LGBT employment discrimination in the United States

The regulation of LGBT employment discrimination in the United States varies by jurisdiction. Many, but far from all, states and localities prohibit bias in hiring, promotion, job assignment, termination, and compensation, as well as harassment on the basis of one's sexual orientation. Fewer extend those protections to cover sexual identity.^[1] Some cover government employees but do not extend their protections to the private sector. Protections at the national level are limited. There is no federal statute addressing employment discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.

Federal employees

Presidents have established certain protections for some employees of the federal government by executive order. In 1995, President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 12968 establishing criteria for the issuance of security clearances included sexual orientation for the first time in its non-discrimination language: "The United States Government does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or sexual orientation in granting access to classified information." It also said that "no inference" about suitability for access to classified information "may be raised solely on the basis of the sexual orientation of the employee."^[2] Clinton's Executive Order 13087 in 1998 prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in the competitive service of the federal civilian workforce. It applied to employees of the government of the District of Columbia and the United States Postal Service and to civilian employees of the armed forces, but not to certain excepted services, such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Clinton acknowledged its limitations in a statement:^[3]

The Executive Order states Administration policy but does not and cannot create any new enforcement rights (such as the ability to proceed before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). Those rights can be granted only by legislation passed by the Congress, such as the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.

At the start of 2010, the Obama administration began including gender identity among the list of classes protected against discrimination under the authority of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). On July 1, 2011, the EEOC ruled that job discrimination against lesbians, gays and bisexuals classified as a form of sex-stereotyping and thus violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.^[4] On April 20, 2012,^[4] the EEOC went further and ruled that gender identity was also a protected class under the ban on sex discrimination found in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.^[5]

A bill to ban employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA), has been introduced repeatedly in the U.S. Congress since 1994.

State law

Wisconsin became the first state to ban employment discrimination based on sexual orientation in 1982. Minnesota became the first state to ban employment discrimination based on both sexual orientation and gender identity when it passed the Human Rights Act in 1993.^[6] Twenty-one states, the District of Columbia, and over 140 cities and counties have enacted bans of one sort or another.

Seventeen states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have statutes that protect against both sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination in employment in the public and private sector: California,^[7] Colorado,^[8] Connecticut, Delaware,^[9] Hawaii,^[10] Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada,^[11] New Jersey,^[12] New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington.

The states that ban sexual orientation discrimination in employment by statute are California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.^[13] Many of these laws also ban discrimination in other contexts, such as housing or public accommodation. Four states have laws prohibiting sexual orientation discrimination in public employment only: Indiana, Michigan, Montana, and Pennsylvania.

Five states prohibit discrimination in public employment based on sexual orientation only: Alaska, Arizona, Missouri,^[14] Montana, and Ohio.

Five states have an executive order, administrative order, or personnel regulation prohibiting discrimination in public employment based on sexual orientation and gender identity: Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan,^[15] and Pennsylvania. Two states prohibit discrimination based on gender identity in public employment only: Maryland and New York. Ohio previously included gender identity, until Governor John Kasich allowed the executive order covering it to expire in January 2011.^[16]

Seventeen other states have laws that have been interpreted to protect transgender persons.^[17]

Local law

A number of cities and counties have implemented non-discrimination laws. At least 185 cities and counties prohibit discrimination on the basis of gender identity for both public and private employees. In addition, at least 20 cities and counties prohibit such discrimination in public employment only. Most but not all of these cities and counties are located in states that have a statewide non-discrimination policy for sexual orientation and/or gender identity.

The following jurisdictions have laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in the absence of a comparable state law. Localities in bold are jurisdictions that prohibit discrimination in the public and private sector. Localities in italics are jurisdictions that prohibit discrimination in public employment only.

Alabama

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
Sexual orientation only
- City: Montgomery^[18]

Alaska

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for public employees only by executive order.

Arizona

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for public employees only by executive order.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- Cities: Flagstaff,^[19] Phoenix,^[20] Scottsdale^[21] and Tucson^[22]

Arkansas

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation only
- Cities: Fayetteville^[18] and Little Rock^[18]

California

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Colorado

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Connecticut

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Delaware

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

District of Columbia

Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by statute.

Florida

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Alachua,^[23] Broward,^[22] Leon,^[22] Monroe,^[22] Orange,^[24] Palm Beach,^[22] Pinellas,^[25] and Volusia^[22]
- Cities: Dunedin,^[22] Gainesville,^[22] Gulfport,^[22] Hialeah,^[18] Key West,^[22] Lake Worth,^[22] Largo,^[26] Miami,^[18] Miami Beach,^[22] Oakland Park,^[22] Tallahassee,^[27] Tampa,^[22] Tequesta,^[28] Venice,^[29] West Palm Beach,^[22] and Wilton Manors^[30]
Sexual orientation only
- - Counties: Miami-Dade^[27] and Sarasota^[31]
- Cities: Delray Beach,^[32] Fort Lauderdale,^[27] Orlando,^[27] Palm Beach Gardens,^[32] Sarasota,^[27] and St. Petersburg^[27]
- Towns: Juno Beach,^[32] Hypoluxo,^[32] Jupiter^[32] and Royal Palm Beach^[32]

