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Gaziantep

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Gaziantep (informally, Antep, Kurdish: Dîlok) is the capital city of Gaziantep Province in Turkey. With a population of 853,512 in the year 2000, it is the sixth largest city of Turkey and it is the largest city in Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region. The city was known by the Arabs, Seljuks, and Ottomans as ʿAintab or Aïntab, in Turkish Ayintap. The Turkish Parliament gave the city the title Gazi ("victorious warrior") on February 8, 1921 (the day before the city surrendered to the French) in recognition of the valor of its inhabitants during the Turkish War of Independence, [1] and the city officially took the name Gaziantep ("Antep the Victorious Warrior") in 1921. [2]

History

Antiquity

Gaziantep is probably the site of the Hellenistic city of Antiochia ad Taurum ("Antiochia in the Taurus Mountains"). A few km to the north are the ruins of Greek and Roman Doliche (Turkish: Dülük).

Gaziantep is one of the most developed provinces of the region and is also one of the oldest, its history reaching as far back as the Hittites. Being the center of pistachio nut cultivation in Turkey and with its extensive olive groves and vineyards, Gaziantep is one of the important agricultural and industrial centres of Turkey.

In the center of the city stands the Gaziantep Fortress and the Ravanda citadel as the reminders of past. The Archaeological Museum, with its important collections from Neolithic and the Hittite ages as well as the Roman and Commagene times, attracts many visitors. The surroundings of the city are also full of valuable Hittite remains. The Hasan Süzer House, which has been restored to its original beauty, now houses the Ethnographical Museum. The Yesemek Sculpture Workshop, 30 kilometers south of the town of Islahiye, is one of the world's first of this kind. Some of the other historical remains are the Belkis (Zeugma), and Kargamış Ruins by the town of Nizip. Dülük, which is close to the city center, has camping facilities in a natural setting.

Ottoman period

In the Ottoman period, Aintab was in the eyalet of Aleppo (vilayet after 1864).

Demographics

According to the Ottoman census of 1543, the Aintab subdivision of the governorate-general of Aleppo contained fifteen tribes, all Turkmen. Much of the Aintab elite was also of Turkmen origin. There is no cadastral evidence of Kurdish tribes with administrative ties to Aintab officialdom. According to a recent study of the Aintab courts, this could partially be explained by the tributary status Kurds of the broader region had negotiated with the Ottomans.[3] In the same period, Aintab's demographic makeup stood out from the rest of Aleppo province or other surrounding provinces, since its non-Muslim population was relatively small and uniformly Armenian Christian, while the neighboring governorate-general of Dulkadir (Maraş) was approximately 4,5% non-Muslim and that of Diyarbakır was approximately 15 per cent. Aintab appears to have had no Jewish community, although a Jewish financier, most probably based in Aleppo, figured prominently in the city's economic and administrative life.

By the end of the 19th century, it had a population of about 45,000, 2/3 of which was Muslim, largely Yörük Turkmen of the Çapanoğlu clan.[4]

Of the Christians, there was a large Armenian community. The Gregorian Armenians suffered from the massacres of 1895, but the Armenian Protestants thrived, drawn by the American Mission Board's Central Turkey College.[5] There was a sizeable Armenian population in the city before World War I, but after the Armenian Genocide, there were almost no Armenians left. The remains of old Armenian churches may still be found, but they are mostly unmarked and in virtual ruins and that of Rumkale is an important tourist attraction.[6]

Its Kurdish population in 1990 was estimated as 13%.[7]

Economy

Gaziantep is famous for its regional specialties: the copper-ware products and "yemeni" slippers, specific to the region, are two examples. The city is an economical center of South Eastern and Eastern Turkey. The number of large industry businesses established in Gaziantep comprise four percent of the Turkish industry in general, and small industries comprise six percent. [8]

Culture

Gaziantep is well-known for its culinary specialties, which show Arabic, Assyrian, Armenian, and Kurdish, in addition to Turkish, influences. The festive food yuvalama (rice and meat rolled into pea-sized balls), the delicious lahmacun (also known as Turkish pizza) and baklava are some examples.

Education

Gaziantep Anatolian High School (founded in 1976) is a public school focusing on English language education.

Gaziantep Science High School is a public boarding high school in Gaziantep, Turkey with a curriculum concentrating on natural sciences and mathematics, and with teaching in Turkish and English.

The main campus of Gaziantep University is located 10 kilometers away from the city center. The institution acquired state university status in 1987, but had already offered higher education since 1973 as an extension campus of the Middle East Technical University.

Gaziantep was made famous in Greece by the Turkish TV serial "Yabanci Damat" 'The Foreign Groom', known in Greece as Τα σύνορα της Αγάπης 'The borders of Love', a love story between a Greek and a Turk.

Notable people from Gaziantep

Sister Cities

See also

References

  1. ^ Chronology of Atatürk's life and the Turkish War of Independence "1921 chronology" (in Turkish). Turkish Ministry of Culture. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |access date= (help)
  2. ^ TBMM "Records" (in Turkish). Turkish Grand National Assembly. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |access date= (help)
  3. ^ (limited preview) Leslie Peirce (2003). Morality Tales: Law and Gender in the Ottoman Court of Aintab ISBN 0520228901. University of California. p. 63-65 for the demographic data.
  4. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition s.v. Aintab
  5. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition s.v. Aintab, La Grande Encyclopédie
  6. ^ Saint Narses church in Rumkale "[[Patriarch Mesrob II Mutafyan of Constantinople|Mesrop II]] announces the opening for periodical visits of [[Saint Narses]] church in Rumkale" (in Turkish). Milliyet newspaper. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |access date= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  7. ^ Servet Mutlu, "Ethnic Kurds in Turkey: A Demographic Study", International Journal of Middle East Studies 28:4:517-541 (November 1996), p. 526.
  8. ^ Statistics "Statistics" (in Turkish). Gaziantep Chamber of Industry. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |access date= (help)

37°04′N 37°23′E / 37.067°N 37.383°E / 37.067; 37.383

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