4 × 100 metres relay at the Olympics
| 4 × 100 metres relay at the Olympic Games | |
|---|---|
 The 2012 Olympic men's 4×100 m - USA team | |
| Overview | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Gender | Men and women |
| Years held | Men: 1912–2016 Women: 1928–2016 |
| Olympic record | |
| Men | 36.84  Jamaica (JAM) (2012) |
| Women | 40.82  United States (USA) (2012) |
| Reigning champion | |
| Men | Jamaica (JAM) |
| Women | United States (USA) |
The 4 × 100 metres relay at the Summer Olympics is the shortest track relay event held at the multi-sport event. The men's relay has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1912 and the women's event has been continuously held since the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. It is the most prestigious 4×100 m relay race at elite level.
The competition has two parts: a first round and an eight-team final. Historically, there has been a semi-final round, but this has been eliminated as selection is now determined by time – the sixteen fastest nations during a pre-Olympic qualification period are entered. Since 1988, teams may enter up to six athletes for the event. Larger nations typically have two reserves runners in the first round in order to preserve the fitness of their top runners for the final. Heat runners of medal-winning teams receive medals even if they did not run in the final.
The Olympic records for the event were both set at the 2012 Olympic Games in London: the Jamaican men's team ran 36.84 seconds and the American women's team won with 40.82 seconds, both of them world records. The men's world record has been broken and equalled at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The record was set at six consecutive editions from 1912 to 1936, then five straight editions from 1956 to 1972. Since then, the men's Olympic final has been won in a world record time in 1984, 1992, and 2012. The women's world record has been similarly linked to the Olympics: the record was broken on the first three occasions it was contested as an Olympic event (1928 to 1936). It was then improved at six successive Olympics from 1952 to 1972. The women's world record at the 2012 Olympic Games ended the forty-year absence of such a feat.[1]
The United States is by far the most dominant nation in the event. The country has won the men's race 15 times and the women's race on 11 occasions. The American men accrued eight straight wins from 1920 to 1956 and have won a medal in the event at all but seven Olympics (boycott in 1980, baton pass failures in 1912, 1960, 1988, 2008 and 2016, and their disqualification after the race due to Tyson Gay's doping charge in 2012). The American women took four consecutive gold medals from 1984 to 1996. As of 2016, no other country has won more than three golds in the men's or women's event. Jamaica (four wins, nine medals), Great Britain (two wins, fifteen medals) and the Soviet Union (two wins, eleven medals) are the next most successful nations.[2][3]
Participants in this event are often competitors in the 100 metres and 200 metres individual Olympic events (and, less commonly, the sprint hurdles). Frank Wykoff and Evelyn Ashford are the most successful athletes in the event, having each won three gold medals. In terms of total career medals, the most successful is Jamaica's Veronica Campbell-Brown with four (one gold and three silvers). Only two other athletes have won three medals in the event: Marlies Göhr (twice champion) and Lyudmila Zharkova.
Medal summary
Men
Note: * Indicates athletes who ran in preliminary rounds and also received medals.
Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1= | Frank Wykoff | United States (USA) |
1928–1936 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 2= | Usain Bolt | Jamaica (JAM) |
2008–2016 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2= | Loren Murchison | United States (USA) |
1920-1924 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2= | Harrison Dillard | United States (USA) |
1948–1952 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2= | Vladimir Muravyov |  Soviet Union (URS) |
1980–1988 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2= | Carl Lewis | United States (USA) |
1984–1992 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2= | Kemar Bailey-Cole | Jamaica (JAM) |
2012–2016 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2= | Yohan Blake | Jamaica (JAM) |
2012–2016 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 9= | Michael Marsh | United States (USA) |
1992–1996 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 9= | Dennis Mitchell | United States (USA) |
1992–1996 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 9= | Jon Drummond | United States (USA) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 12= | Tim Montgomery | United States (USA) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 12= | Maurice Greene | United States (USA) |
2000–2004 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 12= | Keston Bledman |  Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) |
2008–2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 12= | Marc Burns | Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) |
2008–2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 12= | Emmanuel Callender | Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) |
2008–2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 12= | Richard Thomson | Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) |
2008–2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 18 | Aleksandr Aksinin | Soviet Union (URS) |
1976–1980 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 19= | Helmut Körnig |  Germany (GER) |
1928–1932 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 19= | Vladimir Sukharev | Soviet Union (URS) |
1952–1956 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 19= | Boris Tokarev | Soviet Union (URS) |
1952–1956 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 19= | Leonid Bartenev | Soviet Union (URS) |
1956–1960 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 19= | Yuriy Konovalov | Soviet Union (URS) |
1956–1960 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 19= | Darvis Patton | United States (USA) |
2004–2012 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 28= | Walter Rangeley |  Great Britain (GBR) |
1924–1928 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 28= | Erich Borchmeyer | Germany (GER) |
1932–1936 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 28= | Valeriy Borzov | Soviet Union (URS) |
1972–1976 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 28= | Juris Silovs | Soviet Union (URS) |
1972–1976 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 28= | Edson Ribeiro |  Brazil (BRA) |
1996–2000 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 28= | André da Silva | Brazil (BRA) |
1996–2000 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 28= | Vicente de Lima | Brazil (BRA) |
2000–2008 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 33= | Jocelyn Delecour |  France (FRA) |
1964–1968 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 33= | Claude Piquemal | France (FRA) |
1964–1968 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Medals by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States (USA) |
15 | 2 | 0 | 17 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS) |
2 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Great Britain (GBR) |
2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| 4 | Jamaica (JAM) |
2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 5 | Germany (GER)[nb] |
1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 6 | Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 7 |  Canada (CAN) |
1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 8= |  Poland (POL) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 8= |  Japan (JPN) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 | France (FRA) |
0 | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 11= |  Cuba (CUB) |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 11= |  Italy (ITA) |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 11= | Brazil (BRA) |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 14= |  Nigeria (NGR) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 14= |  Sweden (SWE) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 16 | West Germany (FRG) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 17= |  East Germany (GDR) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 17= |  Hungary (HUN) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 17= |  Netherlands (NED) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
- nb The German total includes teams both competing as Germany and the United Team of Germany, but not East or West Germany.
Women
Note: * Indicates athletes who ran in preliminary rounds and also received medals.
- nb Note: Marion Jones was stripped of all her Olympic medals.
- In 2008 the Russian team of Evgeniya Polyakova, Aleksandra Fedoriva, Yulia Gushchina, and Yuliya Chermoshanskaya were initially awarded the gold medals. However, the medals were rescinded in 2016 following disqualification of Chermoshanskaya for use of performance-enhancing drugs.[6]
Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Evelyn Ashford | United States (USA) |
1984–1992 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Marlies Göhr | East Germany (GDR) |
1976–1988 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 3= | Annette Rogers | United States (USA) |
1932–1936 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3= | Alice Brown | United States (USA) |
1984–1988 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3= | Carlette Guidry | United States (USA) |
1992–1996 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3= | Gwen Torrence | United States (USA) |
1992–1996 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3= | Tianna Bartoletta | United States (USA) |
2012–2016 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3= | Allyson Felix | United States (USA) |
2012–2016 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Veronica Campbell-Brown | Jamaica (JAM) |
