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Tesla Cybertruck

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This article is about the Tesla pickup. For Tesla's semi-trailer tractor-unit truck, see Tesla Semi.

Tesla Cybertruck
Cybertruck
Overview
ManufacturerTesla, Inc.
Production2023–present
AssemblyUnited States: Austin, Texas (Gigafactory Texas)
DesignerFranz von Holzhausen, Sahm Jafari,[1] Ian Kettle, WooTak Kim, Julien Bilodeau[2]
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size pickup truck
Body style4-door crew cab[3]
Layout
Powertrain
Transmission1-speed fixed gear ratio
Battery
  • 123 kWh 800 V
  • 50 kWh (with range extender battery)
Electric range
  • 250–340 miles (400–545 km) EPA estim.
  • 440–470 miles (710–755 km) (with optional range extender battery)
Plug-in charging
  • ≤250 kW DC at 400V[4]
  • ≤350 kW DC at 800V[5]
  • 11.5 kW AC (240V, 48A)
  • V2H and V2V: 11.5 kW AC (240V, 48A)
  • V2L: 9.6 kW AC (240V, 40A) continuous
Dimensions
Length223.7 in (5,680 mm)[6]
Width80–95 in (2,000–2,400 mm)[6]
Height70.5 in (1,790 mm)[6]
Curb weight
  • AWD: 6,603 lb (2,995 kg)[6]
  • Cyberbeast: 6,843 lb (3,104 kg)[6]

The Tesla Cybertruck is a battery electric full-size pickup truck built by Tesla, Inc. Three models are offered: 'Cyberbeast', All Wheel Drive, and Rear-Wheel Drive, with EPA range estimates of 250–340 miles (400–550 km), varying by model.[7] It is only available in North America.[8][9][10]

History

From 2012[11] to 2013, Elon Musk discussed his desire to build a truck, making comparisons with a Ford F-250.[12][13] In early 2014 Musk predicted 4–5 years before work could start on the product.[14]

In mid-2016, Musk outlined his goals for a consumer pickup truck.[15] He suggested using the same chassis for a van and a pickup truck.[16] During the Tesla Semi and Tesla Roadster unveiling in November 2017, a picture of a "pickup truck that can carry a pickup truck" was displayed.[17]

In late 2018, Musk talked of showing a prototype in 2019.[18] In March 2019, following the Tesla Model Y launch, Musk distributed a teaser image of a vehicle described as having a cyberpunk or Blade Runner style,[19] with the form resembling a futuristic armored personnel carrier.[20][21][22] It was rumored to be named the Model B.[23][24][25]

Unveiling

2019 unveiling of the Cybertruck, with its windows shattered

The concept Cybertruck was unveiled at the Tesla Design Studio in Los Angeles on November 21, 2019—the same month, year and location that the movie Blade Runner was set.[26][27][28][29][30] The truck was launched under a graffiti-themed logo of "Cybertruck".[31]

During the unveiling, Tesla claimed that the Cybertruck's "Armor Glass" windows were virtually unbreakable, but two windows shattered when Franz von Holzhausen threw a metal ball at each of them.[32] Musk later claimed that the windows were damaged because, in an earlier demonstration, the door was hit by a sledgehammer that cracked the base of the glass.[33] In mid-2019, the towing capacity of the vehicle was stated to meet or exceed that of a Ford F-150.[34] Tesla released a video of Cybertruck pulling a rear-wheel-drive Ford F-150 uphill in a tug of war.[35] News outlets pointed out this was due to Cybertruck's heavier weight.[36][37]

Tesla's stated goal was to provide a sustainable energy substitute for the roughly 6,500 fossil-fuel-powered trucks sold per day in the United States.[38][39][40]

At the end of the presentation, the Tesla Cyberquad, an all-terrain vehicle (ATV), was driven onto the bed of the Cybertruck using built-in ramps in the tailgate. The Cyberquad was plugged into the Cybertruck's onboard power outlet to charge its batteries. The ATV was to be available for sale as a Cybertruck option.[41]

