St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)

St. John's College

File:Seal of St John Annapolis.png
Motto	Facio liberos ex liberis libris libraque (I make free men from children by means of books and a balance)
Type	Private
Established	1696, King William's School 1784, St. John's College 1964, Santa Fe campus
President	Christopher Nelson, Annapolis Michael Peters, Santa Fe
Dean	Michael Dink, Annapolis Victoria Mora, Santa Fe
Academic staff	~164 total (both campuses)
Undergraduates	450-475 per campus
Postgraduates	~160
Location	Annapolis, Maryland , USA
Campus	Annapolis: Urban Santa Fe: Urban / Semi-rural
Athletics	Croquet, Fencing, Crew, Sailing, Intramurals, Search and Rescue
Mascot	None (Platypus / Book)
Website	http://www.stjohnscollege.edu/

St. John's College is a liberal arts college with two U.S. campuses: one in Annapolis, Maryland and one in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Founded in 1696 as a preparatory school, King William's School, the school received a collegiate charter in 1784, making it one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States. Since 1937, it has followed an unusual curriculum, the Great Books Program, based on discussion of works from the Western philosophic, scientific and literary canon; this program is probably what the school is best known for.

The school grants only one bachelor's degree, in Liberal Arts. Two masters degrees are currently available through the college's Graduate Institute—one in Liberal Arts, which is a modified version of the undergraduate curriculum (differing mostly in that the graduate students do not take a language and are not restricted to a set sequence of courses), and a parallel course of studies in Eastern Classics, which applies most of the features of the undergraduate curriculum (seminars, preceptorials, language study and a set sequence of courses) to a list of classic works from India, China and Japan.

Despite its name, and the inclusion of Christian sacred texts and philosophers in its program, St. John's College has no religious affiliation.

The Great Books program

The Great Books program (often called simply "the Program" or "the New Program" at St. John's) was developed at the University of Chicago by Stringfellow Barr, Scott Buchanan, Robert Hutchins, and Mortimer Adler in the mid-1930s as an alternative form of education to the then rapidly changing undergraduate curriculum. St. John's adopted the Great Books program in 1937, when the college was facing the possibility of financial and academic ruin. The Great Books program in use today was also influenced by Jacob Klein, who was dean of the college in the 1940s and 1950s.

The four-year program of study, nearly all of which is mandatory, demands that students read and discuss the works of many of Western civilization's most prominent contributors to philosophy, theology, mathematics, science, music, poetry, and literature, such as Aristotle, Shakespeare, Descartes, and Einstein. In line with the views of the program's founders—who complained of "vocational interests" that "clutter" other colleges' curricula—"Johnnies", as St. John's students style themselves, usually value intellectual pursuits for their own sake, regardless of whether they have practical application. Tutorials (mathematics, language, and music), as well as Seminar and Laboratory, are discussion-based. In the Mathematics tutorial students often demonstrate propositions that mathematicians throughout various ages have laid out. In the Language tutorial student translations are presented (Ancient Greek is studied in the first two years and French for the last two). The tutorials, with Seminar and Laboratory, constitute the "classes". All classes, and in particular the Seminar, are considered formal exercises; consequently, students address one another, as well as their teachers, only by their last names during class.

Unlike mainstream U.S. colleges, St. John's avoids modern textbooks, lectures, and examinations. Instead of textbooks, in addition to primary materials, the college relies on a series of manuals. While traditional (A through F) grades are given, the culture of the school deemphasizes their importance and grades are released only at the request of the student. Grading is based largely on class participation and papers. Tutors, as faculty members are called at the College, play a non-directive role in the classroom, compared to mainstream colleges. However, at St. John's this does vary somewhat by course and instructor.

Class size is small on both campuses, with a student to tutor ratio of 1:8. Seminar is the largest class, with around 20 students, but led by two tutors. Daytime tutorials are smaller, typically ranging between 12 to 16 students and are led by one tutor. Preceptorials are the smallest class size, ranging between 3 and 9 students.

The Great Books program inspired the Integral Program at Saint Mary's College of California.