Georgia

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - County: Athens-Clarke^[33]
- Cities: Atlanta,^[22] Avondale Estates,^[18] Clarkston,^[34] Columbus,^[18] Decatur,^[22] Doraville,^[35] Pine Lake^[36] and Savannah^[37]
Sexual orientation only
- - Counties: DeKalb^[38] and Fulton^[38]
- Cities: East Point^[38] and Tybee Island^[38]
- Unincorporated community: North Druid Hills^[18]

Hawaii

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Idaho

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- Cities: Boise,^[22] Coeur d'Alene,^[22] Idaho Falls,^[39] Ketchum,^[22] Moscow,^[22] Meridian,^[18] Nampa,^[18] Pocatello,^[40] and Sandpoint,^[22]
Sexual orientation only
- Cities: Lewiston^[41] and Twin Falls^[41]

Illinois

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Indiana

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for public employees only by executive order.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Marion^[22] and Monroe^[22]
- Cities: Bloomington,^[22] Evansville,^[22] Indianapolis,^[22] New Albany,^[42] South Bend,^[22] and West Lafayette^[43]
Sexual orientation only
- - County: Tippecanoe^[44]
- Cities: Fort Wayne,^[44] Lafayette,^[44] Michigan City,^[44] and Terre Haute^[44]

Iowa

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Kansas

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for public employees only by executive order.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- City: Lawrence^[22]

Kentucky

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for public employees only by executive order.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Fayette^[22] and Jefferson^[22]
- Cities: Covington,^[22] Frankfort,^[45] Lexington,^[18] Louisville,^[22] and Vicco^[22]

Louisiana

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.¹

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- Cities: New Orleans^[22] and Shreveport^[46]
Sexual orientation only
- City: Baton Rouge^[18]

Maine

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Maryland

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for public and private employees by state statute and executive order prohibiting discrimination of the basis of gender identity for public employees only.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Baltimore,^[47] Howard,^[22] and Montgomery^[22]
- Cities: Baltimore^[22] and Hyattsville^[48]

Massachusetts

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender for both public and private employees by state statute.

Michigan

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for public employees only by executive order.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Townships: Delta,^[49] Kalamazoo,^[50] Oshtemo,^[51] Saugatuck,^[52] and Union^[53]
- Cities: Ann Arbor,^[22] Battle Creek,^[54] Detroit,^[22] East Lansing,^[22] Ferndale,^[22] Grand Rapids,^[22] Huntington Woods,^[22] Kalamazoo,^[22] Lansing,^[22] Linden,^[55] Mount Pleasant,^[56] Muskegon,^[57] Pleasant Ridge,^[58] Royal Oak,^[59] Saugatuck,^[22] Traverse City,^[22] and Ypsilanti^[22]
Sexual orientation only
- Cities: Douglas,^[60] and Flint^[61]

Minnesota

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Mississippi

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Missouri

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for public employees only by executive order.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Jackson^[62] and St. Louis^[22]
- Cities: Clayton,^[22] Columbia,^[22] Creve Coeur,^[63] Ferguson,^[64] Kansas City,^[22] Kirksville,^[65] Kirkwood,^[22] Maplewood,^[66] Olivette,^[22] Richmond Heights,^[67] St. Louis,^[22] and University City^[22]

Montana

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for public employees only by executive order.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - County: Missoula^[68]
- Cities: Helena^[69] and Missoula^[22]

Nebraska

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- City: Omaha^[22]
Sexual orientation only
- Cities: Grand Island^[70] and Lincoln^[18]

Nevada

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

New Hampshire

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for both public and private employees by state statute.

New Jersey

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

New Mexico

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

New York

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for public and private employees by state statute and executive order prohibiting discrimination of the basis of gender identity for public employees only.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Suffolk,^[22] Tompkins,^[22] and Westchester^[71]
- Cities: Albany,^[22] Binghamton,^[72] Buffalo,^[22] Ithaca,^[22] New York City,^[22] Rochester,^[22] and Syracuse^[73]

North Carolina

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Buncombe,^[74] Mecklenburg,^[75] and Orange^[76]
- Cities: Asheville^[76] and Charlotte^[77]
- Towns: Boone,^[76] Carrboro,^[76] and Chapel Hill^[76]
Sexual orientation only
- - Counties: Durham^[76] and Guilford^[76]
- Cities: Bessemer City,^[76] Durham,^[78] Greensboro,^[76] High Point,^[76] Raleigh,^[76] and Winston-Salem^[76]

North Dakota

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- City: Grand Forks^[79]
Sexual orientation only
- Cities: Bismarck^[18] and Fargo^[80]

Ohio

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for public employees only by executive order.²

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- Cities: Akron,^[22] Athens,^[81] Bowling Green,^[22] Cincinnati,^[22] Cleveland,^[22] Columbus,^[22] Coshocton,^[82] Dayton,^[22] East Cleveland,^[81] Oxford,^[22] and Toledo^[22]
- Village: Yellow Springs^[22]
- Counties: Lucas^[83] and Summit^[22]
Sexual orientation only
- Cities: Canton^[81] and Cleveland Heights^[81]

