Ecologist Party "The Greens"

The Ecologist Party "The Greens" (Portuguese: Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes", pronounced [pɐɾˈtidu ekuluˈʒiʃtɐ uʒ ˈveɾdɨʃ], or PEV) is a Portuguese green and eco-socialist party. It is a member of the European Greens and a founding member of the European Federation of Green Parties.

It was the first Portuguese ecologist party and since its foundation, in 1982, the PEV is closely related to the Portuguese Communist Party, and now (as of 2005), after participating allied with it in the Unitarian Democratic Coalition in several elections, the PEV holds many mandates in local assemblies and two seats in the Assembly of the Republic.

The Party's youth wing is the Ecolojovem. It edits a newspaper named Folha Verde and its headquarters are located in Lisbon.

History and general information

The Party was founded 1982, originally named Movimento Ecologista Português - Partido "Os Verdes", by a group of Portuguese citizens interested in the promotion of the ecologist movement in the Portuguese society and the support of the Portuguese Communist Party and including in its founders one of its members, Zita Seabra.

In the end of the 1970s, the World was facing new ecological problems, such as the greenhouse effect and the depletion of the ozone layer and the lack of awareness of this among the Portuguese society, along with the lack of an organized Ecologist movement led to the foundation of the Ecologist Party "The Greens" in order to put such problems in the political agenda.

The Party created regional groups right after its foundation, groups that never stopped growing since then. The growth of the Party throughout the country allowed many members to integrate the electoral lists of the CDU, some being elected to very different tasks. Currently (as of 2005), The PEV has several members elected in Municipal Assemblies and Parish Assemblies and two members elected in the Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese parliament). Those two members are Heloísa Apolónia and Francisco Madeira Lopes.

There is widespread criticism on its close ties to the Communist Party, given that PEV never applied to elections on its own, those criticisms going to the point of nicknaming PEV "The Watermelons - Greens Outside, Reds Inside". The fact is official positions of both parties in certain questions are quite different: for example, PCP supports nuclear energy, while PEV is against.

The PEV is also present in the National Electoral Commission and also in the National Council of Education.

The youth wing of the Party is the Ecolojovem, founded in 1989, which is a founding member of the Federation of Young European Greens.

The PEV edits a newspaper, the Folha Verde (Green Leaf), which received several press prizes for its unique design and style.

Electoral results

CDU results in the local election of 2005. (Azores and Madeira are not shown)

In elections, the PEV is closely allied with the Portuguese Communist Party, first in the Unitarian Democratic Coalition. This explains a nickname given to the Os Verdes by some: "melancias" (lit. watermelons): green outside, red inside.

Results in parliamentary elections

Results in Parliamentary Elections (year links to election page)
Year	Coalition	Type of Election	Voting	%	Mandates
1987	CDU	Portuguese Parliament	685,109	12.2%	31 (2)
1991	CDU	Portuguese Parliament	501,840	08.8%	17 (2)
1995	CDU	Portuguese Parliament	504,007	08.6%	15 (2)
1999	CDU	Portuguese Parliament	483,716	09.0%	17 (2)
2002	CDU	Portuguese Parliament	378,640	07.0%	12 (2)
2005	CDU	Portuguese Parliament	432,009	07.6%	14 (2)

(source: Portuguese Electoral Commission)

Note:

• In brackets is the number of MPs elected by the PEV in the total elected by CDU.
• In 1991 the overall number of MPs changed from the original 250 to 230.

Results in local elections

Results in Local Elections (year links to election page)
Year	Coalition	Type of Election	Voting	%	Mandates
1985	APU	Local	942,147	19.4%	305
1989	CDU	Local	633,682	12.8%	252
1993	CDU	Local	689,928	12.8%	246
1997	CDU	Local	643,956	12.0%	236
2001	CDU	Local	557,481	10.6%	202
2005	CDU	Local	590,496	11.0%	203

(source: Portuguese Electoral Commission)

Results in European Parliament elections

Results in European Elections (year links to election page)
Year	Coalition	Type of Election	Voting	%	Mandates
1987	CDU	European Parliament	646,640	11.5%	3
1989	CDU	European Parliament	594,961	14.4%	4
1994	CDU	European Parliament	339,283	11.2%	3
1999	CDU	European Parliament	357,575	10.3%	2
2004	CDU	European Parliament	309,406	09.1%	2

(source: Portuguese Electoral Commission)

Note:

• In 2004, after the enlargement of the European Union, the number of MEPs elected by Portugal decreased from the original 25 to 24.

References

• "Historial". Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes". Retrieved 2006-01-29.
• "CNE Resultados". Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Retrieved 2006-01-29.

See also

• Green party
• Green politics
• Politics of Portugal
• List of environmental organizations
• List of political parties in Portugal
• Unitarian Democratic Coalition

External links

• Official web site Template:Pt icon
• Info on EFGP site Template:En icon
• PEV website in the Lisbon Municipal Assembly Template:Pt icon