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J/Z (New York City Subway service)

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"J train" redirects here. For the San Francisco streetcar line, see J Church.

"J" train symbol"Z" train symbol
Nassau Street Express
Map of the "J" train
Jamaica Center to Chambers Street or Broad Street
Rolling stockR160
R179[1][2]
(Rolling stock assignments subject to change)

The J Nassau Street Express and Z Nassau Street Express (earlier Jamaica Express) are two rapid transit services of the B Division of the New York City Subway. They are colored brown, since they use the BMT Nassau Street Line in Lower Manhattan. The J runs at all times, while the Z only operates during rush hours in the peak direction; both services use the entire BMT Archer Avenue Line and BMT Jamaica Line from Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer over the Williamsburg Bridge to Lower Manhattan. Rush hour service in the peak direction is express west of Myrtle Avenue, and the J and Z form a skip-stop pair east of Myrtle Avenue. During weekdays, the J and Z run to the southernmost station on the Nassau Street Line, Broad Street, but the J is cut back on weekends to Chambers Street. Broad Street and Fulton Street are thus the only two stations that are not served full-time.

Until 1976, the Jamaica Line (over Broadway west of East New York) was also served by the KK Broadway Brooklyn Local (K after 1973), which ran to 57th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line) via the Chrystie Street Connection after 1968. This was the successor to the original BMT Canarsie Line service, which ran full-time until the 14th Street–Eastern Line was completed to East New York in 1928.

History

Brooklyn-bound Z train of R160As at Essex Street
A Jamaica-bound J train of R160s enters the 104th Street station.

Before the Chrystie Street Connection

The Jamaica Line - then known as the Broadway Elevated - was one of the original elevated lines in Brooklyn, completed in 1893 from Cypress Hills west to Broadway Ferry in Williamsburg.[3] It was then a two-track line, with a single local service between the two ends, and a second east of Gates Avenue, where the Lexington Avenue Elevated merged.[4] This second service later became the 12, and was eliminated in 1950 with the abandonment of the Lexington Avenue el.

The second major service on the Broadway Elevated ran between Canarsie and Williamsburg via the BMT Canarsie Line, started on July 30, 1906 when the Broadway and Canarsie tracks were connected at East New York.[5] As part of the Dual Contracts, an extension from Cypress Hills east to Jamaica was completed on July 3, 1918,[6] a third express track was added west of East New York, and express trains began running in 1922.[citation needed]

The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation numbered its services in 1924,[citation needed] and the Canarsie and Jamaica services became 14 and 15. Both ran express during rush hours in the peak direction west of East New York, and additional 14 trains, between Eastern Parkway (now Broadway Junction) or Atlantic Avenue on the Canarsie Line and Manhattan provided rush-hour local service on Broadway.[7] When the 14th Street–Eastern Line and Canarsie Line were connected on July 14, 1928,[8] the old Canarsie Line service was renamed the Broadway (Brooklyn) Line, providing only weekday local service over the Broadway Elevated west of Eastern Parkway. The Atlantic Avenue trips remained, and rush-hour trains continued to serve Rockaway Parkway (Canarsie), though they did not use the Broadway express tracks.[9] The 14 was later cut back to only rush-hour service.[citation needed]

On the Manhattan end, the first extension was made on September 16, 1908, when the Williamsburg Bridge subway tracks opened.[10] Broadway and Canarsie trains were extended to the new Essex Street terminal, and further to Chambers Street when the line was extended on August 4, 1913.[11] When the BMT Nassau Street Line was completed on May 30, 1931, the 15 was extended to Broad Street,[12][13] and the 14 was truncated to Canal Street.[9] Some 14 trains began terminating at Crescent Street on the Jamaica Line in 1956.[citation needed]

Chambers Street Bound Train

Inbound morning rush hour skip-stop service between Jamaica and East New York was implemented on June 18, 1959.[14] Express 15 trains served "A" stations, while the morning 14 became the Jamaica Local, running between Jamaica and Canal Street, and stopped at stations marked "B".[15] These stations were as follows:[16]

Letters were assigned to most BMT services in the early 1960s. The 15 became the J (express) and JJ (local), and the 14 became the KK.[17]

Chrystie Street Connection to 1976

When the Chrystie Street Connection opened on November 26, 1967, many services were changed. The two local services - the JJ (non-rush hours) and KK (rush hours) - were combined as the JJ, but without any major routing changes. Thus non-rush hour JJ trains ran between Jamaica and Broad Street, while morning rush hour JJ trains ran to Canal Street, and afternoon rush hour JJ trains ran between Canal Street and Atlantic Avenue or Crescent Street. The rush-hour express J was combined with the weekday QT Brighton Local via tunnel to form the weekday QJ, running between Jamaica and Brighton Beach via the Jamaica Line (express during rush hours in the peak direction), BMT Nassau Street Line, Montague Street Tunnel, and BMT Brighton Line (local). Finally, the RJ was a special peak-direction rush-hour service, running fully local on the Jamaica Line, Nassau Street Line, Montague Street Tunnel, and BMT Fourth Avenue Line to 95th Street in Fort Hamilton. This was an extension of a former rush-hour RR service, and thus ran towards Jamaica in the morning and towards Fort Hamilton in the afternoon.[18]