Many social media commentators criticized the sharp contours and unusual exterior.[42] Tesla, Inc. stock declined 6% following the announcement.[43] The prototype was exhibited at the Petersen Automotive Museum in June 2020[44] and returned in November 2022.[45]

Reservations

Cybertruck prototype on display at the Petersen Automotive Museum

Beginning in November 2019, Tesla accepted Cybertruck reservations with a US$100 deposit.[46][47] On November 23, 2019, Musk tweeted that Tesla had received 146,000 reservations in the first 1.5 days after the unveiling.[48][49] Musk updated the number of preorders to 250,000 on November 26.[50]

In January 2020, Automobile Magazine named Cybertruck the "Concept Car of the Year" for 2019.[51]

In October 2021, Tesla removed the Cybertruck's pricing and specifications from its website without explanation, while still accepting deposits.[52] An updated prototype was spotted undergoing testing in December 2021. The newer prototype could be distinguished from the original (2019) by the presence of a large windshield wiper and the omission of the truck's front light bar.[53]

At the 2022 Annual Shareholders meeting, in response to a question, Elon Musk stated that final specifications and pricing would be materially different from those unveiled on the concept vehicle in 2019.[54]

Preorders were temporarily shut down prior to the delivery event on November 30, 2023.[55] Since the official delivery event, the price for a deposit is now $250.[56]

Pilot production

Release Candidate testing in San Mateo, California during October 2023

Franz von Holzhausen drove a prototype to the Petersen Automotive Museum for an event in late June 2023.[57]

In July 2023, the first Cybertruck was built on the production line at Gigafactory Texas;[58] and Tesla clarified in October that this was pilot production.[59]

Delivery

Production-specification Cybertrucks were sent to Tesla showrooms starting in late November 2023.[60][61]

During the delivery event at Gigafactory Texas on November 30, 2023, Tesla delivered the first 10 or 12 production units to customers.[62][63] The event featured a 30-minute presentation including a demonstration where the Cybertruck's armored glass successfully withstood a baseball thrown by von Holzhausen.[64] During the delivery event the speed of the Cybertruck was highlighted as being able to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 2.6 seconds which was demonstrated by a video of the Cybertruck winning a drag race with a Porsche 911 while also towing another Porsche 911.[65]

At the delivery event, final pricing, availability, and product details also were announced. Three models were announced: single-motor RWD, dual-motor AWD, and a tri-motor "Cyberbeast". The RWD model base price was US$60,990 to be available in 2025. Its range was 250 mi (400 km) and had a top speed of 112 mph (180 km/h). The all wheel drive was to be available in 2024 at a starting price of $79,990. Its range was 340 mi (550 km) and had a top speed of 130 mph (210 km/h). The three-motor Cyberbeast variant was offered at prices starting at $99,990, also to be available in 2024.[55] Compared to the 2019 launching event, base prices had risen by US$21,000–39,000, depending on the model, an increase of 52.9% to 82.1%.[66]

Design

Inspiration and styling

A lineup of preproduction Tesla vehicles, including the 2019 Cybertruck prototype, on display in September 2020

According to Musk, the design of the Cybertruck was inspired by Blade Runner and "Wet Nellie", the Lotus Esprit driven by James Bond in The Spy Who Loved Me, which doubled as a submarine.[67] In June 2019, Musk noted that an amphibious vehicle design concept was possible.[68][69] Musk had bought a Wet Nellie used in the filming at a 2013 Sotheby's auction.[67]

In a Musk biography by Walter Isaacson, Musk's son Saxon was quoted as asking "why doesn't the future look like the future?", which Musk used as an inspiration for the design[70] and repeated during the delivery event.[63][71] Lars Moravy confirmed Musk's involvement: "Elon threw in that it had to drive like a sports car but have all the utility of a pick-up truck... basically, we were sweating bullets". von Holzhausen stated the design process "started [by] unpacking existing pick-up trucks and realis[ing] that the market hasn't changed at all. [...] Like Gandini, we wanted to do something dramatic that changed everything. I had this simple idea right in the beginning, this exoskeleton idea, a low-resolution looking type of truck. And out of that side project we made a full-size clay model to show Elon. And he's like, 'that's what we're doing.'"[5]