The Graduate Institute Liberal Arts Program

The Graduate Institute in Liberal Education was established at St. John's College in 1967 as a summer program on the Santa Fe campus. The size and scope of the Institute have expanded so that currently both the Annapolis and Santa Fe campuses offer year-round graduate-level study based on the principles of the St. John's undergraduate program. Students in the Liberal Arts Program explore the persisting questions of human existence by studying classic works of the western tradition. This program is organized into five semester-long thematic segments: Philosophy and Theology, Politics and Society, Literature, Mathematics and Natural Science, and History. Students earn a Master of Arts in Liberal Arts (M.A.L.A) by completing four of these five segments. A common curriculum provides the basis for a shared intellectual community; discussion with fellow students and faculty is the mode of learning both inside and outside the classroom. Each semester, students attend a seminar, a tutorial and a preceptorial—all carried out as small-group discussions under the guidance of St. John's faculty members. These three types of classes are the framework of the distinctive St. John's educational experience.

The Eastern Classics Program

At the Santa Fe campus, there is a program offering a Master of Arts in Eastern Classics (M.A.E.C.). This program is three semesters long and is designed to be completed in one 12-month period. The impetus for the program came with the recognition that the undergraduate program simply could not do justice to the Great Books of the three main Asian traditions (India, China and Japan) by trying to squeeze in a few works among so many European masterworks. The EC program therefore provides a full set of readings in the philosophical, religious and literary traditions of the three cultures listed above. Thus, students learn Chinese culture by reading not only Confucius, Laozi and Zhuangzi, but also Mencius, Xun Zi, Han Feizi, and Mozi, as well as historical narratives by Sima Qian and the Zuo Zhuan, the later movement of Neo-Confucianism and Zhu Xi, narrative works such as Journey to the West or the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the great Chinese poets, Li Bai, Wang Wei and Du Fu. This list represents only one-third of the required corpus, which also covers the major teachings and branches of Hinduism and the development of Theravada, Mahayana and Zen Buddhism, as well as the such literary masterpieces as the Mahabharata, Shakuntala, The Tale of Genji, The Narrow Road to the Deep North and others. Students also take a language, either Sanskrit or Classical Chinese.

History

File:Stringfellow Barr.jpg

Stringfellow Barr, a co-founder of the new program, was a constant supporter.

St. John's College was founded as King William's School in 1696. In 1784, Maryland granted a charter to St. John's College, into which the original preparatory school merged. The college took up residence in a building known as Bladen's Folly (the current McDowell Hall), which was originally built to be the Maryland governor's mansion, but was not completed. There was some association with the Freemasons early in the college's history, leading to speculation that it was named after Saint John the Evangelist, the favoured saint of Freemasons. The College's original charter, reflecting the Masonic value of religious tolerance as well as the religious diversity of the founders (they included both Presbyterians and Episcopalians), stated that "youth of all religious denominations shall be freely and liberally admitted."

The College curriculum has taken various forms throughout its history. Although it began with a general program of study in the liberal arts, St. John's was a military school for much of the 19th century. In contrast to Washington and Lee University, a contemporary institution, the College always maintained a small size, generally enrolling fewer than 500 men at a time.

In 1936, the College lost its accreditation. The Board of Visitors and Governors, faced with dire financial straits caused by the Great Depression, invited educational innovators Stringfellow Barr and Scott Buchanan to make a completely fresh start. They introduced a new program of study, which remains in effect today. Buchanan became dean of the College, while Barr assumed its presidency.

In his guide Cool Colleges, Donald Asher writes that the New Program was implemented to save the college from closing: "Several benefactors convinced the college to reject a watered-down curriculum in favor of becoming a very distinctive academic community. Thus this great institution was reborn as a survival measure."

In 1938, Walter Lippman wrote a column praising liberal arts education as a bulwark against fascism, and said "in the future, men will point to St. John’s College and say that there was the seed-bed of the American renaissance."

In 1940, national attention was attracted to St. John's by a story in Life entitled "The Classics: At St. John's They Come into Their Own Once More".

Classic works unavailable in English translation were translated by faculty members, typed, mimeographed, and bound. They were sold to the general public as well as to students, and by 1941 the St. John's College bookshop was famous as the only source for English translations of works such as Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, St. Augustine's De Musica, and Ptolemy's Almagest.

The wartime years were difficult for the all-male St. John's. Enlistment and the draft all but emptied the college; 15 seniors graduated in 1943, eight in 1945, and three in 1946.

