1932 Ford

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1932 Ford Model B
Overview
ManufacturerFord
Production1932–1934
Assemblysee list below
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size Ford
Body style2-door roadster
2-door coupe
2-door sedan
4-door sedan
2-door cabriolet
2-door phaeton
Pickup
LayoutFR layout
RelatedFord Model Y
Ford Köln
Ford Rheinland
GAZ-M1
Powertrain
Engine201 cu in (3.3 L) L-head-4 I4 (Model B)
221 cu in (3.6 l) "Flathead" V8 (Models 18 and 40)
Dimensions
Wheelbase1932: 2,692 mm (106.0 in)
1933: 2,845 mm (112.0 in)
1934: 2,845 mm (112.0 in)
Chronology
PredecessorFord Model A
SuccessorFord Model 48

Ford produced three cars between 1932 and 1934: the Model B, Model 18 & Model 40. These succeeded the Model A. The Model B continued to offer Ford's proven four cylinder and was available from 1932 to 1934. The V8 (Model 18 in 1932, Model 40 in 1933 & 1934) was succeeded by the Model 48. It was the first Ford fitted with the flathead V‑8. In Europe, it was built slightly longer. The same bodies were available on both 4 cylinder Model Bs and V8 Model 18/40s. The company also replaced the Model AA truck with the Model BB, available with either the four- or eight-cylinder engine.

Technical

Rather than just a much updated version of the Model A, Ford launched a completely new model for 1932. The V-8 was marketed as the Model 18 in its initial year, and commonly simply called the Ford V‑8. It had the new flathead V‑8 engine. The Model 18 was the first low-priced, mass-marketed car to have a V8 engine, an important milestone in Automotive industry in the United States. The 221 cu in (3.6 l) V8 was rated at 65 hp (48 kW) when introduced, but power increased significantly with improvements to the carburetor and ignition in later years. This engine choice was more popular than the four-cylinder, which was essentially a variant of the Model A engine with improvements to balancing and lubrication.

Model B was derived with as few technical changes as possible to keep cost low. Other than the engine, and badging on headlamp support bar (later: grille) and hub caps, it was virtually indistinguishable from the V-8. Its intention was to be a price leader, and as it offered more than the popular Model A, this should have been a winning formula. In fact, the new and only slightly more expensive V-8 stole the show, and finally made it obsolete. The V8 engine was previously exclusive to Lincoln products, which in 1932 switched to V12 engines only.

Although there is a certain optical relationship with the predecessor Model A, the car was new. While the Model A has a simple frame with two straight longitudinal members, the new car got a longer wheelbase, and an outward curved, double dropped chassis. In both models the fuel tank was relocated from the cowl as in Model A and late Model T, where its back had formed the dash, to the lower rear of the car, as is typical in modern cars; thus requiring Ford to include an engine-driven fuel pump rather than rely on gravity feed. While the V-8 was developed from scratch, the B just had an improved four-cylinder Model A engine of 201 cu in (3.29 L) displacement producing 50 horsepower (37 kW; 51 PS).

1932

1932 Ford V-8 Standard Tudor Model 18 with optional color keyed wheels, white wall tires, and side mounts

When Ford introduced the Model A in late 1927, there were several competitors also offering four cylinder cars, among them Chevrolet, Dodge, Durant, or Willys. That changed within a few years, soon leaving the new Plymouth the sole major make in the Ford's price class with a four.

Although sharing a common platform, Model Bs and Model 18s came not only in Standard and Deluxe trim, they were available in a large variety of body styles. Some of them, like the commercial cars described below, were only available as Standards, and a few other came only in Deluxe trim. There were two-door roadster, two-door cabriolet, four-door phaeton, two-door and four-door sedans, four-door 'woodie" station wagon, two-door convertible sedan, panel and sedan deliveries, five-window coupe, a sport coupe (stationary softtop), the three-window Deluxe Coupe, and pickup. The wooden panels were manufactured at the Ford Iron Mountain Plant in the Michigan Upper Peninsula from Ford owned lumber. One of the more well known and popular models was the two-door Victoria, which was largely designed by Edsel Ford. It was a smaller version of the Lincoln Victoria coupe, built on the Lincoln K-series chassis with a V8 engine; by 1933 Lincoln no longer used a V8 and only offered the V12, with the V8 now exclusive to Ford branded vehicles.[1]