2000–2016 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 10= | Shirley Strickland |  Australia (AUS) |
1948–1956 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Wyomia Tyus | United States (USA) |
1964–1968 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Annegret Richter | West Germany (FRG) |
1972–1976 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Renate Stecher | East Germany (GDR) |
1972–1976 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Ingrid Auerswald | East Germany (GDR) |
1980–1988 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Eldece Clarke-Lewis |  Bahamas (BAH) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Pauline Davis-Thompson | Bahamas (BAH) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Debbie Ferguson | Bahamas (BAH) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Savatheda Fynes | Bahamas (BAH) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Chandra Sturrup | Bahamas (BAH) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Tayna Lawrence | Jamaica (JAM) |
2000–2004 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Beverly McDonald | Jamaica (JAM) |
2000–2004 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10= | Sherone Simpson | Jamaica (JAM) |
2004–2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 23= | Mae Faggs | United States (USA) |
1952–1956 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 23= | Teresa Ciepły | Poland (POL) |
1956–1960 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 23= | Halina Górecka | Poland (POL) |
1956–1960 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 23= | Wilma Rudolph | United States (USA) |
1956–1960 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 23= | Chryste Gaines | United States (USA) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 28 | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce | Jamaica (JAM) |
2012–2016 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 29 | Lyudmila Zharkova | Soviet Union (URS) |
1968–1980 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 30= | Eileen Hiscock | Great Britain (GBR) |
1932–1936 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 30= | June Foulds | Great Britain (GBR) |
1952–1956 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 30= | Marlene Elejarde | Cuba (CUB) |
1968–1972 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 30= | Fulgencia Romay | Cuba (CUB) |
1968–1972 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 30= | Vera Anisimova | Soviet Union (URS) |
1976–1980 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 30= | Galina Malchugina | Soviet Union (URS) Unified Team (EUN) |
1988–1992 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 30= | Merlene Ottey | Jamaica (JAM) |
1996–2000 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 37= | Beverley Goddard | Great Britain (GBR) |
1980–1984 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 37= | Heather Oakes | Great Britain (GBR) |
1980–1984 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 37= | Kathy Smallwood-Cook | Great Britain (GBR) |
1980–1984 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Medals by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States (USA) |
11 | 2 | 2 | 15 |
| 2 | East Germany (GDR) |
2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | Jamaica (JAM) |
1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 4 | Canada (CAN) |
1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 5= | Australia (AUS) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5= | Bahamas (BAH) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5= | West Germany (FRG) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 | Poland (POL) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 9= |  Belgium (BEL) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9= | Netherlands (NED) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Great Britain (GBR) |
0 | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 12 | Germany (GER)[nb] |
0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 13 | Soviet Union (URS) |
0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 14= | Cuba (CUB) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 14= | Nigeria (NGR) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 16= |  Russia (RUS) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 16= | Unified Team (EUN) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 18= | Brazil (BRA) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 18= | France (FRA) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 18= |  Ukraine (UKR) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
- nb The German total includes teams both competing as Germany and the Unified Team of Germany, but not East or West Germany.
References
- Participation and athlete data
- Athletics Men's 4 × 100 metres Relay Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
- Athletics Women's 4 × 100 metres Relay Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
- Olympic record progressions
- Mallon, Bill (2012). TRACK & FIELD ATHLETICS - OLYMPIC RECORD PROGRESSIONS. Track and Field News. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
- Specific
- ^ "13th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Daegu 2011. (Part 5 of 5)". Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2011. pp. 546, 561–2, 595, 704. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2013-10-11. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
- ^ Athletics Men's 4 × 100 metres Relay Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
- ^ Athletics Women's 4 × 100 metres Relay Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
- ^ On 25 January 2017, the Jamaican team was stripped of the gold medal due to Nesta Carter testing positive for the prohibited substance methylhexaneamine. The IOC requested that the IAAF modify the results, and, after CAS dismissed Carter's appeal, the medals were redistributed accordingly. Trinidad and Tobago team was advanced to gold, Japan to silver, and Brazil to bronze.
- ^ On 18 February 2022, the British team was stripped of the silver medal due to CJ Ujah testing positive for the prohibited substances ostarine and S-23. After the medals were redistributed, Italy retained the gold medal, while the Canadian team advanced to silver and the Chinese team advanced to bronze.
- ^ IOC sanctions Yulia Chermoshanskaya for failing anti-doping test at Beijing 2008
External links
- IAAF 4×100 metres relay homepage
- Official Olympics website
- Olympic athletics records from Track & Field News
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