From 1940 to 1946, St. John's was repeatedly confronted with threats of its land being seized by the Navy for expansion of the neighboring Naval Academy, and James Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy, formally announced plans to do so in 1945. At the time, The New York Times, which had expected a legal battle royal comparable to the Dartmouth case, commented that "although a small college of fewer than 200 students, St. John's has, because of its experimental liberal arts program, received more publicity and been the center of a greater academic controversy than most other colleges in the land. Its best-books program has been attacked and praised by leading educators of the day."

The constant threat of eviction discouraged Stringfellow Barr. In late 1946 Forrestal withdrew the plan, in the face of public opposition and the disapproval of the House Naval Affairs Committee, but Barr and Scott Buchanan were already committed to leaving St. John's and launching a new, similar college in Stockbridge, Massachusetts; that project eventually failed—but thinking about other sites for the college eventually led to the opening of St. John's second campus, in Santa Fe, in 1964.

In 1948, St. John's became the first previously all-white college south of the Mason-Dixon line to voluntarily admit African American students. The movement to desegregate the College was wholly internal, beginning with students who, with the support of the faculty and administration, persuaded a reluctant Board of Visitors and Governors to go along. The first African American student was Martin A. Dyer, from Baltimore, who graduated in 1952.

In 1949, Richard D. Weigle became president of St. John's. Following the chaotic and difficult period from 1940 to 1949, Weigle's presidency continued for 31 years, during which the New Program and the college itself became well established.

In 1951, St. John's became coeducational, admitting women for the first time in its then-254-year history. There was some objection from students because they had not been involved in—nor even aware of—the decision before it was announced to the media, and from some who believed that the college could not remain a serious institution were it to admit women. But Martin Dyer reports that the women who were admitted were an extraordinary group, quickly proving that they were the academic and intellectual equals of their male counterparts.

As enrollment grew during the 1950s, and facing the coming larger baby-boom generation, thoughts turned again towards opening another campus—but this time in addition to, not instead of, the one in Annapolis. Serious talk of expansion began in 1959 when the father of a student from Monterey, California, suggested to President Weigle that he establish a new campus there. Time (magazine) ran an article on the college's possible expansion plans, and, in addition to California, 32 offers came in to the college, from New Hampshire, Oregon, Georgia, Alaska, Florida, Connecticut, and more.

A group from the Monterey Peninsula told Weigle that they were definitely interested, though funding was a problem, and suitable land was a big question. There was also an offer of land in Claremont, California, but competition with the other colleges there for students and financial contributions was a negative. The Riverside Mission Inn (in Riverside, California) was another possibility, but with only 5 acres (20,000 m²) of land and lots of renovations needed to the inn, funding was again a major question. A negative factor for California in general was the cost of living for faculty.

Nevertheless all three of these locations were major contenders, when Robert McKinney (publisher of The Santa Fe New Mexican and a former SJC board member) called and told Weigle that a group of city leaders had long been looking for another college for Santa Fe. At a lunch Weigle attended at John Gaw Meem's house on the outskirts of Santa Fe in late January 1961, Meem volunteered that he had a little piece of land (214 acres) that he would gladly donate to the college. Upon looking at it after lunch, Weigle instantly fell in love with it. A committee of four faculty members (Robert Bart, Barbara Leonard, Douglas Allanbrook, and William Darkey) went to visit all four sites (the three in California, and Santa Fe) and, after much deliberation, also recommended Santa Fe.

Western mystery writer Tony Hillerman tells a slightly different story: The site selection committee, having originally expected to locate in Claremont, California, reluctantly accepted an invitation to inspect the site in Santa Fe. Hillerman spins a tale of the committeemen:

made pale from the weak sun of the coastal climate and their scholarly profession, generally urban, generally Eastern, solidly W.A.S.P. They came from a world which was old Anglo-Saxon family, old books, Greek and Latin literacy, prep schools and Blue Point oysters and Ivy League; a world bounded on the north by Boston... and on the south by Virginia. According to Hillerman, the Eastern scholars became captivated by the Sangre de Cristo range and the presence of mule deer tracks.

In 1961, the governing board of St. John's thus approved plans to establish a second college at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Groundbreaking occurred on April 22, 1963, and the first classes began in 1964.

As it turned out, land was also donated to the college on the Monterey Peninsula in California shortly after this, on condition that a campus also be developed there by a certain date. It eventually became apparent that opening yet a third campus in close succession to the second would stretch the college's resources too far, however.

