Indian Administrative Service: Difference between revisions
Bharat.varsh (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
+Nowhere in the article anywhere, did Mr. Patel directly state or spell out the words IAS. The words used is "system" not a particular service. WIKIPEDIA IS. NOT FOR ASSUMPTIONS AND PERSONAL OPINIONS. This is an encyclopedia written solely on facts, data. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{Rquote|left|There is no alternative to this administrative system... The Union will go, you will not have a united India if you do not have good All-India Service which has the independence to speak out its mind, which has sense of security that you will standby your work... If you do not adopt this course, then do not follow the present Constitution. Substitute something else... these people are the instrument. Remove them and I see nothing, but a picture of chaos all round the country. |'''[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]''' in Constituent Assembly discussing role of IAS as All India Service.<ref name="Discussion in Constituent Assembly on role of Indian Administrative Service">{{cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol10p3a.htm |title=Discussion in Constituent Assembly on role of Indian Administrative Service |author=|date= |work= |publisher=Government of India|location= |accessdate=26 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="Save the integrity of the civil service">{{cite web|title=Save the integrity of the civil service|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/op-ed/020717/save-the-integrity-of-the-civil-service.html|accessdate=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="One Who Forged India’s Steel Frame">{{cite web|title=One Who Forged India’s Steel Frame|url=http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=15210|publisher=H.N. Bali|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref>}} |
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The former [[Imperial Civil Service]] was the highest [[civil service]] of the [[British Empire]] in [[British India]] during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. Civil servants were divided into two categories - covenanted and uncovenanted. The covenanted civil service consisted of only white British civil servants occupying the higher posts in the government. The uncovenanted civil service was solely introduced to facilitate the entry of Indians at the lower rung of the administration.<ref>Meghna Sabharwal, Evan M. Berman "Public Administration in South Asia: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan (Public Administration and Public Policy," (2013)</ref><ref name="CUC Civil Service">{{cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indiaofficerecordsfamilyhistory/occupations/civilservice/civilservice.html |title=Civil Service |author=|date=8 June 2011 |work= |publisher=The British Library|location= |accessdate=14 August 2015}}</ref> |
The former [[Imperial Civil Service]] was the highest [[civil service]] of the [[British Empire]] in [[British India]] during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. Civil servants were divided into two categories - covenanted and uncovenanted. The covenanted civil service consisted of only white British civil servants occupying the higher posts in the government. The uncovenanted civil service was solely introduced to facilitate the entry of Indians at the lower rung of the administration.<ref>Meghna Sabharwal, Evan M. Berman "Public Administration in South Asia: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan (Public Administration and Public Policy," (2013)</ref><ref name="CUC Civil Service">{{cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indiaofficerecordsfamilyhistory/occupations/civilservice/civilservice.html |title=Civil Service |author=|date=8 June 2011 |work= |publisher=The British Library|location= |accessdate=14 August 2015}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 19:00, 16 August 2017
Service Overview | |
---|---|
Formerly known as | ICS |
Founded | 1858 (As Imperial Civil Service) |
Country | India |
Staff College | Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand |
Cadre Controlling Authority | Department of Personnel and Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension |
Minister Responsible | Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India and Minister responsible for Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension |
Legal personality | Governmental: Government service |
Duties | Law & Order Management Policy Formulation Policy Implementation Civil Administration Advisors to Ministers Managing bureaucracy (Center and State) |
Preceding service | Imperial Civil Service (1858–1946) |
Cadre Strength | 4926 members (3511 officers directly recruited by UPSC and 1415 officers promoted from state civil services) [1] |
Head of the Civil Services | |
Current Cabinet Secretary | Pradeep Kumar Sinha, IAS |
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) (Hindi: भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा) is an All-India service[2] for administration.
