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China–Lithuania relations

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China–Lithuania relations
Map indicating locations of China and Lithuania

China
Lithuania

China–Lithuanian relations (Template:Lang-lt) are the bilateral foreign relations between the People's Republic of China (China) and Lithuania. The PRC has a chargé d'affaires in Vilnius. In December 2021, Lithuania closed its embassy in Beijing.[1]

Timeline

China-Lithuanian relations date back to 1921, when the Republic of China recognized independent Lithuania until the latter's occupation and subsequent annexation by the Soviet Union in 1940. Modern diplomatic relations between Lithuania and the People's Republic of China were officially established on 14 September 1991, following the official restoration of Lithuanian independence. Neither the PRC nor the ROC recognized the incorporation of Lithuania into the Soviet Union.

In 1992, the PRC's embassy was established in Vilnius, and in 1995, the Lithuanian embassy was established in Beijing.

In August 2021, the ROC opened its representative office in Vilnius under the name of "Taiwanese" (the first under this name in Europe), with the Lithuanian office in Taipei to open by the end of 2021. In the opinion of the Chinese government, Lithuania has thus reneged on its 1991 agreement with PRC on the establishment of diplomatic relations where Lithuania recognized the One China principle; Lithuanian government does not consider being in breach of the agreement.[2] In response, the PRC recalled its ambassador in Vilnius, Shen Zhifei, and demanded that Lithuania recall its ambassador in Beijing, Diana Mickevičienė.[3] Trade between the two countries were also seriously disrupted.[4] Relations between the PRC and Lithuania were downgraded to the level of chargé d'affaires on 21 November 2021.[5][6]

On 3 December 2021, Lithuania reported that in an escalation of the diplomatic spat over relations with Taiwan, China had stopped all imports from the Baltic state. It said Beijing has delisted Lithuania as a country of origin, preventing items from clearing customs, and was rejecting all import applications.[7] As a result of the conflict, China pressured Continental AG and other international companies to stop doing business with Lithuania.[8] The spat spilled over to the rest of the EU when China banned the import of goods which contained Lithuanian parts potentially disrupting integrated supply chains in the common market. EU Ambassador to China Nicolas Chapuis supported Lithuania and attempted to intervene on their behalf. The president of the EU Chamber of Commerce in China described the Chinese government's move as "unprecedented."[9] In early 2022, reports emerged that German Chamber of Commerce warned Lithuania that German-owned factories will be closed if relations with China are not improved.[10][11]

Lithuanian President Gitanas Nauseda said in a radio interview in January 2022 that he thought it was a mistake to allow Taiwan to open a representative office using the name 'Taiwan' in Vilnius.[12] These remarks were subsequently widely published across mainland Chinese media that reported Lithuania had admitted its mistake. Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin said "Recognizing the mistake is a correct step, but what is more important is to take action, correct the 'One China, One Taiwan' mistaken act, and return to the principle of One China." However, political analysts quoted on the BBC claimed that Nauseda was not suggesting to make any significant change to Lithuanian policy regarding the opening of the office and improving relations with Taiwan, only that he thought it had caused an avoidable diplomatic crisis by using the name "Taiwan" rather than "Taipei" or something else as the name for the office in Vilnius.[13]

An independent 2022 poll commissioned by the Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs showed that the Lithuanian population overwhelmingly opposes the government's policies towards China.[14] Only 13% of Lithuanians view the policies positively. Following the poll results, opposition parties have called on the government to respect popular opinion and repair ties with Beijing.[14][15] Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis claimed that the survey question was not worded accurately enough, stating: "Lithuania has de facto never changed its policy on China. China has decided to apply unannounced, most likely illegal measures against Lithuania and the European Union. [...] I would probably ask whether Lithuania should support, agree with the aspiration of Taiwan's people to be called Taiwanese, instead of asking about Lithuania's policy on China."[14] China's acting chargé d'affairs in Lithuania, Qu Baihua, responded by saying that unsanctioned visits by Lithuanian government officials that include agreements with sovereignty implications violate the One China policy that Lithuania agreed to.[16]