Ptolemy Stone

Both campuses have a Ptolemy Stone, an astronomical instrument invented by the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy to measure the altitude of celestial bodies, in this case, the sun. The St. John's Ptolemy Stones are outdoor, rectangular, prismical concrete columns with a movable metal dial affixed; this device was the precursor to the sextant. Freshman and sophomore math classes learn to use this stone to calculate the apparent movement of the sun across the ecliptic. The students' use of the Ptolemy Stones underscores the mathematics and laboratory programs' connection to the practical experimentation and hands-on experience of the natural world.

Annapolis campus

McDowell hall at St. John's is a major landmark in Annapolis.

St. John's is located in the Historic Annapolis district, one block away from the Maryland State Capitol building. Its proximity to the United States Naval Academy has inspired many a comparison to Athens and Sparta. The schools carry on a spirited rivalry seen in the annual croquet match between the two schools on the front lawn of St. John's, which has been called by GQ "the purest intercollegiate athletic event in America." St. John's has won 22 out of the last 27 matches.

Construction of McDowell Hall at the center of campus, was begun in 1742 by Provincial Governor of Maryland Thomas Bladen, but was not completed until after the end of the Colonial period. Its Great Hall has seen many college events, from balls feting Generals Lafayette and Washington to the unique St. John's institutions called waltz parties. Despite their name, waltz parties have gradually evolved to consist mostly of swing dancing, though waltz, polka, and even some tango are still played. Champagne and strawberries have been known to be served, and it is not uncommon for students, especially the women, to dress in formal evening ballroom attire.

The Annapolis campus is also home to The Gadfly, a weekly newspaper.

Santa Fe campus

File:Weigle.jpg

Weigle Hall (behind the pond) was named after Richard D. Weigle, who was president of St. John's during the construction of the new campus in Santa Fe and became president of both campuses at once. Since his retirement in 1980, each campus has had its own president.

St. John's Santa Fe campus is located at the foot of Monte Sol, on the eastern edge of Santa Fe. It was opened in 1964 due to the increase in qualified applicants at the Annapolis campus. The College chose to open a second campus rather than increase the size of the Annapolis campus. The second campus was part of a larger project, championed by then-college president Richard Weigle, which called for six campuses to be built across the country. St. John's abandoned the concept when it later sold a tract of land it owned in Monterey, California.

The Santa Fe campus offers students a more secluded atmosphere than the Annapolis campus, with the vast Pecos Wilderness and Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The campus also boasts an expansive view of Santa Fe that extends to Los Alamos to the west.

The college maintains gear to facilitate student use of the outdoors, such as kayaks, rafts, hiking equipment, and sports equipment. In addition, the college Search and Rescue team is recognized throughout the Southwest, participating in a wide variety of rescue missions in conjunction with the New Mexico State Police and other volunteer teams.

Curriculum overview

File:Stjohnschair.jpg

The Johnnie Chair (a wooden chair with wicker seat), used at both campuses by all students and tutors, is a somewhat iconic figure at the college.

The program involves:

• Four years of literature, philosophy, and political science in seminar
• Four years of mathematics
• Three years of laboratory science
• Four years of language (Ancient Greek, Middle/Early English, and French)
• Freshman year chorus followed by sophomore year music

The Great Books are not the only texts used at St. John's. Greek and French classes make use of supplemental materials that are more like traditional textbooks. Science laboratory courses and mathematics courses use manuals prepared by faculty members that combine source materials with workbook exercises. For example, the mathematics tutorial combines a 1905 paper by Albert Einstein with exercises that require the student to work through the mathematics used in the paper.

Nevertheless, the emphasis on source materials is strong; all seminar readings are from the book list, and music is studied from scores that are primary sources.

The only elective courses are brief "preceptorials" offered in the winter of the junior and senior years. The options for these classes change each year, and often include courses on topics not covered in the Great Books program, including works by authors beyond the Great Books list, such as Gabriel García Márquez and Wallace Stevens.