Prices ranged from US$495[2] for the roadster, $490 for the coupes, and $650 for the convertible sedan. Production totals numbered from 12,597 for the roadster to 124,101 for the two-door sedan. Ford sold 298,647 V8-powered 18s in 1932,[3] and except for the fact Ford could not keep up with demand, the essentially identical four-cylinder B would have been a sales disaster: dealers switched customers to them from the V8, and even then sold only 133,539,[3] in part because the V8 cost just US$10 more.[3]

The B was discontinued because buyers disliked four cylinder models in general, and because of the huge success of the V-8, not for being an inferior car. In fact, it persisted a little longer in Europe, where in many countries the tax system heavily favored smaller-displacement engines.

Today, the 1932 Model B, although always a little bit in the shadow of the V-8, is a highly collectible car and people will pay thousands of dollars to restore one to original specification.

All 1932 Fords—V8-8s and Model Bs—came with black fenders, wire wheels, and a rear-mounted spare wheel (side mount on cars equipped with a tail gate). Options included single or twin sidemounts, luggage rack, clock, in- and outside mirrors, and choice of leather or Broadcloth (closed cars) interior material.

Paints were Pyroxylin lacquer.[4]

Standard & Deluxe trim

The B shared frame, bodies, and even most of the trim with the eight cylinder car. The only technical difference was the use of the slightly reworked Model A engine, thus the designation B. Most body styles were available as Standard or Deluxe variants with either engine offered as an option. Customers could get a deluxe version of the 1932 Model B in three-window coupe (which only came in deluxe model), roadster, phaeton, Tudor and Fordor as well.[5]

Standard trim meant black front window frame, black wire wheels (color optional), black horn (chrome-plated optional), single tail light (2nd optional), painted dash, position lights integrated in the head lamps (Deluxe cowl lamps optional), and less expensive interiors.

1933

1933 Ford Model B Standard 5 window Coupe. This car has incorrect wheels. Painted Window frame indicates a Standard. While twin chromed horns and cowl lamps were included with Deluxes, they proved a popular option for Standard models.

When the Model 40 and the new B were introduced February 9, 1933, revisions of the car were substantial, especially considering how important the 1932 change had been. For its second year, the wheelbase was stretched, from 106 in (2692 mm) to 112 in (2845 mm) on a new crossmember frame. The grille was revised, gaining a pointed forward slope at the bottom which resembled either a shovel or the 1932 Packard Light Eight. Both the grille and hood louvers curved down and forward. The overall design and grille were inspired by the English Ford Model Y. Streamlining was further accentuated by the new hood which now covered the cowl, giving an impression of more length. In addition, there were more rounded and skirted fenders and new, elegantly bowed bumpers. Headlamp support bars were no longer in use, and there were new wire wheels. The cars got a new dashboard with instruments set in an oval insert in front of the driver. There was a glove box on the passenger side. Closed Deluxe models received heavy DI-NOC woodgraining[6] on dash and window frames, and there were deeper seat cushions.[citation needed]

There were 10 body styles (14 if standard and Deluxe trim levels are counted separately). Now, all were available for V-8s and the Model B, which thus got Deluxe models, too. Convertible Coupes and Victoria came in Deluxe trim only, and the most expensive car in the line, the "woody", as a Standard only. It cost US$590 with the four cylinder engine.[7]

The cars gained about 3% in weight, compensated for with more powerful engines, as on the V-8 with its 15% increase in power.[8]

Total sales for the model year were up to 311,113[9]and 334,969 for calendar year.[9]

"Model C"