Oklahoma

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- City: Norman^[18]
Sexual orientation only
- Cities: Oklahoma City^[84] and Tulsa^[85]

Oregon

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Pennsylvania

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for public employees only by executive order.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - - Counties: Allegheny^[22] and Erie^[22]
  - Townships: Abington,^[86] Cheltenham,^[87] Lower Merion,^[22] Newtown,^[22] Springfield,^[22] Upper Merion,^[88] and Whitemarsh^[22] Conshohocken,^[89]
  - Boroughs: Bristol,^[90] Jenkintown,^[22] Lansdowne,^[22] New Hope,^[22] State College,^[22] Susquehanna,^[22] and West Chester^[22]
- Cities: Allentown,^[22] Bethlehem^[22] Doylestown,^[22] Easton,^[22] Harrisburg,^[22] Lancaster,^[91] Philadelphia,^[22] Pittsburgh,^[22] Pittston,^[92] Reading,^[93] Scranton,^[22] Swarthmore,^[22] and York^[22]
- Unincorporated community: Haverford^[22]
Sexual orientation only
- Borough: Oxford^[94]

Puerto Rico

Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by statute.

Rhode Island

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

South Carolina

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - County: Richland^[95]
- Cities: Charleston,^[22] Columbia,^[22] and North Charleston^[18]

South Dakota

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - County: Shannon^[96]
Sexual orientation only
- - County: Minnehaha^[97]
- City: Brookings^[98] and Sioux Falls^[18]

Tennessee

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.³

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - County: Davidson^[99]
- City: Chattanooga,^[100] Knoxville,^[101] and Memphis^[102]

Texas

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Dallas^[22] and Walker^[103]
- Cities: Austin,^[22] Brownsville,^[18] Dallas,^[22] El Paso,^[104] Fort Worth,^[22] Houston,^[105] and San Antonio^[106]
Sexual orientation only
- Cities: Grand Prairie^[18] and Lubbock^[18]

Utah

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - Counties: Grand,^[22] Salt Lake,^[22] and Summit^[22]
- Cities: Alta,^[22] Harrisville,^[22] Logan,^[22] Midvale,^[22] Moab,^[22] Murray,^[22] Ogden,^[22] Park City,^[22] Salt Lake City,^[22] Springdale,^[22] Taylorsville,^[22] and West Valley City^[22]

Vermont

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

Virginia

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.⁴

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - County: Loudoun^[107]
Sexual orientation only
- - Counties: Arlington^[108] and Fairfax^[108]
- Cities: Alexandria,^[108] Charlottesville,^[108] Falls Church,^[109] Roanoke,^[108] Virginia Beach,^[108] and Williamsburg^[108]

Washington

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees by state statute.

West Virginia

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- Cities: Charleston,^[22] Harpers Ferry,^[110] and Morgantown^[18]
Sexual orientation only
- - County: Kanawha^[111]
- City: Huntington^[112]

Wisconsin

Statewide prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for both public and private employees by state statute.

Sexual orientation and gender identity
- - County: Dane^[22]
- Cities: Madison^[22] and Milwaukee^[22]

Wyoming

There is no legal prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity for both public and private employees on a statewide level.

Notes:

¹ Statewide executive order against employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation were allowed to expire in 2008 under Governor Bobby Jindal.
² Statewide executive order against employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity were allowed to expire in 2011 under Governor John Kasich.
³ The Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act blocks any local unit of government from requires that private businesses to bar discrimination on any basis not already covered by state law.
⁴ After winning the 2013 Virginia Governor election, Terry McAuliffe said he would sign on day one of his Governorship, an executive order prohibiting discrimination for sexual orientation and gender identity in statewide public employment.

Private sector policies

Many large companies provide equal rights and benefits to their lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees, as measured by the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) through its Corporate Equality Index. The 2011 report found that 337 large companies received a 100% rating.^[113] These businesses employ a total of over 8.3 million full-time U.S. workers.^[114] When the Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index was first used in 2002, 13 companies were rated 100 percent.^[115] Each year, corporations send thousands of employees to the Out & Equal Regional Summit, a conference that aims to create a more inclusive work environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender employees.^[116] There are workplace resources for how allies can create a more inclusive work environment, including programs available through PFLAG.^[117]

Widespread adoption of private workplace policies may be motivated by good business sense, the Williams Institute suggests. Its conclusion is based on a set of studies that show that lesbians and gay men who have come out at work report lower levels of anxiety, less conflict between work and personal life, greater job satisfaction, more sharing of employers' goals, higher levels of satisfaction with their co-workers, more self-esteem, and better physical health.^[118]