Syd Mead, Blade Runner's artistic director, called the Cybertruck "stylistically breathtaking" shortly after the unveiling.[72] Frank Stephenson was critical, calling the design "almost repulsive" but tempered his criticism by noting it "has the potential to be extremely beautiful" by softening the hard lines.[73] Automotive designer Adrian Clarke was more unsparing: "The Cybertruck is a low polygon joke that only exists in the fever dreams of Tesla fans that stands high on the smell of Elon Musk’s flatulences".[74] Giorgetto Giugiaro, credited with originating the "origami" car design trend with the Lotus Esprit, BMW M1, and DMC DeLorean, stated in 2023 that "when you step outside the norms, it's almost always seen as a provocation ... the Cybertruck will surely be successful ... I'm convinced it will find its admirers".[75]

Journalist Paul Niedermeyer said he was "blown away", comparing the design to Giugiaro's Maserati Boomerang, as "never has anyone put something so uncompromising into production", adding that "in a world of look-alike cars and trucks, the Cybertruck is a very welcome addition to the streets".[76] Tom Halter wrote the polarizing design could mark the start of a new design trend for pickup trucks, arguing "the paramilitary 'stealth fighter' look of the Cybertruck successfully kicks aside the old urban cowboy look while not compromising the inherent manliness and toughness that attracts buyers to pickups in the first place".[77]

Exterior

Production-spec Cybertruck and Cyberquad in Tesla showroom (Nov 2023)

The Cybertruck uses stressed skin construction,[78][better source needed] which Tesla calls an "exoskeleton";[79][better source needed] this structure is used rather than the body-on-frame construction typical of trucks.[80] Musk likened it to the difference between biplane and monoplane aircraft structures.[80] In its 2021 patent application, Tesla clarified that the vehicle would include a frame, but claimed the exterior panels served to support at least one component, such as a hinge, handle, bolt, motor, or interior trim panel, and also provided side impact protection.[78]

The exterior stainless steel sheet-metal was demonstrated to be bullet-resistant.[81] It uses up to 3 mm (1⁄8 in) 30x-series cold-rolled stainless steel body panels, which cannot be stamped like conventional automobile parts, but instead are laser-cut and then bent along straight lines,[82][83] resulting in a faceted design that has been called "low-poly" and likened to origami.[84] It uses the same stainless steel alloy developed by Tesla[85] in partnership with Aperam[83] that Musk's SpaceX uses on its Starship rocket, because of its even stress distribution and increased interior volume.[86] Earlier design concepts had proposed titanium outer panels, but stainless steel offered additional strength.[87]

Powertrain

Cybertruck uses new 800 V electric motors. The dual motor AWD version uses a permanent magnet motor on the front axle and an induction motor at the rear axle for a total power output of 600 hp (450 kW).[82] The tri-motor version "Cyberbeast" adds a second induction motor on the rear axle, offering a maximum combined output of 845 hp (630 kW) in Beast Mode.[6]

Cybertruck model specifications[6][4][88][89]
Model
Specification
Rear-wheel drive Dual-motor AWD Tri-motor AWD "Cyberbeast"
Range
(EPA est.) 		without Range Extender 250 mi (400 km) 340 mi (550 km) 320 mi (510 km)
with Range Extender ? 470 mi (760 km) or more 440 mi (710 km) or more
Performance 0 to 60 mph 6.5 sec. 4.1 sec. 2.6 sec. (with rollout subtracted)
Top speed 112 mph (180 km/h) 112 mph (180 km/h) 130 mph (210 km/h)
Output Power ? 600 hp (450 kW; 610 PS) 845 hp (630 kW; 857 PS)
Wheel torque ? 7,435 lb⋅ft (10,081 N⋅m) 10,296 lb⋅ft (13,960 N⋅m)
Hauling capacity Payload ? 2,500 lb (1,100 kg)
Towing 7,500 lb (3,400 kg) 11,000 lb (5,000 kg)
Availability 2025 2024