Power from the V8 rose to 75 hp (56 kW) with a revised ignition system.[clarification needed] The four-cylinder engine continued unchanged, but was referred to (by some) as the Model C, though Ford never referred to its "Improved Four-Cylinder engine" as a "Model C" engine. There is some dispute over this; some sources say it was a common misconception due to the introduction of a larger counterbalanced crankshaft during the Model B engine production, and the letter "C" casting mark on most, but not all, of the Model B heads.[citation needed] On the other side, this integrally counterweighted crankshaft was first introduced for truck engines only. When they proved superior concerning smoothness and longevity, they were introduced for worldwide four cylinder production. Together with the fact that there were huge quantities of "B" code engines in stock which needed to be used up, this explains why there are "B" and "C" coded engines in some model years.[10] as Canadian-built cars used the prefix "C" on their identification plates, there is another source for errors. Model Bs start with prefix "AB", V-8s with "18-1".[11] (Model A part number suffix was ‑A, Police Special High Compression head part number suffix was ‑b, and there was a fairly large letter "B" casting mark about the center of the head.)

1934

Mildly customized 1934 Model 40B three window coupe. Essential details like body panels, headlamps and bumper look correct[to whom?] for model year. This car has the Deluxe treatment with chromed window frame twin horns, and cowl lamps.

The 1934 Ford (the Model 40B) was not as substantial a model year change as the previous two years had been.

1934 Ford Model 40

Noticeable changes included a flatter grille with a wider surround and fewer bars, straight hood louvers, two handles on each side of the hood, smaller head lights and cowl lamps, and a reworked logo. The bare metal dash insert was replaced by painted steel.[9]

V‑8 output was again increased, this time to 85 hp (63 kW), and the four-cylinder Model B engine was in its last year, as was the Victoria body style; nevertheless, there were fourteen body options, the Tudor being top-seller.[3] The standard three window coupe was deleted.[12]

Deluxes had pinstriping, again twin (chromed) horns, and twin back lights.[9] Inside, they got more eloborate wood graining.

1934 Ford in which Bonnie and Clyde were ambushed and killed.

The 1934 Ford V-8 is infamous as being the vehicle in which the notorious Depression-era bandits Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were ambushed and killed.[13] On May 23, 1934, the two outlaws were traveling in a stolen 1934 Ford sedan in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, when a heavily armed law enforcement posse opened fire and riddled their car with bullets and buckshot.

1934 Model 40 Special Speedster

Edsel Ford commissioned Ford's chief designer, E.T. "Bob" Gregorie to design and supervise the construction of a personal sports car based on period sports car Mr. Ford had seen in Europe. A special two seat roadster was built from aluminum and installed with a flathead V8 engine. Only one was built and is currently at the Ford House museum.[14]

Hot-rodding variants

Fords of 1932–1934 are extremely popular with hot rodders.

Deuce coupe

1932 Ford De Luxe Coupe V8

During the period after WWII, Model Bs and 18s were frequently rodded. This continued into the 1960s on a large scale, as noted in the hit song and as the pivotal street racing car in the film "American Graffiti". Today, the roadster and coupe are the most sought after body styles, as these were popular for street rods and hotrods; unmodified examples have become rare. Since the 1970s, 1932 bodies and frames have been reproduced either in fiberglass or lately in steel, which has helped resolve sheetmetal shortages, and increased the number of rods being created or restored. These are often very expensive, and a typical show-quality car may sell for $60,000 or more.[citation needed]

Deuce coupe is a slang term used to refer to the 1932 Ford coupe, derived from the year "2" of manufacture. In the 1940s, the '32 Ford became an ideal hot rod. Rodders would strip weight off this readily available car and "hop up" or customize the engine. They came in two body styles, the more common 5-window and rarer suicide door 3-window. After World War II, the iconic stature of the 1932-vintage Ford in hot rodding inspired The Beach Boys to not only write a song entitled "Little Deuce Coupe" in 1963, but also had one of their albums named for the car, from the aforementioned song.[citation needed]

The gow job morphed into the hot rod in the early to middle 1950s.[15]

Typical of builds from before World War Two were '35 Ford wire-spoke wheels.[16]

Immediately postwar, most rods would change from mechanical to hydraulic ("juice") brakes and from bulb to sealed-beam headlights.[17]