Repeal efforts

References

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^ "Ordinance No. 973" (PDF). City of Mount Pleasant. Retrieved August 20, 2012. The City intends that no individual be denied the equal protection of the laws; nor shall any person be denied the enjoyment of his or her civil rights or be discriminated against because of his or her [...] sexual orientation or gender identity.
^ Alexander, Dave (March 12, 2012). "Lesbian-gay anti-discrimination policy accepted by Muskegon City Commission". Michigan Live LLC. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
^ "Pleasant Ridge Human Rights Ordinance" (PDF). City of Pleasant Ridge. April 24, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
^ "Human rights ordinance passes in Royal Oak". WJBK. Associated Press. November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
^ "Michigan Department of Civil Rights Report on LGBT Inclusion under Michigan Law" (PDF). Michigan Department of Civil Rights. January 28, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
^ Proxmire, Crystal A. (January 10, 2013). "Non Discrimination Ordinances Spread Equality City by City". Between the Lines. Retrieved January 14, 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Jackson County Nondiscrimination Protections Extended to Housing and Public Accommodations" (Press release). PROMO. February 27, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
^ Schuessler, Todd (July 24, 2012). "Creve Coeur bans discrimination based on sexual orientation". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved August 29, 2012. The amendment, which was passed 7-0, prohibits any discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation in such matters as housing, employment and use of public spaces. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Ferguson becomes the 6th City in St. Louis County to Stand Against Discrimination" (Press release). PROMO. August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
^ "Kirksville, Mo., adopts anti-discrimination law". KCTV. Associated Press. August 20, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
^ Roberts, Rebecca (September 25, 2012). "Maplewood Passes Ordinance To Prevent LGBT Discrimination". KPLR-TV. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
^ "Richmond Heights Adds Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity to Nondiscrimination Ordinance" (Press release). PROMO. March 19, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
^ "Human Resources - Job Listings". Missoula County. Missoula County will not refuse employment or discriminate in compensation, benefits, or the other terms, conditions and privileges of employment based upon: [...] sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression
^ Talwani, Sanjay (December 18, 2012). "Nondiscrimination ordinance passes unanimously in Helena". Billings Gazette. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
^ Overstreet, Tracy (November 13, 2012). "Council overrides mayoral veto on sexual orientation policy". Grand Island Independent. Retrieved December 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Chapter 700. Human Rights" (PDF). Westchester County. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
^ "Chapter 45, Binghamton Human Rights Law" (PDF). City of Binghamton. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
^ Knauss, Tim; Breidenbach, Michelle (November 19, 2012). "Syracuse councilors vote to ban discrimination against transgendered people". The Post-Standard. Retrieved November 19, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Personnel Ordinance" (PDF). Buncombe County, North Carolina. August 7, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2013. Amended 4/16/2013 to include sexual orientation and gender identity
^ Comer, Matt (October 16, 2013). "Mecklenburg commissioners vote to add transgender protections". Q-Notes. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "North Carolina – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Documentation of Discrimination" (PDF). UCLA School of Law. September 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
^ Comer, Matt (December 14, 2012). "Transgender protections added to Charlotte personnel policy". Q-Notes. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
^ "Recruitment and Selection" (PDF). City of Durham. July 19, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2013. It is the policy of the City of Durham to assure that equal employment opportunity is afforded to all without regard to [...] sexual orientation
^ Jewett, Brandi (June 17, 2013). "Grand Forks OKs protection for city employees from discrimination based on gender identity, sexual orientation". Grand Forks Herald. Retrieved June 18, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Postings". City of Fargo. Retrieved June 18, 2013. The City of Fargo provides Equal Employment Opportunity for all individuals without regard to [...] sexual orientation
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Ohio Cities and LGBT Laws" (PDF). Equality Ohio. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
^ "Chapter 159 Human Relations Commission". Conway Greene Co. October 22, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2013. "Sexual orientation" means a person's actual or perceived homosexuality; bisexuality; or heterosexuality or transgender, by orientation or practice, by and between consenting adults.
^ ^{[dead link]}
^ Kimball, Michael (November 16, 2011). "Oklahoma City Council passes sexual orientation measure". The Oklahoman. Retrieved May 25, 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ Bryan, Emory (June 18, 2010). "Tulsa City Council Approves Sexual Orientation Policy; Rejects Immigration Ordinance". News on 6. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
^ Colletta, Jen (April 19, 2012). "Abington passes LGBT ordinance". Philadelphia Gay News. Retrieved July 25, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Cheltenham Township Ordinance No. 2237-12". Cheltenham Township. February 15, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
^ Thomas, Angela (October 25, 2012). "Upper Merion unanimously bans discrimination". Philadelphia Gay News. Retrieved October 30, 2012. The measure bans discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in housing, employment and public accommodations. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ Colletta, Jen (April 28, 2011). "PA gets 20th LGBT-inclusive ordinance". Philadelphia Gay News. Retrieved July 25, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ Duarte, Gemia Maria (September 9, 2013). "Bristol protects LGBT community with ordinance amendment". Bucks County Courier Times. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
^ "Lancaster City Human Relations Commission". City of Lancaster. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
^ "Pittston acts to prevent discrimination". The Abington Journal.com. May 28, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
^ "Bill No. 31-2011 - An Ordinance" (PDF). City of Reading. July 15, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
^ "Pennsylvania – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Documentation of Discrimination" (PDF). UCLA School of Law. September 2009. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
^ Comer, Matt (June 8, 2011). "South Carolina county passes non-discrimination ordinance". Q-Notes. Retrieved April 4, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Victory in Shannon County!" (Press release). Equality South Dakota. April 28, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
^ "Human Resources - Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Minnehaha County. Retrieved May 25, 2013. Minnehaha County is an Equal Opportunity Employer and does not discriminate on the basis of [...] sexual orientation
^ "Equal Employment Opportunity & Affirmative Action Policy". City of Brookings, SD. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
^ "Statement of Non-Discrimination". Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
^ Morton, David (November 12, 2013). "Chattanooga City Council approves domestic partner benefits". nooga.com. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
^ Witt, Gerald (May 1, 2012). "Knoxville City Council passes anti-discrimination ordinance". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved May 1, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Memphis includes gays under anti-discrimination". Knoxville News Sentinel. Associated Press. October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012. The Memphis City Council has included sexual orientation and gender identity in an ordinance that bans discrimination in city hiring. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ "Walker County Employment Application" (PDF). Walker County, Texas. August 11, 2003. Retrieved May 24, 2013. Walker County provides equal employment and advancement opportunities for all persons regardless of race, creed, sex, national origin, age, religion, disability, marital status, sexual orientation, or any other classification protected by law.
^ "Oridnance No. 15410" (PDF). City of El Paso. April 8, 2003. Retrieved January 22, 2013. It is unlawful for any person, firm, association or corporation, or any agent, servent or employee thereof within the City [El Paso], to refuse, deny or withhold from any person, for any reason directly or indirectly relating to the [...] gender identity, sexual orientation [...] of such person, any of the accommodations, facilities or services offered to the general public by place of public accommodation.
^ Shay, Miya (April 2, 2010). "Mayor extends city's non-discrimination policy". KTRK-TV. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
^ Weber, Paul J. (September 5, 2013). "San Antonio Adopts Disputed Gay Rights Measure". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
^ "Loudoun's nondiscrimination policy expanded". The Washington Post. January 6, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Virginia – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Documentation of Discrimination" (PDF). UCLA School of Law. September 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
^ "Human Resources". The City of Falls Church. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
^ "Harpers Ferry Human Rights Ordinance" (PDF). Corporation of Harpers Ferry. March 11, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013. "Sexual orientation" means actual or perceived heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, or gender-related identity, appearance, or behavior of an individual, with or without regard to the individual's assigned sex at birth.
^ "County adds sexual orientation to policy". Charleston Daily Mail. April 2, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
^ Fields, Ben (December 23, 2013). "Huntington amends fairness ordinance". The Herald-Dispatch. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
^ http://www.hrc.org/issues/workplace/cei.htm
^ "Corporate Equality Index: Rating American Workplaces on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equality" (PDF). Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
^ "Cities and Counties with Non-Discrimination Ordinances that Include Gender Identity". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved April 30, 2011.
^ http://outandequal.org/annual-summit
^ "Allies at Work: Creating a Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Inclusive Work Environment". OutAndEqual.org. Out and Equal Workplace Advocates. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
^ "Employment Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People in Oklahoma". The Williams Institute. Retrieved Accessed April 30, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[1] Tilcsik, A. (2011). Pride and prejudice: Employment discrimination against openly gay men in the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 117, 586–626.