IAS officers hold key and strategic positions in the Union Government, States governments[2] and public-sector undertakings.[2] Like in various countries (for example UK) following a Parliamentary system, IAS as the permanent bureaucracy[3] in India forms an inseparable part of the executive branch of the Government of India[4], thus providing continuity to the administration.[5]
Along with the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IAS is one of the three All India Services — its cadre can be employed by both the Union Government and the individual States.[2]
Upon confirming to service after probation as Sub-Divisional Magistrate, an IAS officer is given administrative command in the district as District Magistrate and Collector after four years of service, after sixteen years of service in some states, an IAS officer heads a whole division in state, as its Commissioner. On attaining the Apex Scale, they go on to head whole departments and subsequently entire Ministries of Governments of India and its states. IAS officers represent the Government of India at the international level in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. On deputations[6] they work at Intergovernmental organisations like World Bank[7][8] and United Nations or its Agencies.[6] IAS officers at various levels of administration play vital roles in conducting free, fair and smooth elections in India under the direction of Election Commission of India and states.[9]
History
The former Imperial Civil Service was the highest civil service of the British Empire in British India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. Civil servants were divided into two categories - covenanted and uncovenanted. The covenanted civil service consisted of only white British civil servants occupying the higher posts in the government. The uncovenanted civil service was solely introduced to facilitate the entry of Indians at the lower rung of the administration.[10][11]
With the passing of the Government of India Act 1919, the Imperial Services headed by the Secretary of State for India, were split into two – All India Services and Central Services.[12]
At the time of the partition of India and the departure of the British in 1947, the Imperial Civil Service was divided between the new Dominions of India and Pakistan. The part which went to India was named the Indian Administrative Service, while the part that went to Pakistan was named the Central Superior Services of Pakistan.
Recruitment
IAS officers are recruited from Civil Services Examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission.[2] They are also promoted from State Civil Services[2] and selected from non-state civil service.[2] Unlike candidates selected for other civil services, a person once appointed to the Indian Administrative Service or Indian Foreign Service (IFS) becomes ineligible to reappear in Civil Services Examination,[13] because, prior to 1979 a person to be eligible for IAS/IFS had to appear for additional papers but even after the UPSC civil services exam was made common, the status quo was maintained.[14][15] After getting selected, candidates undergo training at LBSNAA, Mussoorie for IAS.
State Cadres
Being an All India service, officers of the IAS are allotted to State cadres at the beginning of their service. They continue to work in that cadre or are deputed to Government of India. There is one cadre for each Indian state, except for two joint cadres: Assam–Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh–Goa–Mizoram–Union Territories (AGMUT).[16] The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who are posted in their home states) is maintained as 1:2, with one-third of the direct recruits as 'insiders' from the same state.[17] The rest are posted as outsiders according to the 'roster' in states other than their home states,[17] as per their preference.
Till 2008 there was no system of preference of state cadre by the candidates; the candidates, if not placed in the insider vacancy of their home states, were allotted to different states in alphabetic order of the roster, beginning with the letters A, H, M, T for that particular year. For example, if in a particular year the roster begins from 'A', which means the first candidate in the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre of IAS, the next one to Bihar, and subsequently to Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and so on in alphabetical order.[18] The next year the roster starts from 'H', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (if it has started from Haryana in the previous occasion when it all started from 'H', then this time it would start from Himachal Pradesh). This highly intricate system, in vogue since the mid-1980's, had ensured that officers from different states are placed all over India.
The system of permanent State cadres has also resulted in wide disparities in the kind of professional exposure for officers, when we compare officers in small and big and also developed and backward states.[18] Changes of state cadre is permitted on grounds of marriage to an All India Service officer of another state cadre or under other exceptional circumstances. The officer may go to their home state cadre on deputation for a limited period, after which one has to invariably return to the cadre allotted to him or her.[16]
Functions of an IAS officer
Typically the functions of an IAS officer are as follows:
- To implement government policies at grass-root level when posted at field work i.e. as SDM, ADM, DM and Divisional Commissioner and act as intermediate between public and government.[19]
- To handle the daily affairs of the government, including framing and implementation of policy in consultation with the minister-in-charge of the concerned ministry which requires supervision and proper enforcement at ground realities.[2]
- In the process of policy formulation and decision making, when posted at central or state secretariat as Joint Secretary, Principal Secretary, Additional Secretary, Chief Secretary, Secretary and Cabinet Secretary at higher level contribute to the final shape of the policy and/or take a final decision with the concurrence of the minister concerned or the cabinet (depending on the gravity of the issue).[2]
Career Progression
