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2022 Philippine presidential election

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2022 Philippine presidential election
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Incumbent President

Rodrigo Duterte
PDP–Laban



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The Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections of 2022 are scheduled to be held on Monday, May 9, 2022, as part of that year's general election. This will be the 17th direct presidential election in the Philippines since 1935 and the seventh sextennial presidential election since 1986.

Incumbent president Rodrigo Duterte is ineligible for re-election, pursuant to the 1987 Philippine Constitution. The position of president and vice president are elected separately, thus the two winning candidates could come from different political parties.

Electoral system

Main article: Philippine presidential election

According to the Constitution of the Philippines of 1987, the election is held every six years after 1992, on the second Monday of May. The incumbent president is term limited. The incumbent vice president may run for two consecutive terms. The first-past-the-post voting system is used to determine the winner: the candidate with the highest number of votes, whether or not one has a majority, wins the presidency. The vice presidential election is a separate election, is held on the same rules, and voters may split their ticket. If two or more candidates wins the most number of votes for any position, Congress shall vote from among them which shall be president or vice president, as the case may be. Both winners will serve six-year terms commencing at noon on June 30, 2022, and ending on the same day six years later.[1]

Background

See also: 2016 Philippine presidential election and 2019 Philippine Senate election
The 2022 election will decide the successor of both President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo.

In the 2016 presidential and vice presidential elections, Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban) won against five other candidates, winning as president, while representative from Camarines Sur Leni Robredo of the Liberal Party won against Senator Bongbong Marcos and five others in the vice presidential election that is the closest margin since 1965. Marcos put the result under protest in the Presidential Electoral Tribunal.[2]

In July 2016, Vice President Robredo was appointed to head the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council,[3] but later resigned in December 2016 after she was told to stop attending all cabinet meetings, amid her criticism of the administration's bloody war on drugs.[4] His allies afterwards attempted to impeach her, with the president calling to end the impeachment.[5]

In the 17th Congress, the representative from Davao del Norte Pantaleon Alvarez was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives in July 2016.[6] Faced with reports of destabilization, Duterte in October 2017 said that he will declare revolutionary government, where it is understood that all positions in government are declared vacant, in order to prevent chaos. The president listed the Communist Party of the Philippines, the elites, and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency as the organizations that had a hand in efforts to destabilize the government.[7]

Midway the legislative term, former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who was the representative from Pampanga, ousted Alvarez from the speakership. The president's allies said that the ouster was due to a squabble between Alvarez and Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte, the president's daughter, who the latter branded the former as from the opposition when she launched the Hugpong ng Pagbabago, a regional political party in the Davao Region where both Davao del Norte and Davao City are a part of.[8]

In the 2019 midterm Senate election, the opposition fielded the Otso Diretso coalition,[9] while the administration fielded their slate under the Hugpong ng Pagbabago banner.[10] Hugpong won 9 of the 12 seats contested, while Otso Diretso won no seats. Cynthia Villar, wife of defeated 2010 presidential candidate Manuel Villar, topped the election, while 2013's topnotcher and 2016 defeated presidential candidate Grace Poe finished second.[11] While Sara Duterte's Hugpong won in the Davao Region, they notably failed to unseat Alvarez, and PDP–Laban defeated Hugpong candidate for governor of Davao del Norte, and won the province's both seats in the House of Representatives.[12]

On Marcos's electoral protest against Robredo, the Presidential Electoral Tribunal released in October 2019 the report on Marcos's pilot provinces of Camarines Sur, Iloilo and Negros Oriental, and showed that Robredo increased her lead by 15,742 votes. The tribunal voted to defer on deciding on the protest, and instead proceeded with Marcos's plea to nullify the votes from the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) provinces of Basilan, Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao. Those who dissented the decision said that the protest should have been dismissed, as Marcos failed to recover votes from his 3 pilot provinces, citing the rules of the tribunal; they were overruled when the others said that Marcos's plea on the ARMM provinces should also be resolved.[13]