[2] Purdum, Todd S. (4 August 1995). "Clinton Ends Ban on Security Clearance for Gay Workers". New York Times. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

[3] "1998-05-28 Statement on Amendment to EEO Executive Order". 5 May 1998. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

[ooqvab-4] "Facts about Discrimination in Federal Government Employment Based on Marital Status, Political Affiliation, Status as a Parent, Sexual Orientation, or Transgender (Gender Identity) Status". United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved December 7, 2013.

[5] Geidner, Chris (23 April 2012). "Transgender Breakthrough". Metro Weekly. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

[MinnInd-6] "Franken, Klobuchar sponsor workplace non-discrimination act". Minnesota Independent. 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2009-08-05.

[7] Cal Civ Code sec. 51

[8] C.R.S. 24-34-402 (2008)

[9] Lavers, Michael K. (June 19, 2013). "Markell signs transgender rights bill into law". Washington Blade. Retrieved June 19, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[10] Williams, Steve. "Hawaii's Trans Workplace Nondiscrimination Bill Goes To Governor's Desk". Care2. Retrieved May 2, 2011.

[11] Broverman, Neal (May 24, 2011). "Nevada Gov. Signs Pro-Trans Law". The Advocate. Retrieved March 22, 2012.

[12] Law Against Discrimination)

[13] "laws". HRC. Retrieved 2011-04-26.

[14] Missouri governor sets new discrimination policy

[15] The Associated Press^{[dead link]}

[16] Gavin, Aronsen. "Map: Transgender Employment Rights Make Headway". Mother Jones. Retrieved April 30, 2011.

[17] Weiss, Jillian Todd. (July 23, 2007) How many states have law covering gender identity? Transgender Workplace Diversity Blog. Accessed October 20, 2007.