No written tests are given, apart from occasional quizzes in language tutorials, an algebra test to be passed by the middle of sophomore year, and a music quiz to be passed by second semester of freshman year. Students are evaluated based on class participation and papers. In the seminar, an oral "examination" is also given each semester. The oral is a discussion with the tutor or tutors intended to show that the student has read and understood the material covered; it also allows the student to clarify aspects of the seminar essay and, it is hoped, to continue developing the essay's ideas. In-term written assignments for the tutorials consist of occasional short (usually fewer than 10 pages) papers. Longer papers are required for seminars. On the Santa Fe campus students must write a seminar paper every semester. The essay for the spring semester is a longer paper (although comparable in length to normal semester papers at other colleges), and is awarded a separate grade on the transcript. Students in Annapolis write a single longer (20-30 pages) essay at the end of each year. Papers for tutorials and seminars are not research papers, but instead emphasize a student's ability to address a significant question related to a work, idea or theory from that course. The required papers are not comparable to typical research papers required at other colleges. Of particular importance is the sophomore annual essay, which plays a prominent role in the college's enabling process, i.e., the formal decision to allow a student to continue into the final two years. In their senior year, students must also write and defend a full-length "thesis" (Senior Essay), which is an extended critical piece on any topic from the four-year curriculum; as with all other papers throughout the program, the use of secondary texts is not required or even expected. Defense of this Senior Essay is open to the public, with the student engaging in discussion of his or her essay with a panel of three tutors.

The Don Rag

While the school does not release grades to students (except upon direct request), there is an evaluation system. At the end of every semester at St. John's, each student comes together with his or her tutors to be evaluated on his or her academic performance. This exercise is called a Don Rag.

Don Rags begin with each tutor discussing the present student's performance in the third person to the other tutors. The discussion takes place as if the student were not there. After this, the student is asked if he or she has anything to add, at which point the student may discuss his or her own performance in light of the tutors' comments, although he or she is not required to do so.

For the first semester of junior year, students may elect to have a Conference (instead of a Don Rag), in which the students first report on their progress and then hear responses from their tutors.

The regular Don Rag format continues for the student's last Don Rag, which is at the end of junior year.

The term Don Rag comes from Oxford, where professors ("dons") would "rag" on their students.

Sophomore Enabling and Committee

At the end of the sophomore year, tutors give a higher level of scrutiny to the student in the Don Rag. The tutors formally ask themselves and each other whether the student should remain at the college in light of current performance. This question is largely independent of the student's grades however, and is more subjective than other Don Rags. Any of the tutors present at the final Sophomore Don Rag may object to the student remaining at St. John's. Any objection begins the process of an evaluation by the faculty disciplinary committee ("the Committee") as to whether the student should be allowed to remain at St. John's.

The Committee is closed to all but faculty—even to the student whose matriculation is in jeopardy. The Committee consists of a panel of Tutors and the administration who are appointed for the year to handle disciplinary matters. At the end of the year the Committee is convened to evaluate each student presented, hearing testimony from Tutors who have taught that student over the past two years. The Committee makes a decision to either "enable" the student, allowing them to continue into the junior year, or to not do so, ejecting them from the student body. Appeals are allowed to students who have not been enabled, and if successful, the student in question is allowed to continue without interruption at St. John's.

While specific numbers are not available, generally between 5% and 10% of the sophomore class are referred to the Committee, with some smaller portion not attaining enablement. These students are allowed to reapply to the school to continue into their junior year after a period of one year, but readmission is not guaranteed and few bother to reapply.

Curriculum details

The Great Books

Although it varies from year to year and differs slightly between campuses, the Great Books reading list is the basis of the school's curriculum. The 2007 Annapolis list is as follows:

Freshman year

• Homer: Iliad, Odyssey
• Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, The Eumenides
• Sophocles: Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, Philoctetes
• Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War
• Euripides: Hippolytus, The Bacchae
• Herodotus: Histories
• Aristophanes: Clouds, Birds
• Plato: Meno, Gorgias, Republic, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Symposium, Parmenides, Theaetetus, Sophist, Timaeus, Phaedrus
• Aristotle: Poetics, Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics, On Generation and Corruption, Politics, De Anima, Parts of Animals, Generation of Animals
• Euclid: Elements
• Plutarch: Lycurgus, Solon
• Antoine Lavoisier: Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elements of Chemistry)
• William Harvey: Motion of the Heart and Blood
• Essays by: Theophrastus, Galen, Archimedes, Blaise Pascal, Gabriel Fahrenheit, Amedeo Avogadro, Joseph Black, John Dalton, Cannizzaro, Virchow, Edme Mariotte, Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Hans Spemann, Stearns, J. J. Thomson, Dmitri Mendeleev, Berthollet, Joseph Proust