The next change was made on July 1, 1968, when the Chrystie Street Connection tracks to the Williamsburg Bridge opened. The Jamaica Line portion of the rush-hour JJ was modified to become a new rush-hour KK, running between Jamaica (peak direction) or Eastern Parkway (both directions) and the new 57th Street station on the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The RJ was eliminated, being cut back to an RR variant, and the off-hour JJ was relabeled QJ (but not extended to Brighton Beach). At the same time, the existing skip-stop service was extended to afternoon Jamaica-bound trains, with those QJ trains running express west of Eastern Parkway and service "A" stations east to Jamaica, and those KK trains serving "B" stations. Less than two months later, on August 18, the QJ was extended to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue.[19][20]

These new services were slowly eliminated in the 1970s due to financial problems.[citation needed] First, on January 2, 1973, the QJ was cut back full-time to Broad Street and renamed the J; the M was extended to Coney Island in its place. At the same time, the KK was cut back to Eastern Parkway and renamed the K,[21] and both skip-stop patterns were carried out by alternate J trains.[citation needed] But that was not enough; the K was discontinued on August 30, 1976,[22] eliminating the J skip-stop and express service east of Myrtle Avenue. (One-way express service remained west of Myrtle Avenue, since the M was switched to the local tracks at that time.)[citation needed]

The following table summarizes the changes that were made between 1959 and 1976.

Morning rush-hour local Morning rush-hour express Afternoon rush-hour local Afternoon rush-hour express Other local Other service
1959-67 14/KK 168th Street - Canal Street, "B" stops inbound 15/J 168th Street - Broad Street, "A" stops inbound 14/KK Crescent Street, Atlantic Avenue, or Rockaway Parkway - Canal Street 15/J 168th Street - Broad Street 15/JJ 168th Street - Broad Street
1967-68 JJ 168th Street - Canal Street, "B" stops inbound QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach, "A" stops inbound JJ Crescent Street or Atlantic Avenue - Canal Street QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach JJ 168th Street - Broad Street
QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach, middays and early evenings 		RJ 168th Street - Brooklyn, rush hour non-peak direction only
1968-1973 KK 168th Street - 57th Street, "B" stops inbound QJ 168th Street - Brooklyn, "A" stops inbound KK 168th Street - 57th Street, "B" stops outbound QJ 168th Street - Brooklyn, "A" stops outbound QJ 168th Street - Broad Street or Brooklyn
1973-1976 K Eastern Parkway - 57th Street J 168th Street - Broad Street, two inbound patterns, one for "A" stops and one for "B" stops K Eastern Parkway - 57th Street J 168th Street - Broad Street, two outbound patterns, one for "A" stops and one for "B" stops J 168th Street - Broad Street

1976 to present

J train on Williamsburg Bridge

The J was truncated to Queens Boulevard just after midnight on September 11, 1977,[23] and to 121st Street on April 15, 1985,[citation needed] concurrent with the cutting-back of the Jamaica Line. The BMT Archer Avenue Line (subway section in Jamaica, Queens) opened on December 11, 1988, extending the line back east from 121st Street, and the present J/Z skip-stop pattern was implemented.[24]

In 1990, weekend service terminated at Canal Street, but was then extended back to Chambers Street in 1994.

From April 30 to September 1, 1999, the Williamsburg Bridge was closed for reconstruction. J trains ran only between Jamaica Center-Parsons Archer and Myrtle Avenue. J/Z skip-stop service was in both directions between Jamaica Center and Eastern Parkway-Broadway Junction.

After September 11, 2001, R service was suspended. J trains were extended beyond Broad Street via the BMT Montague Street Tunnel to replace the R to Bay Ridge-95th Street at all times except late nights, when it only ran to Broad Street and a shuttle ran in Brooklyn between 95th and 36th Streets. J/Z skip-stop service was suspended. During this time, the J was the longest local line in the system. Normal service on all three lines was restored on October 28.

As of 2008-2009, the Z train and the J/Z skip-stop service face elimination, and the J might resume making all local stops on the Jamaica Line. However, if the MTA receives government aid by March 2009, thus service cut may be avoided. It now known that this will be a permanent service cut.[25].

Stations

For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above. For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above.