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[19] "An ordinance of the city council of the City of Flagstaff, Arizona, amending Flagstaff City Code Title 14, Human Relations, by adding Chapter 2, Civil Rights". City of Flagstaff. Retrieved May 25, 2013.

[20] Gardiner, Dustin (February 26, 2013). "http://www.azcentral.com/community/phoenix/articles/20130226phoenix-discrimination-law-amend.html". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved February 26, 2013. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[21] "City Council Report". City of Scottsdale. November 20, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2012.

[HRC-22] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt "Cities and Counties with Non-Discrimination Ordinances that Include Gender Identity". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved May 25, 2013.

[23] Watkins, Morgan (August 13, 2013). "County adds sexual orientation to its human rights ordinance". The Gainesville Sun. Retrieved August 14, 2013.

[24] "Victory: Orange County Passes LGBT Protections". Equality Florida. November 23, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 20120. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[25] "Pinellas Commission passes protections for transgender people". Tampa Bay Times. August 20, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.

[26] "Employee Handbook A" (PDF). City of Largo. Retrieved March 22, 2012. Any verbal, physical, or visual conduct that belittles, demeans, denigrates, or shows hostility toward an individual or group based on [...] gender identity or expression, or similar characteristic or circumstance is prohibited.

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[28] "Application for Employment". Village of Tequesta. March 16, 2011. Retrieved March 22, 2012. It is the policy of the Village to conduct recruitment and selection in an affirmative manner to provide equal employment opportunity to all applicants and to prohibit discrimination because of [...] gender identity or expression

[29] "Venice Votes Unanimously to Protect LGBT Community". Equality Florida. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2012.

[30] "Personnel and Safety Rules and Regulations" (PDF). City of Wilton Manors. October 2011. Retrieved March 22, 2012.

[31] "Affirmative Action / Equal Employment Opportunity". Sarasota County. Retrieved January 14, 2013. All recruitment, hiring, training, and promotion of persons employed by Sarasota County, in all positions, are accomplished without regard to [...] sexual orientation

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[33] "Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)". Athens-Clarke County Unified Government. Retrieved March 22, 2012.

[34] "Clarkston beefs up its anti-discrimination policies". Project Q Atlanta. February 4, 2009. Retrieved March 22, 2012.

[35] "City of Doraville, Ga. Passes Non-Discrimination Ordinance" (Press release). Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. September 12, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2012.

[36] "Non-Discrimination Laws that include gender identity and expression". Transgender Law and Policy Institute. February 1, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012.

[37] "2012 Taxi Appeals Board Application". City of Savannah Mobility and Parking Services Department. The City of Savannah prohibits discrimination in all of its programs and activities on the basis of [...] sex (including gender identity and expression), marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation

[GeorgiaSOonly-38] "Georgia – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Documentation of Discrimination" (PDF). UCLA School of Law. September 2009. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

[39] Russell, Betsy (September 13, 2013). "Idaho Falls bans housing, employment discrimination against gays". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved September 18, 2013. Idaho Falls has become the seventh city in Idaho to enact a local ordinance barring discrimination in housing and employment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.

[40] "Pocatello Adopts Anti-discrimination Rule, Becoming 6th Idaho City to Protect GLBT People". Times-News. Associated Press. June 7, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2013.

[IDcities-41] Baeza, Benito (January 16, 2013). "Lewiston Adds Sexual Orientation to City Policy". KLIX. Associated Press. Retrieved January 19, 2013.

[42] Schneider, Grace (August 22, 2012). "New Albany anti-discrimination law draws raves from Kentucky". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved January 3, 2013. New Albany's new law bans discrimination in employment, education, housing and public accommodations based on an individual's actual or perceived [...] sexual orientation, gender identity {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[43] "West Lafayette Human Relations Commission" (PDF). City of West Lafayette. Retrieved April 13, 2012.

[IndianaSOonly-44] "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Now Protected in Marion County" (PDF). Hall, Render, Killian, Heath & Lyman. February 9, 2006. Retrieved January 2, 2013.

[45] Kang, Gene (August 29, 2013). "Frankfort becomes 5th Kentucky city to pass fairness ordinance". WHAS-TV. Retrieved August 29, 2013.

[46] McGaughy, Lauren (December 10, 2013). "Shreveport becomes second city in Louisiana after New Orleans to pass non-discrimination ordinance". The Times Picayune. Retrieved December 11, 2013.

[47] "Transgender bill passes through Council". WMAR-TV. February 21, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.

[48] Anfenson-Comeau, Jamie (December 3, 2013). "Hyattsville bans discrimination against transgender people". The Gazette. Retrieved December 3, 2013.

[49] "Delta board OKs anti-discrimination rules". Lansing State Journal. October 27, 2013.

[50] Monacelli, Emily (July 22, 2013). "Non-discrimination ordinance passed in 6-0 vote by Kalamazoo Township board". MLive Media Group. Retrieved July 23, 2013.

[51] "Kalamazoo County township passes anti-discrimination ordinance". The Holland Sentinel. The Associated Press. August 28, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2013.