Sophomore year

• The Bible
• Aristotle: On Interpretation, Prior Analytics, Categories
• Apollonius: Conics
• Virgil: Aeneid
• Plutarch: Caesar and Cato the Younger
• Epictetus: Discourses, Manual
• Tacitus: Annals
• Ptolemy: Almagest
• Plotinus: The Enneads
• Lucretius: On the Nature of Things
• Augustine of Hippo: Confessions
• Anselm of Canterbury: Proslogion
• Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologiae, Summa Contra Gentiles
• Dante: Divine Comedy
• Geoffrey Chaucer: Canterbury Tales
• Josquin Des Prez: Mass
• Niccolò Machiavelli: The Prince, Discourses on Livy
• Nicolaus Copernicus: On the Revolutions of the Spheres
• Martin Luther: On the Freedom of a Christian
• François Rabelais: Gargantua and Pantagruel
• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: Missa Papae Marcelli
• Michel de Montaigne: Essays
• François Viète: Introduction to the Analytical Art
• Francis Bacon: Novum Organum, New Atlantis
• William Shakespeare: Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, The Tempest, As You Like It, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Coriolanus, Sonnets
• Poems by: Andrew Marvell, John Donne, and other 16th- and 17th-century poets
• René Descartes: Geometry, Discourse on Method
• Blaise Pascal: Generation of Conic Sections
• Johann Sebastian Bach: St. Matthew Passion, Inventions
• Joseph Haydn: Quartets
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Operas
• Ludwig van Beethoven: Sonatas
• Franz Schubert: Songs
• Igor Stravinsky: Symphony of Psalms

Junior year

• Miguel de Cervantes: Don Quixote
• Galileo Galilei: Dialogues on Two New Sciences
• René Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy, Rules for the Direction of the Mind
• John Milton: Paradise Lost
• François de La Rochefoucauld: Maximes
• Jean de La Fontaine: Fables
• Blaise Pascal: Pensées
• Christiaan Huygens: Treatise on Light, On the Movement of Bodies by Impact
• George Eliot: Middlemarch
• Baruch Spinoza: Theologico-Political Treatise
• John Locke: Second Treatise of Government
• Jean Racine: Phèdre
• Isaac Newton: Principia Mathematica
• Johannes Kepler: Epitome IV
• Gottfried Leibniz: Monadology, Discourse on Metaphysics, Essay on Dynamics, Philosophical Essays, Principles of Nature and Grace
• Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels
• David Hume: A Treatise of Human Nature
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Social Contract, Discourse on Origins of Inequality
• Molière: The Misanthrope
• Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations
• Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Metaphysics of Morals
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Don Giovanni
• Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice
• Richard Dedekind: Essay on the Theory of Numbers
• Leonhard Euler
• The Declaration of Independence
• Articles of Confederation
• The Constitution of the United States of America
• The Federalist Papers

Senior year

• Supreme Court opinions
• Charles Darwin: The Origin of Species
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Phenomenology of Mind, "Logic" (from the Encyclopedia)
• Albert Einstein: "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", "Relativity: The Special and General Theory"
• Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky: Theory of Parallels
• Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy in America
• Abraham Lincoln: Selected Speeches
• Søren Kierkegaard: Philosophical Fragments, Fear and Trembling
• Karl Marx: Capital, Political and Economic Manuscripts of 1844, The German Ideology
• Fyodor Dostoevsky: The Brothers Karamazov
• Leo Tolstoy: War and Peace
• Herman Melville: Benito Cereno
• Mark Twain: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
• Flannery O'Connor: Parker's Back, The Artificial Nigger
• Sigmund Freud: General Introduction to Psychoanalysis
• Booker T. Washington: Selected Writings
• W. E. B. Du Bois: The Souls of Black Folk
• Martin Heidegger: What is Philosophy?
• Werner Heisenberg: The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory
• Robert Millikan: The Electron
• Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness
• Essays by: Michael Faraday, J. J. Thomson, Gregor Mendel, Hermann Minkowski, Ernest Rutherford, Clinton Davisson, Erwin Schrödinger, Niels Bohr, James Clerk Maxwell, Louis-Victor de Broglie, Dreisch, Hans Christian Ørsted, André-Marie Ampère, Theodor Boveri, Walter Sutton, Morgan, Beadle and Tatum, Gerald Jay Sussman, Watson and Crick, Jacob & Monod, G. H. Hardy

Student body

As of the 2005 class, 35 U.S. states are represented in Annapolis and 32 in Santa Fe; there are also several students from foreign countries. Approximately 65% of students receive financial aid. The student body is relatively small compared to other liberal arts colleges, with a population historically below 500 students on each campus during a year. The college is making efforts to increase awareness of its unique program of study, and offer many community seminars and lectures that are available to the public.