Most IAS officers start their careers in the state administration at the sub-divisional level as a sub divisional magistrate. They are entrusted with the law and order situation of the city along with general administration and development work of the areas under their charge.[20] They proceed to various posts in the State and Central Governments, and also local-self Governments (Municipal Corporations / Zilla Parishads), and Public Sector Undertakings.[21] They also occupy posts in regulatory organizations such as SEBI,[22] RBI.[23] If appointed to Constitutional positions such as Election Commission of India or UPSC or statutory authorities such as Central or State Information Commissions, they are deemed to be retired from service.[24] Some IAS officers are also deputed to private sector organizations under Rule 6(2)(ii) of the IAS (Cadre) Rules, 1954.[25]
Grade/Level on Pay Matrix[26] | Field Posting(s) | Position in the State Government(s) | Position in the Central Government | Position in Indian Order of Precedence | Base Salary (per month)[26] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabinet Secretary Grade (Pay level 18) |
- |
- |
11 |
₹2,50,000 | |
Apex Scale (Pay level 17) |
- |
23 |
₹2,25,000 | ||
Higher Administrative Grade (Above Super Time Scale) (Pay level 15) |
Additional Secretary |
25 |
₹2,00,000 | ||
Senior Administrative Grade (Above Super Time Scale) (Pay level 14) |
Secretary |
26 |
₹1,75,000 | ||
Selection Grade (Pay level 13) |
Special Secretary |
Director |
₹1,18,500 | ||
Junior Administrative Grade (Pay level 12) |
Joint Secretary |
Deputy Secretary |
₹78,800 | ||
Senior Time Scale (Pay level 11) |
Additional District Magistrate |
Deputy Secretary |
Under Secretary |
₹67,700 | |
Junior Time Scale (Pay level 10) |
Under Secretary |
Assistant Secretary |
₹56,100 |
Major concerns and reforms
The IAS is hamstrung by political interference, outdated personnel procedures, and a mixed record on policy implementation, and it is in need of urgent reform. The Indian government should reshape recruitment and promotion processes, improve performance-based assessment of individual officers, and adopt safeguards that promote accountability while protecting bureaucrats from political meddling.
— The Indian Administrative Service Meets Big Data, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace[27]
Lateral Entry
Media personnel, some retired IAS officers and a few academicians have argued in favour of lateral entry into IAS, so to inject fresh blood into the service. They argue that it would help freshening up the bureaucracy, and would offer competitiveness and an alternate point of view.[28][29][30]
However, on the opposite side of the spectrum, there is fear that once such a bureaucratic process is set in motion, it will become a precedent for all time and could be cited and manipulated by future governments at the centre and the states to plant people regardless of their worth.[31] They argue that lateral entry would open the floodgates for a spoils system. It will not by itself lead to enhanced managerial performance or accountability.[32] They argue, while lateral entry may create synergy between the government and big businesses, but it will also compromise the integrity of the government.[33]
Some also argue that far from infusing energy, it could further enfeeble the bureaucracy.[34]
The Union government, on many occasions, has ruled out lateral entry into IAS.[35][36][37]
Political Influence
Many think tanks and media personnel have argued that the IAS is hamstrung by the political influence in the service.[27][38] Many local political leaders have been seen to have force IAS officers’ hand. Politicians threaten IAS officers by frequently transferring them,[39][40][41] suspending them,[42][43][44] and in some extreme cases, threatening to kill them.[45][46]
Corruption
In 2015, it was reported by Government of India that as many as 100 IAS officers have been in the list of corrupt bureaucrats and have come under the CBI scanner for alleged involvement in corruption cases.[47][48][49][50] Further, as per Government of India records, over 1,800 IAS officers deliberately failed to submit details of their immovable assets to federal government for year 2016.[51]
Recently, several Chief Secretaries[52][53][54] and Principal Secretaries[55][56][57] were arrested in graft cases[58][59] and laundering.[60] IAS officers have been found amassing disproportionate assets and wealth varying ₹2,000,000,000 (US$24 million),[61] ₹3,000,000,000 (US$36 million)[61] and ₹3,500,000,000 (US$42 million).[61]
In 2017, a former Secretary to Government of India and few other IAS officers were sentenced to jail for the coal allocation scam by a CBI special court in Delhi.[62][63]
In 2017, it was reported by Department of Personnel and Training of Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions that 24 officers from IAS along with 381 Group A Service officers had been premature retired and granted cut in remuneration.[64] In recent years, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has dismissed few IAS officers for non performance.[65][66][67] In 2016, it was reported that Government of India has decided to empower common man to seek prosecution of corrupt IAS officers.[68] Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (DoPT) has accepted to receive requests from private persons seeking sanction for prosecution in respect of IAS officers without any proper proposal and supporting documents.[68]
Notable IAS Officers
Some of the notable members of the service are as follows:-
See also
References
- ^ "2016 Total Cadre strength of IAS as in January 2016". Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Service Profile for the Indian Administrative Service" (PDF). Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Bhattacharjee, Subhomoy (22 June 2017). "In defence of administrative continuity". Business Standard. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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- ^ "Election Commission of India" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 29 December 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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- ^ "Civil Service". The British Library. 8 June 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Goel, S.L. Public Personnel Administration : Theory and Practice. Deep and Deep Publications, 2008. ISBN 9788176293952.