[52] "Code of Ordinances" (PDF). Saugatuck Township. August 2, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2013. No person or persons shall discriminate against any person or persons within the township regarding employment, housing, public accommodations, and public services on the basis of that person's [...] gender, [...] sexual orientation [...] Gender. The real or perceived sex, gender identity, or gender expression.

[53] "Union Township adopts 'human rights' law". The Morning Sun. October 12, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[54] Bowman, Jennifer (September 3, 2013). "Pay raise for Tsuchiyama OK'd; anti-discrimination ordinance adopted". Battle Creek Enquirer. Retrieved September 6, 2013.

[55] "Another Mich. town bans anti-LGBT discrimination". LGBTQ Nation. September 13, 2013.

[56] "Ordinance No. 973" (PDF). City of Mount Pleasant. Retrieved August 20, 2012. The City intends that no individual be denied the equal protection of the laws; nor shall any person be denied the enjoyment of his or her civil rights or be discriminated against because of his or her [...] sexual orientation or gender identity.

[57] Alexander, Dave (March 12, 2012). "Lesbian-gay anti-discrimination policy accepted by Muskegon City Commission". Michigan Live LLC. Retrieved March 13, 2012.

[58] "Pleasant Ridge Human Rights Ordinance" (PDF). City of Pleasant Ridge. April 24, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2013.

[59] "Human rights ordinance passes in Royal Oak". WJBK. Associated Press. November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2013.

[60] "Michigan Department of Civil Rights Report on LGBT Inclusion under Michigan Law" (PDF). Michigan Department of Civil Rights. January 28, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2013.

[61] Proxmire, Crystal A. (January 10, 2013). "Non Discrimination Ordinances Spread Equality City by City". Between the Lines. Retrieved January 14, 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[62] "Jackson County Nondiscrimination Protections Extended to Housing and Public Accommodations" (Press release). PROMO. February 27, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.

[63] Schuessler, Todd (July 24, 2012). "Creve Coeur bans discrimination based on sexual orientation". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved August 29, 2012. The amendment, which was passed 7-0, prohibits any discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation in such matters as housing, employment and use of public spaces. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[64] "Ferguson becomes the 6th City in St. Louis County to Stand Against Discrimination" (Press release). PROMO. August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.

[65] "Kirksville, Mo., adopts anti-discrimination law". KCTV. Associated Press. August 20, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013.

[66] Roberts, Rebecca (September 25, 2012). "Maplewood Passes Ordinance To Prevent LGBT Discrimination". KPLR-TV. Retrieved September 26, 2012.

[67] "Richmond Heights Adds Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity to Nondiscrimination Ordinance" (Press release). PROMO. March 19, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.

[68] "Human Resources - Job Listings". Missoula County. Missoula County will not refuse employment or discriminate in compensation, benefits, or the other terms, conditions and privileges of employment based upon: [...] sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression

[69] Talwani, Sanjay (December 18, 2012). "Nondiscrimination ordinance passes unanimously in Helena". Billings Gazette. Retrieved December 18, 2012.

[70] Overstreet, Tracy (November 13, 2012). "Council overrides mayoral veto on sexual orientation policy". Grand Island Independent. Retrieved December 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[71] "Chapter 700. Human Rights" (PDF). Westchester County. Retrieved May 1, 2012.

[72] "Chapter 45, Binghamton Human Rights Law" (PDF). City of Binghamton. Retrieved April 13, 2012.

[73] Knauss, Tim; Breidenbach, Michelle (November 19, 2012). "Syracuse councilors vote to ban discrimination against transgendered people". The Post-Standard. Retrieved November 19, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[74] "Personnel Ordinance" (PDF). Buncombe County, North Carolina. August 7, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2013. Amended 4/16/2013 to include sexual orientation and gender identity

[75] Comer, Matt (October 16, 2013). "Mecklenburg commissioners vote to add transgender protections". Q-Notes. Retrieved October 16, 2013.

[NCCities-76] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "North Carolina – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Documentation of Discrimination" (PDF). UCLA School of Law. September 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2013.

[77] Comer, Matt (December 14, 2012). "Transgender protections added to Charlotte personnel policy". Q-Notes. Retrieved October 16, 2013.

[78] "Recruitment and Selection" (PDF). City of Durham. July 19, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2013. It is the policy of the City of Durham to assure that equal employment opportunity is afforded to all without regard to [...] sexual orientation

[79] Jewett, Brandi (June 17, 2013). "Grand Forks OKs protection for city employees from discrimination based on gender identity, sexual orientation". Grand Forks Herald. Retrieved June 18, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[80] "Postings". City of Fargo. Retrieved June 18, 2013. The City of Fargo provides Equal Employment Opportunity for all individuals without regard to [...] sexual orientation

[OhioCities-81] "Ohio Cities and LGBT Laws" (PDF). Equality Ohio. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

[82] "Chapter 159 Human Relations Commission". Conway Greene Co. October 22, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2013. "Sexual orientation" means a person's actual or perceived homosexuality; bisexuality; or heterosexuality or transgender, by orientation or practice, by and between consenting adults.