Station service legend
Stops all times Stops all times
Stops all times except late nights Stops all times except late nights
Stops late nights only Stops late nights only
Stops weekdays during the day Stops weekdays during the day
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction
Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Time period details
Disabled access Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
Disabled access ↑ Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
in the indicated direction only
Disabled access ↓
Elevator access to mezzanine only
J service Z service Station Disabled access Subway transfers Connections
Queens
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer Disabled access E all times
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Sutphin Boulevard/Archer Avenue–JFK Airport Disabled access E all times AirTrain JFK
LIRR at Jamaica
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops rush hours in the peak direction only 121st Street Q10 bus to JFK Int'l Airport
Stops all times 111th Street
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops rush hours in the peak direction only 104th Street
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Woodhaven Boulevard
Stops all times 85th Street–Forest Parkway
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops rush hours in the peak direction only 75th Street
Brooklyn
Stops all times Cypress Hills
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Crescent Street
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Norwood Avenue
Stops all times Cleveland Street
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Van Siclen Avenue
Stops all times Alabama Avenue
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Broadway Junction A all times ​C all except late nights (IND Fulton Street Line)
L all times (BMT Canarsie Line) 		LIRR Atlantic Branch at East New York
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Chauncey Street
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Halsey Street
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Gates Avenue
Stops all times Kosciuszko Street
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Myrtle Avenue M all times B15 bus to JFK Airport
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Flushing Avenue Disabled access M all times except late nights B15 bus to JFK Airport
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Lorimer Street M all times except late nights
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction Hewes Street M all times except late nights
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Marcy Avenue Disabled access M all times except late nights
Manhattan
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Essex Street J all times ​Z rush hours, peak direction
F all times <F> two rush hour trains, peak direction​ (IND Sixth Avenue Line)
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Bowery J all times ​Z rush hours, peak direction
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Canal Street J all times ​Z rush hours, peak direction
4 late nights ​6 all times <6> weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
N all times ​Q all times ​R all except late nights ​W weekdays only (BMT Broadway Line)
Stops all times Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Chambers Street J all times ​Z rush hours, peak direction
4 all times ​5 all times except late nights ​6 all times <6> weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall)
Stops weekdays during the day Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Fulton Street J all times ​Z rush hours, peak direction
2 all times ​3 all except late nights (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
4 all times ​5 all except late nights (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
A all times ​C all except late nights (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
Stops weekdays during the day Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Broad Street J all times ​Z rush hours, peak direction

References

  1. ^ 'Subdivision 'B' Car Assignment Effective December 19, 2021'. New York City Transit, Operations Planning. December 17, 2021.
  2. ^ "Subdivision 'B' Car Assignments: Cars Required November 1, 2021" (PDF). The Bulletin. 64 (12). Electric Railroaders' Association: 3. December 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  3. ^ Template:Cite BDE
  4. ^ Template:Cite BDE
  5. ^ New York Times, The BRT Opens Its New Extension for Through Traffic, July 31, 1906, page 12
  6. ^ New York Times, New Subway Line, July 7, 1918, page 30
  7. ^ Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, Map and Guide to BMT Rapid Transit Division, 1924
  8. ^ New York Times, Celebrate Opening of New B. M. T. Line, July 15, 1928, page 13
  9. ^ a b Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, Map and Guide to BMT Rapid Transit Division, 1931
  10. ^ New York Times, Mayor Runs a Train Over New Bridge, September 17, 1908, page 16
  11. ^ New York Times, Bridge Loop to Open for One Line Only, August 3, 1913, page 6
  12. ^ New York Times, Nassau St. Service Outlined by B. M. T., May 21, 1931, page 29
  13. ^ New York Times, Mayor Drives Train in New Subway Link, May 30, 1931, page 11
  14. ^ New York Times, Jamaica BMT to Start Speed-Up Tomorrow, June 17, 1959
  15. ^ New York City Transit Authority, Official New York City Subway Map and Station Guide, 1959
  16. ^ New York City Transit Authority, Skip Stop on the BMT Jamaica Line, 1959
  17. ^ Joseph Cunningham and Leonard DeHart, A History of the New York City Subway System Part 2: Rapid Transit in Brooklyn, 1977
  18. ^ New York City Transit Authority, New York City Rapid Transit Map and Station Guide, 1967
  19. ^ New York City Transit Authority, Rapid Transit Service Changes, 1968
  20. ^ New York City Transit Authority, KK - a new service, 1968
  21. ^ New York Times, Subway Schedules in Queens Changing Amid Some Protest, January 2, 1973, page 46
  22. ^ New York Times, Transit Agency Drops 215 Runs, August 31, 1976, page 42
  23. ^ New York Times, A Sentimental Journey on the BMT..., September 9, 1977, page 61
  24. ^ New York Times, Big Changes for Subways are to Begin, December 9, 1988, page B1
  25. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/nyregion/19transit.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=w+train&st=nyt
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