Human rights criticisms

In June 2020, Lithuania openly opposed the Hong Kong national security law in a statement given at the United Nations Human Rights Council.[17] Later, in May 2021, the Seimas passed a resolution that recognized the Uyghur genocide and called for the PRC's government to revoke the Hong Kong national security law.[18]

In March 2021, the PRC blacklisted Lithuanian MP Dovilė Šakalienė because of her comments regarding the state of human rights in mainland China.[19]

On 19 November 2021, group of members of Lithuanian national parliament (Seimas) released an official letter encouraging Lithuania to withdraw from the 2022 Winter Olympics due to human rights violations in China.[20] Daina Gudzinevičiūtė, president of National Olympic Committee of Lithuania, released a statement stating that the Olympic games should be politically neutral and confirmed that committee has no plans to boycott the games.[21]

Notable ambassadors

  • Chen Di (1992–1993)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Lithuania closes embassy in China after last diplomats leave amid Taiwan spat". NPR. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Po Kinijos priekaištų Lietuvai – Šimonytės atsakas: mes laikomės sutarties". Delfi.lt. 25 November 2021.
  3. ^ "China recalls envoy to Lithuania over Taiwan's move to open de facto embassy". South China Morning Post. 10 August 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  4. ^ Higgins, Andrew (30 September 2021). "Lithuania vs. China: A Baltic Minnow Defies a Rising Superpower". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  5. ^ Shirouzu, Norihiko; Sytas, Andrius (21 November 2021). "China downgrades diplomatic ties with Lithuania over Taiwan". Reuters. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  6. ^ "China downgrades diplomatic ties with Lithuania over Taiwan de facto embassy". India Today. 21 November 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
  7. ^ Bounds, Andy (3 December 2021). "Lithuania complains of trade 'sanctions' by China after Taiwan dispute". Financial Times.
  8. ^ Sytas, Andrius; O'Donnell, John (17 December 2021). "China pressures Germany's Continental to cut out Lithuania - sources". reuters.com. Reuters. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  9. ^ Lau, Stuart; Moens, Barbara (16 December 2021). "China's trade attack on Lithuania exposes EU's powerlessness". politico.eu. Politico. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  10. ^ "German Chamber of Commerce warns Lithuania that German-owned factories will be closed if relations with China are not improved". politico.eu. ycnews.com. 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  11. ^ "German firms pressure Lithuania to deescalate China tensions – media". www.lrt.lt/. LRT.lt. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Lithuanian president takes aim at 'mistake' in Taiwan office row". www.scmp.com. 4 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  13. ^ "以台湾之名设立代表处是"错误" 立陶宛总统为何话锋突变". BBC News 中文 (in Simplified Chinese). 6 January 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  14. ^ a b c "Most Lithuanians critical of Vilnius' China policy – survey". LRT. 12 January 2022. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  15. ^ Bermingham, Finbarr (13 January 2022). "Lithuanians overwhelmingly oppose Vilnius' policy on China, poll shows". SCMP. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  16. ^ "Beijing criticizes Lithuanian officials for visiting Taiwan". Delfi & Baltic News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  17. ^ Lawler, Dave (2 July 2020). "The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong". Axios. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  18. ^ Zachary, Basu (20 May 2021). "Lithuanian parliament becomes latest to recognize Uyghur genocide". Axios.
  19. ^ Everington, Keoni (21 July 2021). "Lithuanian MP backs Taiwan de facto embassy, calls China 'bloody authoritarian regime'". www.taiwannews.com.tw. Taiwan News. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  20. ^ "Grupė Lietuvos parlamentarų ragina boikotuoti Pekino žiemos olimpines žaidynes". The Wall Street Journal. Eastern Edition (in Lithuanian). 19 November 2021. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  21. ^ "Po Seimo narių prašymo boikotuoti Pekino olimpinės žaidynes – griežtas LTOK atsakas". The Wall Street Journal. Eastern Edition (in Lithuanian). 23 November 2021. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
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