[83] {[dead link]}

[84] Kimball, Michael (November 16, 2011). "Oklahoma City Council passes sexual orientation measure". The Oklahoman. Retrieved May 25, 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[85] Bryan, Emory (June 18, 2010). "Tulsa City Council Approves Sexual Orientation Policy; Rejects Immigration Ordinance". News on 6. Retrieved May 25, 2013.

[86] Colletta, Jen (April 19, 2012). "Abington passes LGBT ordinance". Philadelphia Gay News. Retrieved July 25, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[87] "Cheltenham Township Ordinance No. 2237-12". Cheltenham Township. February 15, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2012.

[88] Thomas, Angela (October 25, 2012). "Upper Merion unanimously bans discrimination". Philadelphia Gay News. Retrieved October 30, 2012. The measure bans discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in housing, employment and public accommodations. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[89] Colletta, Jen (April 28, 2011). "PA gets 20th LGBT-inclusive ordinance". Philadelphia Gay News. Retrieved July 25, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[90] Duarte, Gemia Maria (September 9, 2013). "Bristol protects LGBT community with ordinance amendment". Bucks County Courier Times. Retrieved September 11, 2013.

[91] "Lancaster City Human Relations Commission". City of Lancaster. Retrieved April 13, 2012.

[92] "Pittston acts to prevent discrimination". The Abington Journal.com. May 28, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.

[93] "Bill No. 31-2011 - An Ordinance" (PDF). City of Reading. July 15, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2012.

[94] "Pennsylvania – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Documentation of Discrimination" (PDF). UCLA School of Law. September 2009. Retrieved January 5, 2013.

[95] Comer, Matt (June 8, 2011). "South Carolina county passes non-discrimination ordinance". Q-Notes. Retrieved April 4, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[96] "Victory in Shannon County!" (Press release). Equality South Dakota. April 28, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2013.

[97] "Human Resources - Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Minnehaha County. Retrieved May 25, 2013. Minnehaha County is an Equal Opportunity Employer and does not discriminate on the basis of [...] sexual orientation

[98] "Equal Employment Opportunity & Affirmative Action Policy". City of Brookings, SD. Retrieved May 24, 2013.

[99] "Statement of Non-Discrimination". Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. Retrieved April 14, 2012.

[100] Morton, David (November 12, 2013). "Chattanooga City Council approves domestic partner benefits". nooga.com. Retrieved November 13, 2013.

[101] Witt, Gerald (May 1, 2012). "Knoxville City Council passes anti-discrimination ordinance". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved May 1, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[102] "Memphis includes gays under anti-discrimination". Knoxville News Sentinel. Associated Press. October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012. The Memphis City Council has included sexual orientation and gender identity in an ordinance that bans discrimination in city hiring. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[103] "Walker County Employment Application" (PDF). Walker County, Texas. August 11, 2003. Retrieved May 24, 2013. Walker County provides equal employment and advancement opportunities for all persons regardless of race, creed, sex, national origin, age, religion, disability, marital status, sexual orientation, or any other classification protected by law.

[104] "Oridnance No. 15410" (PDF). City of El Paso. April 8, 2003. Retrieved January 22, 2013. It is unlawful for any person, firm, association or corporation, or any agent, servent or employee thereof within the City [El Paso], to refuse, deny or withhold from any person, for any reason directly or indirectly relating to the [...] gender identity, sexual orientation [...] of such person, any of the accommodations, facilities or services offered to the general public by place of public accommodation.

[105] Shay, Miya (April 2, 2010). "Mayor extends city's non-discrimination policy". KTRK-TV. Retrieved February 28, 2012.

[106] Weber, Paul J. (September 5, 2013). "San Antonio Adopts Disputed Gay Rights Measure". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved September 5, 2013.

[107] "Loudoun's nondiscrimination policy expanded". The Washington Post. January 6, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2013.

[VirginiaSOonly-108] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Virginia – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Documentation of Discrimination" (PDF). UCLA School of Law. September 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2013.

[109] "Human Resources". The City of Falls Church. Retrieved May 23, 2013.

[110] "Harpers Ferry Human Rights Ordinance" (PDF). Corporation of Harpers Ferry. March 11, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013. "Sexual orientation" means actual or perceived heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, or gender-related identity, appearance, or behavior of an individual, with or without regard to the individual's assigned sex at birth.

[111] "County adds sexual orientation to policy". Charleston Daily Mail. April 2, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2012.

[112] Fields, Ben (December 23, 2013). "Huntington amends fairness ordinance". The Herald-Dispatch. Retrieved December 28, 2013.

[113] ttp://www.hrc.org/issues/workplace/cei.htm

[114] "Corporate Equality Index: Rating American Workplaces on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equality" (PDF). Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved May 2, 2011.

[115] "Cities and Counties with Non-Discrimination Ordinances that Include Gender Identity". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved April 30, 2011.

[116] ttp://outandequal.org/annual-summit

[117] "Allies at Work: Creating a Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Inclusive Work Environment". OutAndEqual.org. Out and Equal Workplace Advocates. Retrieved March 21, 2012.

[118] "Employment Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People in Oklahoma". The Williams Institute. Retrieved Accessed April 30, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

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Federal employees

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References