Western Pahari
| Western Pahari | |
|---|---|
| Himachali | |
| Geographic distribution | India (Himachal Pradesh) |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European
|
| ISO 639-2 / 5 | him |
| Glottolog | hima1250 |
The Western Pahari or Himachali languages (Devanagri: पश्चिमी पहाड़ी, हिमाचली) are a range of languages and dialects spoken in the western parts of the Himalayan range, in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. These are not to be confused with the Pahari language spoken further west in Kashmir.
Languages
Some Western Pahari languages, notably Dogri and Kangri, are tonal, like their close relative Panjabi but unlike most other Indic languages, Dogri has been an official language in India since 2003.
These languages are a dialect chain, and neighbouring varieties may be mutually intelligible.
- Dogri
- Pahari-Pothwari
- Kangri
- Mandeali and various Chambealic varieties
- Jaunsari
- Kullu
- Harijan Kinnauri
- Hinduri
- Mahasu Pahari
- Sirmauri
Some Western Pahari languages such as pothwari and Dogri have occasionally been regarded as dialects of either Hindustani[2] or Punjabi.[citation needed]
Script
Before the independence of India, many dialects of Himachali languages in Himachal Pradesh used to be written in the Takri script. Since it fell into disuse after independence, many efforts have been made to revive the Takri script for Himachali language.[3]
References
- ^ Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen (Microsoft Word, 133 KB)
- ^ Masica 1991, p. 13.
- ^ "Ancient scripts of Indian Mountains fights for survival - Zee News". Retrieved 9 January 2017.
Bibliography
- Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
External links
- Map of Western Pahari languages from Grierson's early 20th-century Linguistic Survey of India