A couple of weeks later, the president challenged Robredo to co-chair the Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs (ICAD), the office that oversees the war on drugs, along with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency chief, which she accepted.[14] A week later, Duterte said that he will fire Robredo if she shares state secrets about the drug war.[15] Several days later, Duterte said he cannot trust Robredo, after she asked the government for a list of high value targets in the drug war.[16] Robredo replied that "He should tell me straight if he wants me out."[17] Senator Francis Pangilinan of the Liberal Party said that Duterte could have fired Robredo instead of belittling her.[18] A day later, Duterte fired Robredo as co-chair of the ICAD, with Presidential Spokesman Salvador Panelo shared that she spoke with foreigners, was asking for the scope of her powers and was among those daring the President to fire her, along with Senator Francis Pangilinan.[19]

In June 2020, American boxing promoter Bob Arum said that Senator Manny Pacquiao confided to him that he will run for president in 2022.[20] Pacquiao later denied talking about politics with Arum.[21] After remarks by actress Sharon Cuneta in July 2020 saying she hopes Robredo will succeed Duterte in 2022 so that "decency" will be restored in the country, Robredo said that she has no plans yet of running in 2022.[22]

Robredo had a televised speech in August claiming that the government had no plans on how to resolve the COVID-19 pandemic. She then shared 10 recommendations on how to resolve it.[23] Duterte himself, in a separate speech days later, asked Robredo not to "add fuel to the fire", and that even if he dies, the problems of the country won't be solved.[24] This comes as suggestions of a "revolutionary government" replacing the current constitutional government were put forward by the Mayor Rodrigo Roa Duterte – National Executive Coordinating Committee (MRRD-NECC). Archie Gamboa, the chief of the Philippine National Police, said that he received an invitation from the group, but did not act on it.[25] Duterte, in the same speech where he answered Robredo's suggestions, said that he does not know the people pushing for revolutionary government, and that he has nothing to do with it.[26]

After being disowned by Duterte, the MRRD-NECC offered Robredo a part in the plot; Robredo rejected the offer.[27] Duterte then said that he wants the concept to be discussed in public.[28]

Candidates

Official candidates

The Commission on Elections is expected to publish the list of official candidates by January 2022.

Declared candidates

No one has declared their intentions of running for either president or vice president.

Potential candidates

Various personalities have directly and indirectly hinted on the possibility of running for president or vice president in the 2022 presidential elections. In other cases, sources have hinted on the possibility of certain candidates to run for president or vice president in 2022. Among these personalities include:

Declined candidacies

These are the people who, while have been suggested to run for either president or vice president have personally ruled out the idea of running for either or both positions. Among these personalities include:

For president

For both president and vice president

  • Antonio Trillanes (Magdalo), former senator[70]
    • In February 2019, Trillanes said that the highest position he'd run for is senator, and that he'd support Vice President Robredo for president instead.[71]

Issues

Experts have warned against voting for candidates backed by the government of China in the 2022 elections, amidst territorial conflicts between China and the Philippines.[72] Issues on the government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, where it was alleged that it was used to justify suppression of critics of the Duterte's administration.[73]