The mid-1950s and early 1960s custom Deuce was typically fenderless and steeply chopped, and almost all Ford (or Mercury, with the 239 cu in (3,920 cc) flatty, introduced in 1939[18]); a Halibrand quick-change rearend was also typical, and an Edelbrock intake manifold or Harman and Collins ignition magneto would not be uncommon.[19] Reproduction spindles, brake drums, and backing based on the 1937s remain available today.[20] Aftermarket flatty heads were available from Barney Navarro,[21] Vic Edelbrock, and Offenhauser. The first intake manifold Edelbrock sold was a "slingshot" design for the flatty.[22] Front suspension hairpins were adapted from sprint cars, such as the Kurtis Krafts.[23] The first Jimmy supercharger on a V8 may have been by Navarro in 1950.[24]

Brookville Roadster was one of the first companies to reproduce car bodies in steel.[25]

Little Deuce Coupe

The "little deuce coupe" that appeared on the cover to the Beach Boys' album Little Deuce Coupe (1963)

The picture featured on the front cover of the Beach Boys' album Little Deuce Coupe was supplied by Hot Rod magazine, and features the body (with his head cropped in the photo) of hod rod owner Clarence 'Chili' Catallo and his own customized three-window 1932 Ford Coupe—known amongst hot rod enthusiasts as "the lil' deuce coupe".[citation needed]

Catallo bought the vehicle in 1956 for $75 in Michigan when he was 15 years old. Catallo replaced the original stock Ford engine (unlike The Beach Boys song lyrics, which mention "a flathead mill") with a newer Oldsmobile V-8, choped and channelled to lower the top by 6 in (15 cm).[26] Much of the original customizing work, including the stacked headlights, side trim, and grille was done by an auto shop owned by Mike and Larry Alexander in the Detroit suburb of Southfield. After Catallo moved to Southern California, additional work, including the chopped top, was done in 1960-61 at 'Kustom City', George Barris's noted North Hollywood auto customizing shop. This led to the magazine cover and two years later, the shot was featured as the cover for The Beach Boys' fourth album. Catallo sold the coupe a few years later but, urged by his son Curt, was able to buy it back in the late 1990s for $40,000. The car had since been additionally modified but was restored by Catallo with many of the original part, so it is again virtually identical to the famous photo. In 2000, the hot rod won the 'People's Choice' award at the Meadow Brook Concours d'Elegance.[27][28]

Modern hot rods

Most newly built hot rods use fiberglass or more expensive, newly minted, steel bodies. The classic 1932 Ford lines are closely reproduced with new bodies. Sometimes original bodies are used, but the cost of originals is quite high. Because the 1932 Ford is extremely popular with hot rodders, unmodified versions are becoming rare. Although distinctly different in appearance, 1933 and '34 Fords are also popular starting points for hot rod construction.

Hot rod gallery

The following cars might or might not be Model Bs. Chances are also that either V-8s were used, or that they have modern parts (chassis, complete bodies, or body panels) that are produced for hot rodder's needs. You can build your complete car, using only aftermarket parts.

  • Hiboy Deuce, with chopped top, drag headers, and tunnel ram intake manifold (with dual quad carburetors), and aftermarket dropped axle and disc brakes, based on 1932 Model 18 or B three-window coupe
    Hiboy Deuce, with chopped top, drag headers, and tunnel ram intake manifold (with dual quad carburetors), and aftermarket dropped axle and disc brakes, based on 1932 Model 18 or B three-window coupe
  • Street rod with chopped top, based on 1933 Model 40 or B three window coupe
    Street rod with chopped top, based on 1933 Model 40 or B three window coupe
  • Somewhat milder tuned street rod without chopped top, based on 1934 Model 40B or B Fordor, claimed a Deluxe. The usual mixing parts in this genre avoids clear identification
    Somewhat milder tuned street rod without chopped top, based on 1934 Model 40B or B Fordor, claimed a Deluxe. The usual mixing parts in this genre avoids clear identification
  • 1934 Model 40B or B three window coupe, built in the 1950s hot rod tradition with 1930s style steel wheels and rows of hood louvres
    1934 Model 40B or B three window coupe, built in the 1950s hot rod tradition with 1930s style steel wheels and rows of hood louvres
  • "Eliminator" coupe, based on a 1933 Ford and built for ZZ Top guitarist Billy Gibbons
    "Eliminator" coupe, based on a 1933 Ford and built for ZZ Top guitarist Billy Gibbons