Ranking and reputation

In 1975, a St. John's graduate gave this description of how a St. John's degree was received by other institutions:

Bernard M. Davidoff, M. D., a graduate of St. John's in 1969 and of Columbia Medical School... said the medical schools to which he applied reacted to his unconventional preparation in two ways. "Those who had not heard of St. John's were not impressed. Those who knew of the college generally waived requirements." Like most St. John's alumni who enter medical school, he took an undergraduate course in organic chemistry at another college. Dr. Davidoff... cited only one difficulty in adapting to medical school. "I didn't have any interesting people to talk to," he recalled.

Motivational business speaker Zig Ziglar included a chapter entitled "St. John's: A College That Works" in a 1997 book. He said St. John's holds fast to the "medieval" notion that all knowledge is one and states that "the books they use are terribly hard." He notes that the school "ranks fifth nationally in the number of graduates earning doctorates in the humanities" and is impressed by the 81% of graduates entering education, engineering, law, medicine, and other professions. He concludes "Sounds like St. John's is onto something. Maybe more schools should take that approach."

According to a study published by the Higher Education Data Sharing Consortium, based on data from 1992 through 2001, St. John's ranked first nationally in percentage of graduates attaining doctorates in both Humanities and English literature. In addition, the college ranked among the top ten institutions in political science, linguistics, foreign languages, area and ethnic studies, and math and computer sciences.

St. John's runs counter to the usual emphasis on rankings and selectivity. As of 2005, St. John's college has chosen not to participate in any collegiate rankings surveys, and has not sent them their requested survey information. However, the school is still included in the influential U.S. News college ranking guide. President Christopher B. Nelson states that "In principle, St. John's is opposed to rankings." He notes:

Over the years, St. John's College has been ranked everywhere from third, second, and first tier, to one of the "Top 25" liberal arts colleges. Yet, the curious thing is: We haven't changed. Our mission and our methods have been virtually constant for almost 60 years. So when it comes to the U.S. News and World Report rankings, we would rather be ourselves and have our college speak for itself, than be subjected to fluctuating outside analysis.

An educational reporter wrote:

Unlike many top-flight liberal arts colleges, St. John's isn't all that hard to get into: The school accepts 75 to 80 percent of applicants, primarily based on three written essays and, to a certain extent, grades. There is no application fee, and standardized tests, like the Scholastic Assessment Test, are optional. About three-quarters of the enrolled students ranked in the top half of their high school class, but only one fifth graduated in the top tenth. School officials said that's because they're less concerned that the applicant show a body of accumulated knowledge than a true desire for attaining it.

Princeton Review's list of the twenty colleges with the "happiest students" includes both St. John's campuses, the Santa Fe campus ranking seventh and the Annapolis campus ranking seventeenth. In the 2005 edition of the Princeton Review Guide entitled "The Best 357 Colleges", St. John's College (Santa Fe) received the following rankings:

• No. 1 in the nation for "accessibility of teachers".
• No. 1 in the nation for "best class discussion".
• No. 4 in the nation for "best overall quality of life".
• No. 4 in the nation for "best overall academic experience".
• No. 6 in the nation for "best teachers".
• No. 6 in the nation for "best dorms".

St. John's College is listed in Loren Pope's Colleges That Change Lives.