References

  1. ^ Hartmann, Christoff; Hassall, Graham; Santos, Soliman M. Jr. Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (eds.). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook, Volume II. Oxford University Press. p. 187. ISBN 0199249598.
  2. ^ "Marcos protests Robredo victory on eve of oath-taking". Rappler. June 29, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  3. ^ "Duterte appoints Robredo as HUDCC chief". Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  4. ^ "VP Leni Robredo resigns from Cabinet position". CNN Philippines. December 4, 2016. Retrieved December 4, 2016.
  5. ^ "Duterte wants impeachment bids against Philippine VP stopped". Associated Press. March 23, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  6. ^ Cepeda, Mara (July 25, 2016). "Pantaleon Alvarez is new House Speaker". Rappler. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
  7. ^ Placido, Dharel (October 13, 2017). "Duterte threatens to set up revolutionary government". Retrieved September 3, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ Cervantes, Filane Mikee (July 23, 2018). "Arroyo replaces Alvarez as House Speaker". www.pna.gov.ph. Retrieved July 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "Benigno Aquino III, Leni Robredo endorse opposition Senate 12". philstar.com. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  10. ^ Calvelo, George. "Sara's 'Hugpong' endorses 13 senatorial bets for 12 seats". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 16, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ^ "COMELEC wraps up official tally with Binay clinching top 12". cnn. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  12. ^ Ranada, Pia (May 19, 2019). "Alvarez wins, Floirendo-Del Rosario rule ends in Davao del Norte". Rappler. Retrieved July 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ Punay, Edu (October 16, 2019). "Leni Was Seen To Win In Bongbong's Election Protest, But…". OneNews.ph. Retrieved July 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ "Rodrigo Duterte hands over 'war on drugs' to vice-president and critic". The Guardian. November 7, 2019. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 16, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "Duterte threatens to fire Robredo from ICAD if she reveals state secrets". GMA News Online. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  16. ^ "Duterte on anti-drug czar: I cannot trust Robredo". GMA News Online. November 19, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ "Robredo to Duterte: Tell me if I'm out as drug czar". The Manila Times. November 20, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  18. ^ Romero, Paolo; Mateo, Janvic (November 23, 2019). "'Fire Leni instead of belittling her'". philstar.com. Retrieved July 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ Andolong, Ina; Gregorio, Xave (November 24, 2019). "Duterte fires Robredo from anti-drug czar post". CNN Philippines. Retrieved July 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ a b "Pacquiao planning to run for president in 2022, says Arum". GMA News Online. June 8, 2020.
  21. ^ a b Giongco, Mark (June 10, 2020). "Pacquiao denies discussing running for president with Arum". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  22. ^ a b "Robredo says no plans yet for 2022, focused on service". ABS-CBN News. July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ "As if Philippines has no leader amid COVID-19, says Robredo". GMA News Online. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  24. ^ Aguilar, Krissy (August 25, 2020). "Duterte to Robredo: Don't add fuel to the fire, you will destroy gov't". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
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  27. ^ Subingsubing, Krixia (August 31, 2020). "Robredo wants no part in RevGov". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  28. ^ "Duterte wants 'revolutionary gov't' to be discussed in public". cnn. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  29. ^ Sison, George (July 1, 2018). "Ed Angara didn't become president—but his Son(ny) could". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
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  31. ^ "Naghahanda na sa 2022! Duterte calls Alan Cayetano 'Mr. President'". Politics.com.ph. January 18, 2018.
  32. ^ "Cayetano denies posturing for 2022 polls, extended speakership amid SEA Games flubs". cnn. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  33. ^ Galvez, Daphne (October 7, 2020). "Lagman: Cayetano's grip on speakership linked to 2022 presidential dream". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  34. ^ Maierbrugger, Arno (October 30, 2017). ""The Rock" may run in 2022 Philippine presidential elections". Investvine.
