Titan II GLV - Wikipedia

Titan II GLV
Size
Launch of Gemini 11 on a Titan II GLV from LC-19
Function	Launch vehicle for Gemini manned spacecraft
Manufacturer	Martin
Country of origin	United States
Height	109 feet (33.2 m)^[1]
Diameter	10 feet (3.05 m)
Mass	340,000 pounds (154,200 kg)
Stages	2
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Mass	7,900 pounds (3,580 kg)

Associated rockets
Family	Titan
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	Cape Canaveral LC-19
Total launches	12
Success(es)	12
First flight	8 April 1964
Last flight	11 November 1966
Type of passengers/cargo	Gemini

First stage
Powered by	1 LR-87
Maximum thrust	430,000 pounds-force (1,913 kN)
Specific impulse	258 sec
Burn time	156 seconds
Propellant	Aerozine 50/dinitrogen tetroxide
Second stage
Powered by	1 LR-91
Maximum thrust	100,000 pounds-force (445 kN)
Specific impulse	316 sec
Burn time	180 seconds
Propellant	A-50/N₂O₄

[edit on Wikidata]

The Titan II GLV (Gemini Launch Vehicle) or Gemini-Titan II was an American expendable launch system derived from the Titan II missile, which was used to launch twelve Gemini missions for NASA between 1964 and 1966. Two unmanned launches followed by ten manned ones were conducted from Launch Complex 19 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, starting with Gemini 1 on 8 April 1964.

The man-rated Titan II was a liquid-propelled rocket, and consisted of two stages. The first stage was powered by an LR87 engine (although this engine has two combustion chambers and nozzles, it is considered a single unit because both chambers use common turbomachinery), and the second stage was propelled by an LR91 engine.

The rockets were purpose-built for the Gemini launches and featured some modifications compared to the Titan missiles. A malfunction detection system was installed to inform the crew of the rocket's status, and improve response in an emergency. Redundant systems were fitted to reduce the chances of launch failures. The Titan II promised greater reliability than the Atlas because of its hypergolically-fueled engines requiring far fewer components, however various dangers remained, such as the possibility of a guidance malfunction causing the engine nozzles to gimbal hard right/left. For this reason, an extra backup guidance system was added. The second stage propellant tanks were lengthened for longer burn time and unnecessary vernier engines and retro-rockets were removed. Because the second stage engine had had issues with combustion instability, it was equipped with baffled injectors. A radio control system replaced the inertial guidance used on the missiles, and modifications were made to the tracking, electrical and hydraulics systems in the interest of improved reliability. Modifications were overseen by the Air Force Systems Command. Aerojet, the manufacturer of the Titan's engines, had released a revised model during mid-1963 due to deficiencies in the original design and also attempting to improve manufacturing procedures.

Assembly was done at Martin-Marietta's Baltimore plant so as not to interfere with missile work at the Denver facility, although it also saved the former from a planned shutdown.^[2]

Notes

^ Gatland, Kenneth (1976), Manned Spacecraft (2nd revision ed.), New York: MacMilan, p. 37, ISBN 0-02-542820-9
^ http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19780012208_1978012208.pdf

References

Krebs, Gunter. "Titan-2-GLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
Wade, Mark. "Titan". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2009-04-29.

External links

Media related to Titan II Gemini at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 7 7A 8 11 11H LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased RS1^† Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega original C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 12 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Glenn New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^†
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

v t e Orbital launch systems developed in the United States
Active	Atlas V**^†† Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Minotaur I IV V C Pegasus XL RS1^† SLS Block 1 Vulcan Centaur
In development	Antares 330 Daytona I MLV New Glenn Neutron Nova Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Starship Terran R
Retired	Antares 110/120/130/230/230+^††† Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able Agena Centaur Conestoga Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" H-I* Juno I Juno II LauncherOne N-I* N-II* Pilot Rocket 3 Saturn I IB V Scout Space Shuttle SPARK Sparta Terran 1 Thor Able Ablestar Agena Burner Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Vanguard
* - Japanese projects using US rockets or stages ** - uses Russian engines ^† - never succeeded ^†† - no new orders accepted ^††† - used Ukrainian first stage

Titan rockets

Main articles

Rockets

Missiles	HGM-25A Titan I LGM-25C Titan II
Launch Systems	Titan II GLV Titan IIIA Titan IIIB Titan IIIC Titan IIID Titan IIIE Titan 34D Titan 23G Commercial Titan III Titan IV
Unbuilt	Ares Titan-Vanguard Titan-C Titan IIB Titan IIL Titan IIS Soltan Titan IIIL Titan IIIM Titan V

Launch sites

Cape Canaveral	LC-15 LC-16 LC-19 LC-20 (S)LC-40 (S)LC-41
Vandenberg	OSTF SLTF LC-395 SLC-4 SLC-6
Bases	Larson Mountain Home Beale Ellsworth Lowry Davis-Monthan McConnell Little Rock

Components

Boosters	UA1205 UA1206 UA1207 SRMU
Upper stages	Agena Centaur IUS Star-37 TOS Transtage
Engines	AJ-10 B-8096 Orbus 6 Orbus 21 LR-87 LR-91 RL10

Manufacturers

Rocket	Martin Lockheed Martin
Engines	Aerojet Pratt & Whitney Thiokol

Project Gemini

Missions

Uncrewed	Gemini 1 2
Crewed	Gemini 3 4 5 7 6A 8 9A 10 11 12

Astronauts

Gemini 3: Gus Grissom (command pilot), John Young (pilot)
Gemini 4: James McDivitt (command pilot), Ed White (pilot)
Gemini 5: Gordon Cooper (command pilot), Pete Conrad (pilot)
Gemini 7: Frank Borman (command pilot), Jim Lovell (pilot)
Gemini 6A: Wally Schirra (command pilot), Tom Stafford (pilot)
Gemini 8: Neil Armstrong (command pilot), David Scott (pilot)
Gemini 9A: Tom Stafford (command pilot), Gene Cernan (pilot)
Gemini 10: John Young (command pilot), Michael Collins (pilot)
Gemini 11: Pete Conrad (command pilot), Richard Gordon (pilot)
Gemini 12: Jim Lovell (command pilot), Buzz Aldrin (pilot)

Components

Launch sites

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19 / Launch Complex 14

Developments

See also

Notes

References

External links