Notable people associated with St. John's

• Douglas Allanbrook, tutor, musician and composer.
• Eva Brann, tutor, dean; 2005 recipient of the National Humanities Medal.
• Christian Burks, President and CEO of Ontario Genomics Institute.
• James M. Cain, novelist; was professor of journalism at St. John's from 1923 to 1924. Later famous for hard-boiled noir novels such as The Postman Always Rings Twice.
• Elliott Carter, composer; tutor from 1939 to 1941.
• Charles Van Doren alumnus of Annapolis, infamous for involvement in the rigged game show Twenty-One.
• Clement Dorsey, Congressman for Maryland's 1st congressional district, 1825-1831.
• Ahmet Ertegün; alumnus, founded Atlantic Records in 1947, 1923-2006.
• Hillary Fields, alumna; romance novelist; won the Pushcart Prize for a short story in 1998.
• Erik Fisher, Daniel Littleton, and Colin Meeder, musicians; members of seminal emo band The Hated.
• Robert A George, alumnus and newspaper columnist.
• Jac Holzman founded Elektra Records in 1950 while a student at St. John's.
• Alexander Contee Hanson (Class of 1802), Congressman for Maryland's 3rd District, 1813-1816.
• Emerson Harrington, former Governor of Maryland
• Leon Kass, tutor at the college 1972–1976, chair of the President's Council on Bioethics 2002-2006
• Samuel Kutler, tutor and mathematician.
• John Leeds Kerr, Congressman for Maryland's 7th District
• Francis Scott Key, alumnus; lyricist of the United States national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner.
• Jacob Klein, tutor, dean; author of Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra and Commentary on Plato's Meno; leading 20th-century Platonist.
• William John Kowalski III, alumnus, author of four novels: Eddie’s Bastard (1999); Somewhere South of Here (2001); The Adventures of Flash Jackson (2003); and The Good Neighbor (2004), all published in the U.S. by HarperCollins and in the U.K. by Transworld/Doubleday/Black Swan.
• Kenneth Kronberg, 1968, printing company owner, LaRouche movement member.
• Tony Lagouranis, activist and author of Fear Up Harsh: An Army Interrogator's Dark Journey through Iraq
• Jeremy Leven, alumnus, author, screenwriter and director whose works include Don Juan DeMarco
• Paul Mellon, KBE (1907-1999), honorary alumnus, philanthropist, patron of the arts, thoroughbred racehorse owner and breeder
• Buddy Mondlock, alumnus; singer-songwriter; collaborated with Art Garfunkel, Janis Ian and many others.
• Duncan North, alumnus, screenwriter (The Tao of Steve).
• Tom G. Palmer, alumnus; Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute.
• Gerald Peters, real-estate developer and owner of galleries in Santa Fe, NM. Twenty-fifth–richest man in New Mexico in October 1996.
• William Pinkney (1764–1822), alumnus; 7th Attorney General of the United States
• Joe Sachs, tutor, translator of many of the works of Plato, Aristotle and others.
• Salvatore Scibona, alumnus and author, 2008 National Book Award finallist for his first novel The End (Graywolf Press (HB); Riverhead Books(PB)) and whose fiction has appeared in many literary journals.
• Lisa Simeone, host, National Public Radio.
• Warren Spector, former Co-COO of Bear Stearns.
• Louis Leo Snyder, German scholar and historian, alumnus, 1907-1993.
• Leo Strauss, political philosopher; lectured at St. John's and was the Scott Buchanan Distinguished Scholar in Residence at the Annapolis campus.
• Jeremy Tarcher, alumnus and publisher.
• Francis Thomas, Governor of Maryland, 1842-1844; member of House of Representatives, 1861-1869.
• Arthur C. Tuttle, Korean War veteran.
• N. D. Wilson, alumnus and author
• Warren Winiarski, founder of Stag's Leap Wine Cellars.
• John C. Wright, alumnus and author
• Glenn Yarbrough, original lead tenor of The Limeliters.
• Lee David Zlotoff, alumnus, creator of MacGyver., also associated with Hill Street Blues and Remington Steele; director of The Spitfire Grill (1996), which won the Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival.

See also

• Shimer College: another Great Books College with a slightly different approach
• Mortimer Adler
• Stringfellow Barr
• Allan Bloom
• Harold Bloom
• Scott Buchanan
• Robert Hutchins
• Leo Strauss
• Colonial Colleges: Details on St. John's antiquity vis-a-vis other old U. S. colleges
• Educational perennialism
• Great Books
• Harrison Middleton University
• Liberal Arts, Inc. Failed attempt by Barr and Buchanan to start a Great Books-based college in the Massachusetts Berkshires, a mile-and-a-half from Tanglewood.
• Western canon
• Narrative evaluation

External links

• St. John's College official website
• Graduate Institute Tutorial and Seminar Reading Lists
• St. John's College on everything2
• Racing Odysseus: A College President Becomes a Freshman Again A former college president attended St. John's College and wrote a memoir about his experience reading Homer, rowing Crew, and examining the importance of a liberal arts education in today’s society.