  35. ^ "PNP chief 'Bato' hints at possible run for presidency". ABS-CBN News. October 30, 2017.
  36. ^ Punzalan, Jemaine (May 22, 2019). "Chel Diokno can be opposition standard bearer in 2022 - Gutoc". ABS-CBN News.
  37. ^ a b c d e Valente, Catherine S. (December 20, 2019). "'Duterte-Duterte for 2022 possible'". Manila Times.
  38. ^ a b Castaneda, Jason (July 22, 2020). "A Duterte second term comes into view". Asia Times.
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  40. ^ Colcol, Erwin (August 30, 2018). "Cayetano open to support Sara Duterte as next president". GMA News Online.
  41. ^ Dullana, Raymon (February 18, 2019). "Sara Duterte to decide on presidential bid by 2021". Rappler.
  42. ^ Romero, Alexis. "Palace: Sara Duterte a sure winner in 2022, but…". philstar.com. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  43. ^ Corrales, Nestor (June 28, 2019). "Inday Sara for president? People will make her run in 2022- Panelo". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  44. ^ a b Valente, Catherine S. (December 6, 2019). "Duterte: 'Next president will come from Bicol'". The Manila Times.
  45. ^ Placido, Dharel (May 9, 2017). "Duterte calls Gordon PH's next president". ABS-CBN News.
  46. ^ Cervantes, Filane Mikee (May 2, 2019). "Lacson may run for president again in 2022". Philippine News Agency.
  47. ^ Ager, Maila (May 2, 2019). "Lacson on possible 2022 run I'm not closing the door". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  48. ^ Norman P. Aquino and Jason Koutsoukis (October 15, 2017). "Another Marcos Is Eyeing the Philippine Presidency". www.bloomberg.com.
  49. ^ Cepeda, Mara (June 21, 2018). "Bongbong Marcos eyes return to Malacañang as Philippine president". Rappler.
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  51. ^ Casayuran, Mario (September 28, 2020). "Ex-Sen. Bongbong Marcos: 2022 presidential bid not on the table yet". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved October 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  52. ^ "Isko for 2022? Too early, says NUP". ABS-CBN News. August 7, 2019.
  53. ^ Bajo, Anna Felicia (September 9, 2020). "Higher post in 2022? Isko says everyone dreams of being president". GMA News Online. Retrieved September 9, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  56. ^ Jalea, Glee (November 24, 2018). "Robredo leaves 2022 presidency up to 'destiny'". The Manila Times.
  57. ^ "Teddy Locsin to Mar Roxas: Run for president in 2022 but avoid 'yellow crowd'". politics.com.ph. May 11, 2016.
  58. ^ Villanueva, Marichu A. (November 9, 2018). "What is Sotto's plan for 2022?". The Philippine Star.
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  60. ^ Ramos, Christia Marie (July 22, 2020). "2022 presidential race? Drilon says 'count me out'". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  61. ^ Domingo, Katrina (October 24, 2019). "Early campaigning for 2022? Why even talk about it, asks Go". ABS-CBN.
  62. ^ Placido, Dharel (April 3, 2019). "Bong Go says no plans to seek presidency in 2022". ABS-CBN.
  63. ^ "Imee Marcos: Presidency 'not in my mind,' says Sara Duterte 'strongest' 2022 bet". ABS-CBN. May 30, 2019.
  64. ^ Ager, Maila (July 15, 2019). "Poe sure presidential winner in 2022 – Osmeña". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  65. ^ Aiger, Maila (February 18, 2019). "Take 2 in 2022? Poe says, 'I was given a chance already'". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  66. ^ Fenol, Jessica (May 7, 2019). "Villar rides rags-to-riches tale for reelection, leaves 2022 to destiny". ABS-CBN.
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  68. ^ "Duterte to Manny Villar: Run, I'm with you". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Philippine Daily Inquirer. February 16, 2019.
  69. ^ Rosario, Ben (February 15, 2019). "No plan to run in 2022 for Manny Villar". Tempo - The Nation's Fastest Growing Newspaper. Retrieved October 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  70. ^ Alberto-Masakayan, Thea (September 24, 2019). "Trillanes says Robredo is opposition's best bet in 2022 polls". ABS-CBN.
  71. ^ Buan, Lian (February 19, 2020). "Opposition is solid for Robredo in 2022 – Trillanes". Rappler.
  72. ^ Gotinga, JC (June 10, 2020). "Experts warn of China-backed candidates in 2022 PH elections". Rappler.
  73. ^ Hartung, William D. (April 20, 2020). "Duterte uses Covid-19 response to broaden reign of fear and repression". CNN International.
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