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed. London and New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-1441101976. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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