Mofezolac

Mofezolac
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	none;
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Identifiers
	IUPAC name [3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]acetic acid;
CAS Number	78967-07-4 ;
PubChem CID	4237;
ChemSpider	4089;
UNII	RVJ0BV3H3Y;
KEGG	D01718 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1046716 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C19H17NO5
Molar mass	339.347 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(ON=C2C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)CC(=O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H17NO5/c1-23-14-7-3-12(4-8-14)18-16(11-17(21)22)25-20-19(18)13-5-9-15(24-2)10-6-13/h3-10H,11H2,1-2H3,(H,21,22); Key:DJEIHHYCDCTAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	(verify)

Mofezolac (INN), sold under the name Disopain in Japan, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. It is often prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis, lower back pain, frozen shoulder, and pain management after surgery or trauma.^[1] It is also being investigated for potential use in the treatment of neuroinflammation.^[2]^[3]

Common side effects include abdominal pain, stomach discomfort, nausea, sleepiness, itch, hives, rash, erythema, and edema. Serious side effects include peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, asthma attack, jaundice, acute liver failure, and thrombocytopenia.^[1] Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.^[4]

Mofezolac acts via selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase COX-1 and consequent suppression of prostaglandin synthesis.^[5] It is the most potent and selective reversible COX-1 inhibitor.^[6] Studies of ovine COX-1 in complex with mofezolac indicate that the drug forms a combination of electrostatic, H-bond, hydrophobic, and van der Waals contacts with the enzyme active site channel, contributing to mofezolac's high binding affinity.^[7]

Mofezolac belongs to the class of isoxazoles and is a substrate of CYP2C9.^[8]

It is manufactured and marketed by Nipro ES Pharma Co., Ltd.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Kusuri-no-Shiori (Drug Information Sheet)". RAD-AR Council, Japan. June 2018. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
^ Calvello R, Panaro MA, Carbone ML, Cianciulli A, Perrone MG, Vitale P, et al. (January 2012). "Novel selective COX-1 inhibitors suppress neuroinflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated N13 microglial cells". Pharmacological Research. 65 (1): 137–148. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.09.009. hdl:11586/117804. PMID 22001217.
^ Calvello R, Lofrumento DD, Perrone MG, Cianciulli A, Salvatore R, Vitale P, et al. (2017). "Highly Selective Cyclooxygenase-1 Inhibitors P6 and Mofezolac Counteract Inflammatory State both In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Neuroinflammation". Frontiers in Neurology. 8: 251. doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00251. PMC 5465243. PMID 28649222.
^ "Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Safety Information" (381). Translated by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. March 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Ono N, Yamamoto N, Sunami A, Yamasaki Y, Miyake H (February 1990). "[Pharmacological profile of mofezolac, a new non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory drug]". Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica (in Japanese). 95 (2): 63–81. doi:10.1254/fpj.95.2_63. PMID 2109726.
^ Pati ML, Vitale P, Ferorelli S, Iaselli M, Miciaccia M, Boccarelli A, et al. (February 2019). "Translational impact of novel widely pharmacological characterized mofezolac-derived COX-1 inhibitors combined with bortezomib on human multiple myeloma cell lines viability". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 164: 59–76. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.029. PMID 30590258. S2CID 58648199.
^ Cingolani G, Panella A, Perrone MG, Vitale P, Di Mauro G, Fortuna CG, et al. (September 2017). "Structural basis for selective inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) by diarylisoxazoles mofezolac and 3-(5-chlorofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazole (P6)". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 138: 661–668. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.045. PMC 5992922. PMID 28710965.
^ "DRUG: Mofezolac". KEGG. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

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[RAD-AR-1] "Kusuri-no-Shiori (Drug Information Sheet)". RAD-AR Council, Japan. June 2018. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

[pmid22001217-2] Calvello R, Panaro MA, Carbone ML, Cianciulli A, Perrone MG, Vitale P, et al. (January 2012). "Novel selective COX-1 inhibitors suppress neuroinflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated N13 microglial cells". Pharmacological Research. 65 (1): 137–148. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.09.009. hdl:11586/117804. PMID 22001217.

[pmid28649222-3] Calvello R, Lofrumento DD, Perrone MG, Cianciulli A, Salvatore R, Vitale P, et al. (2017). "Highly Selective Cyclooxygenase-1 Inhibitors P6 and Mofezolac Counteract Inflammatory State both In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Neuroinflammation". Frontiers in Neurology. 8: 251. doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00251. PMC 5465243. PMID 28649222.