Production

Model A chassis assembly, Ford Long Beach Assembly, April 21, 1930

There were no specific plants for the Model B. It rolled side by side with the V-8 off the line. In 1932, Ford Motor Company had 32 plants in the USA, one in Canada, seven in Europe (one for Fordson tractor production only), four in Central and South America, and one each in Turkey and Japan.[29] Vehicles were manufactured at the Ford River Rouge Plant, then sent to the various assembly locations in "knock-down kits", where they were locally assembled and sold.[30]

USA

Canada

Europe

German built Ford Rheinland sedan with formal coachwork by Hebmüller (1934). Back of the body appears elongated.

The Ford V8 was also made by Ford in Britain in the 1930s. It was conservatively re-styled and relaunched as the post-war Ford Pilot which came with two V8 engine options.

Central and South America

Asia

Model BB trucks

1933 Model 40 (V-8) station wagon. The B is similar; the only outside differences are lack of the V-8 emblem on grille and hub caps. Considered a commercial car, it came in standard guise only. Sidemount spare wheel is stock, prompted by the need to relocate it from the rear.

As with the previous model A, there were heavier commercial vehicles. They were available with either the venerable four or the more powerful V-8. The four cylinder truck got the designation "BB", following a practice started with the "TT" and "AA" trucks.

The BB had longer wheelbases of 131.5 or 157 in. (3340 or 3988 mm),[32] a reinforced frame, heavy duty transmissions and axles, and bigger wheels. Wire wheels were standard on the light duty cars, the heavier got steel wheels (some of them dual on the rear axle). There was a separate catalogue offering popular body styles, rolling chassis or chassis and cab. Many local coachbuilders offered their coachwork to customers in need of more specific solutions. During the Depression, also ambulances, hearses, or fire trucks found their way to budget-minded communities and organizations.

Other than with the Model B automobiles, BB designated four as well as eight cylinder trucks. V-8 was strictly an option, even for heavy trucks. The bulk of these vehicles came with four cylinder engines.

These trucks may be mistaken for B or V-8 commercial cars built on the passenger car chassis. Sedan deliveries, pickups, and station wagons were the best remembered of these. They had elongated bodies and stiffer springs, and were generally shown in the commercial car catalogue, even if the wagon was the most expensive body style[citation needed] available on the passenger car chassis.

  • 1933 Ford Model 46 (V-8) half ton pick up truck (1933). The BB is similar; the only outside difference is lack of the V-8 emblem on the headlamp support bar.
    1933 Ford Model 46 (V-8) half ton pick up truck (1933). The BB is similar; the only outside difference is lack of the V-8 emblem on the headlamp support bar.
  • 1934 Ford Model BB pick up truck.
    1934 Ford Model BB pick up truck.