Suspension, chassis and steering

Cybertruck features active air suspension at both axles. The truck has self-leveling suspension that can compensate for variable load.[81] Up to 17.44 inches (44.3 cm) of ground clearance are provided,[4] with a 35 degree approach angle, and 28 degree departure angle.[38]

Interior view, 2019 prototype

Cybertruck features Steer-by-wire. The steering wheel completes turns with less than a 360 degree rotation, 170° in each direction.[90] Four-wheel steering (rear wheels up to 10°) reduces the turning circle.[63]

Range, battery, and charging

Dual motor all-wheel drive is specified with an estimated range of 340 mi (550 km), while Cyberbeast models have a range of 320 mi (510 km).[90] On Nov 30th 2023, an RWD model with a range of 250 mi (400 km) was announced for delivery in 2025.

Cybertruck has an 800V battery with a maximum capacity of 123 kWh[66] and is claimed to charge at a maximum rate of 350 kW at appropriate charging stations supplying 800V DC power, like the Tesla Supercharger v4.[5] At 400V DC stations, such as earlier Superchargers, it is split internally into two parallel 400V sub-batteries to charge natively without internal power conversion,[91] at a maximum rate of 250 kW.[4] Up to 128 or 136 mi (206 or 219 km) (tri-motor or dual-motor versions, respectively) of range can be added in 15 minutes of charging.[4]. The on-board charger has a maximum rate of 11.5 kW using AC power.

The dual-motor and tri-motor configurations could be ordered with an additional "range extender" battery. It occupies approximately 1⁄3 of the truck bed and increases range by 120–130 mi (190–210 km). It is intended for long trips or towing heavy things up mountains.[92] It is priced at US$16,000.[90] Charging rates and architecture of the optional range extender battery were not disclosed at the November 2023 delivery event. It has an estimated capacity of 50 kWh.[5]

Vehicle-provided power

Main article: Tesla Powershare

Cybertruck offers up to 9.6 kW of vehicle-to-load (V2L) continuous AC power through two 120 V 20 A outlets plus a single 240 V NEMA 14-50 (up to 40A) outlet in the bed and two 120 V 20 A outlets in the cabin.

Cybertruck also supports up to 11.5 kW AC output for vehicle-to-home (V2H), or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging.[93][94]

Bed (vault)

Rear view, 2019 prototype

The bed is 72 in (1,800 mm) long and 48 in (1,200 mm) wide. It has a motorized roller shutter style tonneau cover enclosing 67 cu ft (1.9 m3).[95][96] Tesla calls this enclosed space "the vault", because of the additional security the company says it provides.[38] The bed has sloped side walls.[97] When the tonneau cover is closed, it covers the rear window blocking rear visibility. Instead, the image from a rear-facing camera is shown on the center screen.[98]

There are LED light strips along each side, under-bed storage behind the rear wheels, and 120 and 240 V AC outlets[19] inside the tonneau. A compressed air outlet for pneumatic tools was promised in 2019,[81][99] but was made an accessory item in the production version. The tailgate can be released remotely, but is closed manually.

Production

Cybertruck production began in Gigafactory Texas in Austin, Texas,[100] with pre-production models in July 2023.[58][59] Serial production had begun by November 2023.

Unavailability outside North America

As of December 2023, Tesla has confirmed that the Cybertruck will be available exclusively in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with no plans for release in other global markets, including Europe and Australia.[8][9][10] Tesla Model Y, S and 3 are all sold and available in Europe[9]

The decision to limit the Cybertruck's availability was first indicated in May 2022, when Tesla stopped taking orders for the vehicle from customers outside North America.[8]

Safety concerns

The Cybertruck's design has also received criticism from automotive safety groups, including the Australasian New Car Assessment Program and the Euro NCAP, for not conforming to standards for pedestrian and cyclist safety.[101] Particular concerns included the high stiffness of the "exoskeleton" exterior, potentially not providing crumple zones. The tall, flat front of the truck was thought to increase the severity of pedestrian leg injuries.[102]

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