- ^ http://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Engl_CSP_2017.pdf
- ^ Tikku, Aloke (4 July 2016). "Civil services aspirants to be spared two additional papers". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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- ^ a b Educational Philosophy of Dr. Zakir Hussain. Dr. Noorejahan H. 2008. p. 325. ISBN 9788182202412. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Cadre allocation policy for the All India Services - IAS/IPS/IFS" (PDF). Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ "Responsibilities of an IAS officer". Jagran Josh. Dainik Jagran. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Alka Sirohi appointed UPSC chairman". Times of India. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "The Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) rules, 1954" (PDF). Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. 1954. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "The need for lateral entry in civil services". Live Mint. HT Media. 19 July 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Natarajan, Gulzar; Subbarao, Duvvuri (9 August 2017). "The case for lateral entry". The Indian Express. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Kumar, Gudipati Rajendra (26 July 2017). "Need for lateral entry into Civil Services". The Hans India. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Chandra, Shailaja (15 July 2017). "Should the government allow lateral entry into the civil services?". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Rae, Vivek (21 February 2015). "Vivek Rae: Lateral entry into the civil service is not a good idea". Business Standard. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
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(help) - ^ "Government rules out lateral entry into civil services". The Indian Express. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
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{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Patel, Ananad Kumar (2 April 2015). "45th Transfer for IAS Officer Ashok Khemka, BJP Downplays it". NDTV. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (12 April 2017). "Chandigarh: Haryana IAS officer Pradeep Kasni transferred for 68th time in 33 years". India Times. The Times Group. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Mishra, Ishita (12 October 2014). "Akhilesh suspends Durga Shakti Nagpal's IAS husband". Times of India. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Caught on tape: Abusive Rajasthan BJP MLA threatens to kill CMO, suspended". Firstpost. 19 December 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "100 IAS officers came under CBI scanner in last 5 years: Government". The Indian Express. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ "Narendra Modi cautions IAS officers against corruption, laziness, despondency". The Times of India. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- ^ "1991 Batch IAS Officer Gets 4 Years In Jail In Corruption Case". NDTV. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
- ^ "Cover Story: The buck stops here, in officers' pockets". Tehelka. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
- ^ "Over 1,800 IAS officers fail to disclose asset details". The Economic Times. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
- ^ "24-Hour Raids At Tamil Nadu Chief Secretary P Rama Mohana Rao's Home, Office". NDTV. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Tamil Nadu chief Secretary P Rama Mohana Rao, son raided, Rs 30 lakh in new notes". The Indian Express. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Former UP Chief Secretary arrested". Outlook (magazine). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "CBI books senior Chhattisgarh IAS officer for corruption". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
- ^ "Delhi government suspends Principal Secretary Rajendra Kumar". The Indian Express. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Delhi Principal Secretary, four others arrested in graft case". The Indian Express. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Bihar suspends arrested IAS probationer on bribe charge". Business Standard. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Bihar Bureaucrat In His First Posting Is Jailed For Rs. 80,000 Bribe". NDTV. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Top IAS named in grants swindle". The Telegraph (Calcutta). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ a b c "IAS officer with Rs 80,000 salary has Rs 200 cr wealth". India Today. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
- ^ "Coal scam: Former coal secretary H C Gupta, two other IAS officers get two years in jail". The Indian Express. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ "IAS trio convicted in coal scam". The Telegraph (Calcutta) . Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ "381 babus, including 24 IAS, punished: Personnel ministry to PM Modi". The Economic Times. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ "Senior IAS officer sacked for non-performance". Press Trust of India. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "MP: Corruption charges framed against Arvind, Tinoo Joshi". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "Dismissed IAS officer Arvind Joshi, who was on the run, surrenders". The Indian Express. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ a b "Centre to empower common man to punish corrupt babus". The Economic Times. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
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Notes
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Civil List IAS Civil List
- ER Sheet by Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
- Mystery of the missing IAS dozen by The Telegraph (Calcutta)