References

  1. ^ "Lincoln Series KA Victoria coupe". Desert Classics. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  2. ^ Gauld, Graham. "The Ford Motor Company", in Northey, Tom, ed. World of Automobiles (London: Phoebus, 1974), Volume 6, p.694.
  3. ^ a b c d Gauld, p.694.
  4. ^ Spencer/Woudenberg: Ford In The Thirties, p. 43
  5. ^ Gunnell, John. Standard Catalog of Ford. (Krause Publications)
  6. ^ DiNoc was a widely used photographc method of applying wood imitation on metal surfaces.
  7. ^ Kimes, p.567
  8. ^ Murray/Woudenberg, p. 43
  9. ^ a b c d Kimes, p. 567
  10. ^ Spencer/Woudenberg, p. 119
  11. ^ Kimes, p. 566
  12. ^ Kimes, p. 568
  13. ^ Milner, E.R. The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde. Southern Illinois University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8093-2552-7. Published 1996. p. 135
  14. ^ "Edsel Ford's 1934 Model 40 Special Speedster". Edsel and Eleanor Ford House. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  15. ^ Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in Hot Rod, March 2017, p.16.
  16. ^ Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in in Hot Rod, March 2017, p.18.
  17. ^ Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in in Hot Rod, March 2017, pp.18 and 20.
  18. ^ Shelton, p.20.
  19. ^ Shelton, pp.17-18.
  20. ^ Shelton, p.20.
  21. ^ Shelton, p.20 caption.
  22. ^ Shelton, p.20 caption.
  23. ^ Shelton, p.24 and p.26 caption.
  24. ^ Shelton, p.26 caption.
  25. ^ Shelton, p.28.
  26. ^ New York Times online (retrieved 16 June 2017)
  27. ^ Roy, Rex (August 27, 2009). "Surfers Met Rodders, and a Genre Was Born". The New York Times.
  28. ^ Wallace, Dave (October 19, 2012). "Little Deuce Coupe". Hot Rod.
  29. ^ Murray/Woudenberg, p. 29
  30. ^ Ford, Henry; Crowther, Samuel (1922). My Life and Work. Garden City Publishing. pp. 81, 167. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
  31. ^ "Historique de l'usine d'Asnières". Amicale des Anciens d'Asnières (in French). November 19, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
  32. ^ Murray/Woudenberg, p. 37

Sources

  • Brinkley, Douglas. Wheels For The World: Henry Ford, His Company And A Century Of Progress.
  • Burness, Tad: American Car Spotter’s Guide, 1920–39; Motorbooks International, ISBN 0-87938-026-8
  • Consumer’s Guide (editor): Encyclopedia of American Cars from 1930, Publications International (1993), ISBN 0-7853-0175-5
  • "Generations: Ford Model T to Crown Victoria". Edmunds.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • George H. Dammann: Illustrated History of Ford, Crestline Publishing Co., Sarasota FL (1970),ISBN 0-912612-02-9
  • Gauld, Graham. "The Ford Motor Company", in Northey, Tom, ed. World of Automobiles, Volume 6, pp. 681–700. London: Phoebus, 1974.
  • Heasley, Jerry: The Production Figure Book For U.S. Cars; Motorbooks International (1977) ISBN 0-87938-042-X
  • Kimes, Beverly Rae (editor) and Clark, Henry Austin, jr.: The Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942, 2nd ed., Krause Publications, Iola, WI 54990, USA (1985), ISBN 0-87341-111-0
  • David L. Lewis (2005). 100 Years of Ford. Publications International. pp. 81–89. ISBN 0-7853-7988-6.
  • Olyslager, Piet: American Cars of the 1930s The Olyslager Auto Library (1971; reprinted 1977), ISBN 0 7232 1266 X
  • Naul, G. Marshall (editor) and Zavitz, R. Parry: The Specification Book For U.S. Cars 1930–1969; Motorbooks International (1980) ISBN 0-87938-068-3
  • Ray Miller: Henry’s Lady: An Illustrated History of the Model A Ford; 4th Printing; Vol. 2, The Ford Rd Series, The Evergreen Press, Oceanside, California (1975), ISBN 0-913056-03-0
  • Ray Miller: The V-Eight Affair: An Illustrated History of the Pre-War Ford V-8; Vol. 3, The Ford Rd Series, The Evergreen Press, Oceanside, California (1972), ISBN 0913056022; ISBN 978-0913056028, Hardcover
  • Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in in Hot Rod, March 2017, pp.16-29.
  • Spencer Murray (ed.); Dr. med. Paul R. Woudenberg: Ford In The Thirties (1976); Petersen Publishing Co., ISBN 0-8227-0644-X (pbk)
  • Spencer Murray (Hrsg.); Paul R. Woudenberg, Ph.D.: Ford In The Thirties (1976); Petersen Publishing Co., ISBN 0-8227-0644-X (pbk)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ford Model B.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ford Model 40.
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