[pmdsi-4] "Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Safety Information" (381). Translated by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. March 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[pmid2109726-5] Ono N, Yamamoto N, Sunami A, Yamasaki Y, Miyake H (February 1990). "[Pharmacological profile of mofezolac, a new non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory drug]". Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica (in Japanese). 95 (2): 63–81. doi:10.1254/fpj.95.2_63. PMID 2109726.

[pmid30590258-6] Pati ML, Vitale P, Ferorelli S, Iaselli M, Miciaccia M, Boccarelli A, et al. (February 2019). "Translational impact of novel widely pharmacological characterized mofezolac-derived COX-1 inhibitors combined with bortezomib on human multiple myeloma cell lines viability". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 164: 59–76. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.029. PMID 30590258. S2CID 58648199.

[pmid28710965-7] Cingolani G, Panella A, Perrone MG, Vitale P, Di Mauro G, Fortuna CG, et al. (September 2017). "Structural basis for selective inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) by diarylisoxazoles mofezolac and 3-(5-chlorofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazole (P6)". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 138: 661–668. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.045. PMC 5992922. PMID 28710965.

[kegg-8] "DRUG: Mofezolac". KEGG. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

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v t e Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (primarily M01A and M02A, also N02BA)
pyrazolones / pyrazolidines	Aminophenazone Ampyrone Azapropazone Clofezone Difenamizole Famprofazone Feprazone Kebuzone Metamizole Mofebutazone Morazone Nifenazone Oxyphenbutazone Phenazone Phenylbutazone Propyphenazone Sulfinpyrazone Suxibuzone^‡
salicylates	Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)^# Aloxiprin Benorylate Carbasalate calcium Diflunisal Dipyrocetyl Ethenzamide Guacetisal Magnesium salicylate Methyl salicylate Salsalate Salicin Salicylamide Salicylic acid (salicylate) Sodium salicylate
acetic acid derivatives and related substances	Aceclofenac Acemetacin Alclofenac Amfenac Bendazac Bromfenac Bufexamac Bumadizone Diclofenac Difenpiramide Etodolac Felbinac Fenclozic acid Fentiazac Indometacin Indometacin farnesil Isoxepac Ketorolac Lonazolac Mofezolac Oxametacin Prodolic acid Proglumetacin Sulindac Tiopinac Tolmetin Zomepirac^†
oxicams	Ampiroxicam Droxicam Isoxicam Lornoxicam Meloxicam Piroxicam Pivoxicam Tenoxicam
propionic acid derivatives (profens)	Alminoprofen Benoxaprofen^† Carprofen^‡ Dexibuprofen Dexketoprofen Fenbufen Fenoprofen Flunoxaprofen Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen^# Ibuproxam Indoprofen^† Ketoprofen Loxoprofen Miroprofen Naproxen Oxaprozin Pelubiprofen Piketoprofen Pirprofen Suprofen Tarenflurbil Tepoxalin^‡ Tiaprofenic acid Vedaprofen^‡ Zaltoprofen COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donator: Naproxcinod
n-arylanthranilic acids (fenamates)	Azapropazone Clonixin Etofenamate Floctafenine Flufenamic acid Flunixin Flutiazin Glafenine^† Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid Morniflumate Niflumic acid Tolfenamic acid
COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs)	Apricoxib Celecoxib (+tramadol) Cimicoxib^‡ Deracoxib^‡ Etoricoxib Firocoxib^‡ Lumiracoxib^† Mavacoxib^‡ Parecoxib Robenacoxib^‡ Rofecoxib^† Valdecoxib^†
other	Aminopropionitrile Benzydamine Chondroitin sulfate Diacerein Fluproquazone Glucosamine Glycosaminoglycan Hyperforin Nabumetone Nimesulide Oxaceprol Proquazone Superoxide dismutase / orgotein Tenidap
NSAID combinations	Ibuprofen/famotidine Ibuprofen/hydrocodone Ibuprofen/oxycodone Ibuprofen/paracetamol Meloxicam/bupivacaine Naproxen/diphenhydramine Naproxen/esomeprazole
Key: underline indicates initially developed first-in-class compound of specific group; ^#WHO-Essential Medicines; ^†withdrawn drugs; ^‡veterinary use.
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